专业英语考试重点

这是考试范围，第一道大题选十个单词或词组，第二道答题选十个缩写词，第三道答题选六段翻译1.写出下列单词或词组的中文。

multimeter 万用表insulation 绝缘transistor 晶体管，三极管envelope 包络线spectrum 频谱

binary 二进制

antenna 天线harmonics 谐波attenuation 衰减capacitance 电容differential 微分bandwidth 带宽propagation 传播transmission 传输optical fiber 光纤

channel 信道

multiplex 多路复用

modulation 调制telecommunication 电信impairment 减损

sampling 抽样，取样

quantizing 量化

carrier 载波

encryption 加密

scheme 方案？计划？设计？系统？trade off 综合考虑？权衡？协调？state of art 技术发展水平performance 性能，效率

ULSI Very Large Scale Integration超大规模集成电路

fier Foundation for Instrumentation Education and Research 使用仪器教育和研究基金会

2.写出下列缩写的全称

DSBFC double-sideband full carrier双边带全载波调制

ITU International Telecommunications Union国际电信联盟

FFT Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶变换

IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform 逆快速傅立叶变换

LAN local area network 局域网

MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网

WAN Wide Area Network 广域网

WWW world wide web 全球网、万维网

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议

GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用无线分组业务

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange美国信息交换标准码

ISDN integrated services digital network 综合业务数字网

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line非对称数字用户环路

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 电气与电子工程师协会

ISO International Standardization Organization国际标准化组织

FET field-effect transistor 场效应管

USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线

GSM global system for mobile communication 全球移动通信系统

CPU CentralProcessingUnit 中央处理器

LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器

CDMA Code Division Multiple Accessing 码分多址技术

3. 将下列句子译成中文。

㈠The ratio of the capacitance with some material other than air between the plates, to the capacitance of the same capacitor with air insulation,is called the dielectric constant of that particular material.

电容器极板间充以非空气的某种材料时的电容与该电容器充以空气时的电容之比为该材料的介电常数。

㈡A design for a general purpose VLSI frequency synthesizer is presented. It is shown that a simple basic design can have a fully professional performance. Some of the special requirements placed on the VLSI technology are discussed.

提出了一个关于VLSI频率合成器通用用途的设计，表示出一个简单的基础的设计，可以有一个相当专业的性能，并且讨论了一些着眼于VLSI技术的特殊要求。

㈢The original source information can be in analog (continuous) form, such as the human voice or music, or in digital (discrete) form, such as binary-coded numbers or alphanumeric codes. All forms of information, however, must be converted to electromagnetic energy before being propagated through an electronic communications system.

原始的信息源既可以是模拟（连续）的形式，比如语音或者音乐，也可以是数字（离散）的形式，像二进制代码或者字符码。然而，所有形式信息在通过电子通讯系统传送之前，必须转换成电磁的能量。

㈣In addition, the signal processor may also add parity bits to the digital word to provide channel coding so that error detection and correction can be used by the signal processor in the receiver to reduce or eliminate bit errors that are caused by noise in the channel.

此外，信号处理器也许还会为数据字加入校验位来提供信道编码，以便误差检测和校正可以用在接收器的信号处理器中来减少或消除由信道噪声引起的误码。

㈤Information theory is a highly theoretical study of the efficient use of bandwidth to propagate information through electronic communications systems. Information theory can be used to determine the information capacity of a communications system. Information capacity is a measure of how much information can be transferred through a communications system in a given period of time.

信息定理是一个通过电子通讯系统有效利用带宽传送信息的高度理论性的研究。信息定理能够被用来决定一个通讯系统的信息容量。信息容量是衡量在给定的一段时间里，有多少信息能被通讯系统传递的一个方法。

㈥Modern communication systems use digital modulation techniques. Advancements in very large integration (VLSI) and digital signal processing (DSP) technology have made digital modulation less cost than analog transmission systems. Digital modulation offers many advantages over analog modulation.

现代通信系统采用的是数字调制技术。超大规模集成电路VLSI和DSP在技术上的进步，使数字调制比模拟传送系统花费更少。数字调制相比模拟调制有更多的优点。

㈦Some advantages include greater noise immunity and robustness to channel impairments, easier multiplexing of various forms of information (e. g., voice, data, and video), and greater security. Furthermore, digital transmissions accommodate digital error-control codes that detect and/or correct transmission errors, and support complex signal conditioning and processing techniques such as source coding, encryption, and equalization to improve the performance of the overall communication link.

一些优势包括更强的抗噪性和信道损伤的鲁棒性，更容易多路复用各种形式的信息（如音频，数据和视频），并且具有更高的安全性。此外，数据传输提供了数字错误控制码来检测和纠正传输错误，并且支持复杂的信号调节和处理技术，例如源编码，加密和均衡化，来提高整体通信连接的性能。

㈧Some modulation schemes are better in terms of the bit error rate performance, while others are better in terms of bandwidth efficiency. Depending on the demands of the particular application, tradeoffs are made when selection a digital modulation.

一些调制方法误码率低，而另一些调制方法却能有效地利用带宽。根据特殊应用的需要，当选择一个数字调制的时候需要综合考虑。

㈨Telecommunications are the transmission of words, sounds, images, or data in the form of electronic or electromagnetic signals or impulses. Transmission media include the telephone (using wire or optical cable), radio, television, microwave, and satellite. Data communication, the fastest growing field of telecommunication, is the process of transmitting data in digital form by wire or radio.

电信是指以电子的或电磁的信号、脉冲的形式传送文字，声音，图像或数据的传送装置。传输媒体包括电话（使用电线或电缆），收音机，电视，微波和卫星。在电信领域中发展最快的数据通信是通过有线或无线以数字的形式传送数据的过程。

㈩Digital data can be generated directly in a 1/0 binary code by a computer or can be produced from a voice or visual signal by a process called encoding. A data communications network is created by interconnecting a large number of information sources so that data can flow freely among them. The data may consist of a specific item of information, a group of such items, or computer instructions. Example includes a news item, a bank transaction, a mailing address, a letter, a book, a mailing list, a bank statement, or a computer program.

数字数据可以在1/0二进制代码上由计算机直接生成，或者可以由从一个声音或视觉信号中通过被称作编码的过程产生。数据通信网络由互联的大量的信息源创建，以便数据能够在其中自由流通。数据也许由一个信息的特定项，一组非常的项目或者计算机指令组成。例子包含一个新闻项目，一笔银行交易，一个寄件地址，一封信，一本书，一个邮件列表，一张银行结单或者一个计算机的程序。