概要写作微技能训练之如何提炼与处理次要点

概要写作微技能训练之如何提炼与处理次要点
概要写作微技能训练之如何提炼与处理次要点

概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点

1.段落中前后有转折关系的,主要点在后面转折部分,前面的信息要适当选用(尤其是字数较多的情况下),用while/ although/ despite/ in spite of等引出。

例1: A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of diabetes than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment.

要点:

【牛刀小试】

It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them.

要点:

2.当段落中出现firstly, secondly, finally或also, besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时,这些次要点都需要提取。可采用平行结构(几个次要点都采用相同的句法结构)合并次要点。

例2: From one point of view, people who accept changes think that changes make their life meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make us leap forward. A new job, for instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to their skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and predictable. Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be good for our physical and mental health. We find that changes can make us experienced and valuable.

要点:

【牛刀小试】

①However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships. Just over half of the 2,253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their own interests. Family members who might otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different mental space.

要点:

②Although there are many benefits, opponents point out problems with the new requirements. First, they argue that the main reason why students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend less time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without pay goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away a student’s freedom to choose.

要点:

3. 当段落有主题句,而主题句表达的意思不够明确时,需要补充次要点。在概写时可选择与主题句中心词汇(benefits/ problems/ solutions/ advantages/ disadvantages等)相关的内容作为补充的次要点,用like, such as, 非限制性定语从句或破折号等补充说明。也可直接把次要点中的内容单独成句。

例3: There are many benefits of having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment— what was once a gray cement (水泥) wall can become a colorful, blooming garden. The Caxia Forum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is a famous example — one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species.

要点:

【牛刀小试】

Participation in music also brings social benefits for students. Music is a way to make friends. Some researchers completed a study dealing with the perceived benefits of music. In their findings they wrote, “Participation in musical groups or bands was regarded as an opportunity to socialize with like-minded people, make new friends and meet interesting people, who without the musical engagement they would not have had the opportunity to meet”. Every time a student is involved in music, they have the chance to meet new people, and form lasting friendships.

要点:

概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点(答案)

1.段落中前后有转折关系的,主要点在后面转折部分,前面的信息要适当选用(尤其是字数较多的情况下),用while/ although/ despite/ in spite of等引出。

例1: A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of diabetes than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment.

要点:While widely acknowledged helpful to keep healthy, vegetarian diets are seldom associated with environment protection.

【牛刀小试】

It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them.

要点:Despite the unavoidable extinction of some languages due to community decline, many endangered ones can still be preserved.

2.当段落中出现firstly, secondly, finally或also, besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时,这些次要点都需要提取。可采用平行结构(几个次要点都采用相同的句法结构)合并次要点。

例2: From one point of view, people who accept changes think that changes make their life meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make us leap forward. A new job, for instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to their skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and predictable. Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be good for our physical and mental health. We find that changes can make us experienced and valuable.

要点:Those who value changes see them as chances of making progress, gaining new experiences and promoting their health.

Some people look on change as self-improvement provider, new experience creator and health promoter.

【牛刀小试】

①However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships. Just over half of the 2,253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their own interests. Family members who might otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different mental space.

要点:Nevertheless, a report indicates that instead of making families divided, it strengthens family ties in contact and communication as well as offers a separate mental space.

However, a report has found technology benefits family bonds by making members closer and providing a private mental space as well.

②Although there are many benefits, opponents point out problems with the new requirements. First, they argue that the main reason why students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend less time studying the core subjects.

Second, they believe that forcing students to work without pay goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away a student’s freedom to choose.

要点:Some argue service learning can reduce the time that students spend on core subjects and rob them of the right to choose.

3. 当段落有主题句,而主题句表达的意思不够明确时,需要补充次要点。在概写时可选择与主题句中心词汇(benefits/ problems/ solutions/ advantages/ disadvantages等)相关的内容作为补充的次要点,用like, such as, 非限制性定语从句或破折号等补充说明。也可直接把次要点中的内容单独成句。

例3: There are many benefits of having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment— what was once a gray cement (水泥) wall can become a colorful, blooming garden. The Caxia Forum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is a famous example — one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species.

要点:There are numerous advantages, one of which is to offer enjoyable/ agreeable/ joyful/ delightful surroundings.

One benefit is to offer agreeable surroundings.

【牛刀小试】

Participation in music also brings social benefits for students. Music is a way to make friends. Some researchers completed a study dealing with the perceived benefits of music. In their findings they wrote, “Participation in musical groups or bands was regarded as an opportunity to socialize with like-minded people, make new friends and meet interesting people, who without the musical engagement they would not have had the chance to meet”. Every time a student is involved in music, they have the chance to meet new people, and form lasting friendships.

要点:Also, involvement in music provides students with an opportunity to socialize and develop lifelong friendships.

Engagement in music also offers students social benefits, such as making new friends and developing permanent friendships.

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概要写作微技能训练之如何提炼与处理次要点

概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点 1.段落中前后有转折关系的,主要点在后面转折部分,前面的信息要适当选用(尤其是字数较多的情况下),用while/ although/ despite/ in spite of等引出。 例1: A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of diabetes than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment. 要点: 【牛刀小试】 It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them. 要点: 2.当段落中出现firstly, secondly, finally或also, besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时,这些次要点都需要提取。可采用平行结构(几个次要点都采用相同的句法结构)合并次要点。 例2: From one point of view, people who accept changes think that changes make their life meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make us leap forward. A new job, for instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to their skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and predictable. Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be good for our physical and mental health. We find that changes can make us experienced and valuable. 要点: 【牛刀小试】 ①However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships. Just over half of the 2,253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their own interests. Family members who might otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different mental space.

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写作微技能(1)

写作微技能训练 一、it 结构微技能写作训练(it 结构使得文章更地道) 题组1:翻译下列句子,注意it结构。 1)It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2)It is natural that you don’t feel at home in your new class._______________________________________ 3)It is quite common that we Chinese students are overburdened with lessons and homework. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4)In my opinion, it is not wise for small children to do such things, for they are too young to take care of themselves. ____________________________________________________________________________ 5)It is worth watching because it is a performance given by several famous players. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 题组2:翻译下列句子,注意it结构。 1)Very few students think it no use going to college. _________________________________________ 2)Personally, I think it a good idea for us senior 3 students to have daily exercise. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3)I will appreciate it very much if you offer me the opportunity. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4)It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5)It was reported that about 100,000 people was chosen as volunteers for the Olympic Games. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 题组3:翻译下列句子,注意it结构。 1)It took us half an hour to finish the homework. ________________________________________ 2)It’ll take half a year to build the house. _____________________________________________ 3)It takes about twenty minutes to walk to the post office. ____________________________________ 4)It’ll take them two months to finish the design. ______________________________________________ 5)It took us nine days to finish the work. _____________________________________________________ 题组4:翻译下列句子,注意it结构。 1)在两天内完成这项工作是不容易的。________________________ the work in two days. 2)我觉得与他去争论是没有用的。I think ____________________________ with him. 3)你没读过这本书真遗憾。_______________________ you didn’t read the book. 4)对我们来说学好英语是非常必要的。____________________________________ English well. 5)你不必担心,他会办成的。You needn’t worry; ______________________ . 题组5:翻译下列句子,注意it结构。 1)我觉得学会一起生活是很有教育意义的。_____________________________ to live together. 2)有人建议会议延期开。___________________________ the meeting will be put off. 3)据报道这部新片即将上映。____________________ the new film will be on show soon. 4)人们相信环境污染总有一天会被控制。_________________ pollution will be under control one day. 5)她开得这么快我很担心。____________________ she drove so fast. / ____________ she drove so fast. 二、倒装句式微技能训练 题组1:翻译下列句子,注意倒装句式。 1)只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。Only in this way _______________________ master English. 2)只有努力工作才能获得成功。Only by working hard ___________________________. 3)只有这样我们才能把语文学好。__________________________________________________. 4)只有通过我们的帮助,他们才能从游戏中摆脱出来。_______________________they be free from games. 题组2:翻译下列句子,注意倒装句式。 1)只到那时我才意识到他在竭力帮助我们。Only then ___________________________________________. 2)只有当我们采取有效措施时这个问题才可能解决。 Only when we take effective measures __________________________________________________. 3)只有当他开始工作他才懂得知识的重要性。 Only when he began to work ________________________________________________. 4)只有当你意识到这个问题时,你才会努力学习。 ___________________________________________________ can you work hard. 题组3:翻译下列句子,注意倒装句式。 1)我永远不会忘记我们一起工作的日子。Never _______ I _______ the time ________ we worked together. 2)有了这台收音机,他不但可以增加乐趣,而且可以增长知识。 With this radio, not only _______________ a lot more fun, but he can increase his knowledge as well. 3)他不但在这所学校里教英语,而且还写小说。 Not only _______ he teach English in the school, but he also writes novels. 4)他不仅要被迫独自在家,也不得看电视。 Not only was he forced to stay in home alone, _________________________________________. 题组4:翻译下列句子,注意倒装句式。 1)他不知道警察就在旁边。Little _______ he know that the police were around. 2)他几乎不知道这个女士是谁。___________________________ who the woman was. 3)无论如何我们都不会搬到一个陌生的城市。By no means ____________________________. 4)老师一出去,电话铃就响了。No sooner _______ the teacher gone out __________ the telephone rang. 5)直到你告诉我,我才知道我错了。_______________________________________________. 题组5:翻译下列句子,注意倒装句式。 1)虽然他很累,他还是继续工作。Tired _________ he was, he went on ________. 2)虽然雨下得很大,足球比赛已经决定不推迟。______________________ the football match has been decided not to be put off. 3)那个男孩跑得如此快,以至于我赶不上他。______________________ I can’t catch up with him. 4)这朵花如此美,以致每个人都喜欢它。__________________________________________________. 5)一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。South of the river ____________________________ a small factory. 三、非谓语动词微技能写作训练 题组1:翻译下列句子,注意非谓语动词。 1)Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. ______________________________________________ 2)This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. ____________________________________________ 3)Not having received an answer, he decided to write again. _______________________________________

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