新编英语语法教程

新编英语语法教程
新编英语语法教程

导论———语法层次

0.1 词素

1)自由词素

2)粘附词素

0.2 词

1)简单词、派生词、符合词

2)封闭词类和开放词类

0.3 词组

1)名词词组

2)动词词组

3)形容词词组

4)副词词组

5)介词词组

0.4分句

1)独立分句和从属分句

2)简单分句和复杂分句

3)主句和从句

4)限定分句、非限定性分句、无动词分句0.5 句子

1)完全句和不完全句

2)简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句

第1讲句子结构

1.1 主谓结构和句子分析

1)主语和谓语

2)句子分析

1.2 基本句型及其转换与扩大

1)基本句型

2)基本句型的转换与扩大

第2讲主谓一致(一)

2.1指导原则

1)语法一致

2)意义一致和就近原则

2.2 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题1)以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称

2)以-s结尾的学科名称

3)以-s结尾的地理名称

4)其他以-s结尾的名词

2.3 以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题

1) 通常作复数的集体名词

2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词

3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

4)a committee of 等+复数名词

第3讲主谓一致(二)

3.1 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题

1)由and/both... And 连接的并列主语

2)由or/nor/either...or 等连接的并列主语

3)主语+as much as 等

4)主语+as well as 等

3.2 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一直问题1)以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语

2) 以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语

3.3 其他方面的主谓一致问题

1)以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题

2)以非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题

3)关系分句中的主谓一致问题

4)分裂句中的主谓一致问题

5)存在句中的主谓一致问题

第4讲

4.1 名词分类和名词词组的句法功能

1)名词分类

2)名词词组的句法功能

4.2 名词的数

1)规则复数和不规则复数

2)集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词的数4.3 单位词

1)一般表示个数的单位词

2)表示形状的单位词

3)表示容积的单位词

4)表示动作状态的单位词

5)表示成双、成对、成群的单位词

第5讲

5.1 名词属格的构成、意义和用法

1)名词属格的构成

2)名词属格的意义

3)名词属格的用法

5.2 独立属格和双重属格

1)独立属格

2)双重属格

第6讲限定词(一)

6.1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系

1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词

2)只能与单数名词搭配的限定词

3)只能与复数名词搭配的限定词

4)只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词

5)能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词

6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词

7)能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词

6.2 限定词与限定词的搭配关系

1)中位、前位、后位限定词

2)三类限定词的搭配关系

6.3 若干限定词用法比较

1)many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等

2)(a) few ,(a) little

3) some, any.

4) all,both ,every,each ,either,neither,any

第7讲限定词(二)

7.1 冠词的类指和特指

1)冠词的类指用法

2)冠词的特指用法

3)后照应特指、前照应特指、语境特指

7.2 各类名词前的冠词用法

1)冠词与专有名词

2)冠词与普通名词

3)冠词的其他用法

第8讲代词(一)

8.1 代词及其先行项的“数的一致”

1)先行项为every-, some-等符合词时代词的选择2)先行项为某些并列结构时代词的选择

3)先行项为某些集体名词时代词的选择

4)先行项为“复数名词或代词+each”时代词的选择8.2 代词及其先行项的“性”的一致

1)先行项为阳性或阴性名词时代词的选择

2)先行项为通性名词时代词的选择

3)先行项为中性名词时代词的选择

8.3 代词及其先行项的“人称”一致

1)代词及其先行项在句中的人称一致

2)语篇中的人称一致

第9讲代词(二)

9.1 代词的格

1)用主格还是用宾格

2)用宾格还是用属格

9.2 物主代词、反身代词、人称代词的类指用法

1)物主代词

2)反身代词

3)人称代词的类指用法

9.3 代词照应

1)后照应、前照应、语境照应

2)人称照应

3)指示照应

第10讲

10.1 动词分类(一)

1)主动词和助动词

2)及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词3)动态动词和静态动词

10.2 动词分类(二)

4)单词动词和词组动词

5)限定动词和不限定动词

6)规则动词和不规则动词

10.3 动词的时、体、态、式该说

1)动词的时、体形式

2)主动态和被动态

3)陈述式、祈使式、虚拟式

4)限定动词词组和非限定动词词组

第11讲动词的时和体(一)

11.1 一般现在式的用法

1)表示不受时限的客观存在

2)表示现在习惯动作

3)表示现时状态和现在瞬间动作

4)表示将来时间

5)表示过去时间

11.2 一般过去时的用法

1)表示过去的时间

2)表示现在时间和将来时间

11.3 现在进行体的用法

1)表示说话时正在进行的动作

2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作

3)表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作4)现在进行体的其他用法

11.4 过去进行体的用法

1)表示过去某时正在进行的动作

2)表示过去某种习惯性动作

3)表示过去将来时间里的动作

4)表示现在时间和将来时间里的动作5)过去进行体与一般过去时用法比较

第12讲动词的时和体(二)

12.1 现在完成体和现在完成进行体的用法

1)现在完成体的用法

2)现在完成进行体的用法

3)现在完成(进行)体与过去时用法比较

12.2 过去完成体和过去完成进行体的用法

1)过去完成体的用法

2)过去完成进行体的用法

3)在由when/before/after/until等连词引导的分句中过去完成体的用法4)过去完成体的想象性用法

12.3关于完成体用法的几点补充说明

1)完成体与since-分句

2)完成体与have got /have got to

3)完成体在“It is the first time + that-分句”中的使用

第13 讲将来时间表示法

13.1 表示将来时间的多种结构

1)will/shall +不定式

2)will/shall +不定式进行体/完成体

3)be going to +不定式

4)be + ing (现在进行体)

5)be to + 不定式

6)一般现在时

13.2 过去将来时间表示法

1)would +不定式

2)was/ were going to +不定式

3)was/ were to + 不定式

4)过去进行体和一般过去式

5)was/ were about to + 不定式

第14 讲被动态(一)

14.1 主动句和被动句

1)主动句变被动句的转换规则

2)主动句与被动句相互转换的限制性

14.2 词组动词的被动态

1)一般词组动词的被动态

2)“动词+ 名词+介词”的被动态

14.3 非限定动词的被动态

1)不定式的被动态

2)-ing 分词的被动态

3)不定式被动态和-ing 分词被动态的用法比较

15.1 被动句的用法

1)被动句的使用场合

2)两种被动句型的转换

15.2 被动结构和被动意义

1)英汉被动意义表示法比较

2)主动结构表示被动意义的问题

3)被动结构还是系补结构

第16 讲虚拟式

16.1 be- 型虚拟式

1)用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that 分句中2)用于由if,though等引导的分局中

3)由于某些公式化语句中

16.2 were-型虚拟式

1)用于某些状语分句中

2)用于某些名词性分句中

16.3 假设意义表示法综述

1)用动词的过去时形态表示假设意义

2)用情态助动词过去时形式表示假设意义

第17 讲助动词(一)

17.1 情态意义表示法

1)表示“能力”和“可能”

2)表示“许可”和“不许”

3)表示“义务”和“必然”

4)表示“预见”和“推测”

5)表示“意愿”、“意图”和“决心”

6)其他情态意义

17.2 情态助动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法

1)能作推测性用法的情态助动词

2)能作推测性用法的情态助动词的句法特征

3)能作推测性用法的情态助动词与所指时间

第18 讲助动词(二)

18.1 半助动词

1)半助动词的类型

2)半助动词与“it...that”结构

18.2 助动词的缩略形式

1)否定缩略形式

2)肯定缩略形式

3)非缩略形式的使用场合

19.1 不定式的结构形式

1)不定式的一般形式、进行体和完成体形式

2)带to不定式与不带to不定式

19.2 关于不定式符号的几个问题

1)不定式符号的单独使用问题

2)不定式符号的省略问题

3)不定式符号to 与介词to的辨别问题

第20 讲不定式(二)

20.1 不定式与形容词的搭配关系

1)主句主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语

2)主句主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语

3)主句主语是不定式结构的逻辑主语或宾语

20.2 不定式与名词的搭配关系

1)主——动关系,动——宾关系、同位关系

2)用主动态还是用被动态

3)“名词+不定式”与“名词+介词+ing分词”20.3 不定式与动词的搭配关系

1)动词+不定式

2)动词+宾语+不定式

3)动词+(宾语)+不定式

第21 讲—ING分词

21.1 —ing分词与动词的搭配冠词

1)能带—ing分词而不能带不定式动词的动词

2)动词+宾语+介词+ing分词

21.2 既能直接带不定式又能直接带—ing分词的动词1)既能带不定式和--ing分词而意义无甚区别的动词2)既能带不定式和--ing分词而意义不同的动词

第22 讲---ED分词

22.1 --ed分词作前置修饰语

1)来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语

2)来自不及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语

22.2 -ed分词作补语

1)古英语遗留下来的几个—ed 分词的用法问题2)能带—ed分词作宾语补语的动词分类

22.3 关于“悬念分词”

1)“依着法则”和“悬念分词”

2)关于“悬念分词”的可接受性问题

第23 讲形容词和形容词词组23.1 形容词分类

1)单词形容词和复合形容词

2)中心形容词和外围形容词

3)动态形容词和静态形容词

4)等级形容词和非等级形容词23.2 形容词与分词

1)由—ing分词转化来的形容词2)有—ed分词转化来的形容词3)主动意义和被动意义

23.3 形容词(词组)作名词修饰语1)形容词(词组)的前置和后置2)补语形容词

3)形容词词组与关系分句

23.4 形容词词组作补语

1)形容词+介词词组

2)形容词+不定式

3)形容词+that-分句

第24 讲副词和副词词组

24.1 副词和副词词组的主要用法1)副词在词组中作修饰语

2)副词词组在句中作状语

24.2 兼有两种形式的副词

1)关于clean / cleanly 2)关于clear / clearly 3)关于close / closer 4)关于dead / deadly 5)关于direct / directly 6)关于easy / easily 7)关于fair / fairly 8)关于firm / firmly 9)关于high / highly 10)关于loud / loudly 11)关于pretty / prettily 12)关于right / rightly 13)关于sharp / sharply 14)关于slow / slowly 15)关于sure / surely

第25 讲比较等级和比较结构

25.1 形容词和副词的比较等级

1)形容词比较等级和最高级的规则形式

2)副词比较级和最高级的规则形式

3)形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式25.2 比较结构

1)as....as.....结构

2)more ....than 结构

3)“the + 形容词/副词最高级+比较范围”结构25.3 关于比较结构用法的补充说明

1)more....than结构的其他用法

2)not so...as 与not so much....as

3)not more / -er than 与no more / -er than 4)the more... the more与more and more

第26 讲介词和介词词组

26.1 介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配关系

1)介词与形容词的搭配

2)介词与动词的搭配

3)介词与名词的搭配

26.2 复杂介词

1)双词介词

2)三词介词

3)四词介词

26.3 介词词组与某些限定分句的转换关系

1)介词词组在意义上相当于that-分词

2)介词词组在意义上相当于状语分词

3)介词词组在意义上相当于关系分句

第27 讲陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句27.1 陈述句

1)肯定陈述句

2)否定陈述句

27.2 疑问句

1)一般疑问句

2)特殊疑问句

3)选择疑问句

4)附加疑问句

27.3 祈使句和感叹句

1)祈使句

2)感叹句

第28 讲存在句

28.1 存在句的结构特征

1)存在句的引导词

2)存在句的实义主语

3)存在句的谓语动词

28.2 存在句的非限定形式

1)作介词补足成分

2)作宾语

3)作主语和宾语

第29 讲IT- 句型

29.1 “虚义”it 和“先行”it

1)“虚义”it

2)“先行”it

29.2 “分裂句引导词”it

1)什么是分裂句

2)“分裂句引导词”it与“先行”it

3)“拟似”分裂句

第30 讲

30.1 并列结构的各种形式

1)并列结构的构成

2)并列连词和标点符号

3)并列结构中的插入语

4)并列结构中的对称组合

30.2 并列连词的意义和用法

1)以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词

2)以or为代表的表示选择的并列连词

3)以but为代表的表示语义转折和对比的并列连词

第31讲从属结构(一)

31.1 并列与从属

1)从属是语义上分清主次的手段

2)从属连词

31.2 限定从属分句

1)名词性分句

2)形容词性分句(关系分句)

3)副词性分句(状语分句)

31.3 关于状语分句的几点补充说明

1)when,while,as,before,after,until的用法2)because,for,since,as, now that结构

3)关于so that 和so ... that 结构

4)关于unless 和if...not

5)关于though 和although

第32讲从属结构(二)

32.1 不定式分句

1)不定式分句的结构模式

2)不定式分句的句法功能

32.2 -ing分词分句

1)-ing分词分句的结构模式

2)-ing分词分句的句法功能

32.3 -ed分词分句

1)-ed分词分句的结构模式

2)-ed分词分句的句法功能

32.4 无动词分句

1)无动词分句的结构模式

2)无动词分句的句法功能

32.5 关于“独立结构”

1)“独立结构”的实质和类型

2)“独立结构”的用法和意义

第33 讲关系分句

33.1 限制性关系分句和非限制性关系分句1)限制性关系分句

2)非限制性关系分句

33.2 关系词的选择

1)在限制性关系分句中关系代词的选择

2)在限制性关系分句中关系代词的其他用法3)在非限制性关系分句中关系代词的选择4)关系词的省略问题

33.3 由“介词+关系代词”引导的分句结构1)由“介词+关系代词”引导的限定分句2)由“介词+关系代词”引导的非限定分句33.4 双重关系分句和嵌入式关系分句

1)双重关系分句

2)嵌入式关系分句

第34 讲条件句

34.1 第一种类型条件句(Type 1 )

1)表示普遍真理和客观事实

2)表示现在习惯动作

3)表示过去习惯动作

34.2 第二种类型条件句(Type 2 )

1)第二种类型条件句的基本形式

2)第二种类型条件句的变体形式

3)第二种类型条件句的替换形式

34.3 第三种类型条件句(Type 3 )

1)第三种类型条件句的基本形式

2)第三种类型条件句的变体形式

34.4 第四种类型条件句(Type 4 )

1)第四种类型条件句的基本形式

2)第四种类型条件句的变体形式

第35 讲直接引语和间接引语

35.1 陈述句的间接引语

1)现在时间推移到过去时间

2)过去时间推移到过去的过去

3)将来时间推移到过去将来时间

4)人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化35.2 疑问句的间接引语

1)疑问句间接引语的引导词问题

2)疑问句间接引语的交际功能问题

35.3 祈使句和感叹句的间接引语

1)祈使句的间接引语

2)感叹句的间接引语

35.4 各类句子混杂使用时的间接引语

1)根据表意需要增添词语

2)根据表意需要调整句子结构或改变说法

第36 讲修饰

36.1 名词修饰语

1)前置修饰语和后置修饰语

2)限定性修饰语和非限定性修饰语

3)分隔修饰

36.2 同位语

1)名词词组同位语的结构形式

2)名词词组同位语的引导词

3)名词词组同位语的附加修饰成分

4)限定性同位语和非限定性同位语

36.3 状语

1)修饰性状语

2)评注性状语

3)连接性状语

第37 讲替代

37.1 名词性替代

1)什么是名词性替代

2)替代词one / ones 的用法

3)替代词one ,类指代词one和数词one

4)替代词one / ones 和实义词one /ones

37.2 动词性替代

1)什么是动词性替代

2)动词替代词的用法

37.3 分句性替代

1)什么是分句性替代

2)分句替代词的用法

第38 讲省略

38.1 并列结构中的省略现象

1)并列句中的省略现象

2)名词词组中的省略现象

3)介词词组中的省略现象

38.2 主从结构中的省略现象

1)主句中的省略现象

2)状语分句中的省略现象

3)名词性that-分句中的省略现象

4)名词性wh-分句中的省略现象

第39 讲后置、前置、倒装

39.1 后置

1)句尾焦点和句尾重心

2)关键词语的后置

39.2 前置与倒装

1)不引起倒装的前置

2)引起倒装的前置

第40 讲从句到篇

40.1 句子和语篇

1)句子的意义和交际功能

2)句子结构的正确性和适合性

40.2 语篇纽带

1)连句成篇的逻辑纽带

2)连句成篇的语法纽带

3)连句成篇的语汇纽带

40.3 语篇结构——句子、语段、语篇

1)什么是语段

2)从语段到语篇

40.4 主题语段和辅助语段

1)单语段语篇和多语段语篇

2)主题语段(或主题句)和辅助语段(或辅助句)

新编英语语法教程(第6版)练习参考答案

新编英语语法教程(第6版)第21讲练习参考答案Ex. 21A was sorry to learn… will be sad to hear… would be very surprised to receive… is happy to have found… was afraid to go… was pleased to hear… am very anxious to meet you. were delighted to receive your telegram. were sensible to stay indoors. clerk was prompt to answer the call. rule is easy to remember. are reluctant to leave this neighbourhood. house is difficult to heat. you ready to leave would be foolish to go out in this weather. is quick to see the point. is very keen to get on. are proud to have him as a friend. was rude not to answer your letter. are happy to have you with us this evening. Ex. 21B decision to resign surprised all of us. showed no inclination to leave.

新编英语语法教程

导论———语法层次 0.1 词素 1)自由词素 2)粘附词素 0.2 词 1)简单词、派生词、符合词 2)封闭词类和开放词类 0.3 词组 1)名词词组 2)动词词组 3)形容词词组 4)副词词组 5)介词词组 0.4分句 1)独立分句和从属分句 2)简单分句和复杂分句 3)主句和从句 4)限定分句、非限定性分句、无动词分句0.5 句子 1)完全句和不完全句 2)简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句 第1讲句子结构 1.1 主谓结构和句子分析 1)主语和谓语 2)句子分析 1.2 基本句型及其转换与扩大 1)基本句型 2)基本句型的转换与扩大 第2讲主谓一致(一) 2.1指导原则 1)语法一致 2)意义一致和就近原则 2.2 以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题1)以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称 2)以-s结尾的学科名称 3)以-s结尾的地理名称 4)其他以-s结尾的名词 2.3 以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题 1) 通常作复数的集体名词 2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词 3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 4)a committee of 等+复数名词

第3讲主谓一致(二) 3.1 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题 1)由and/both... And 连接的并列主语 2)由or/nor/either...or 等连接的并列主语 3)主语+as much as 等 4)主语+as well as 等 3.2 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一直问题1)以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 2) 以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语 3.3 其他方面的主谓一致问题 1)以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题 2)以非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题 3)关系分句中的主谓一致问题 4)分裂句中的主谓一致问题 5)存在句中的主谓一致问题 第4讲 4.1 名词分类和名词词组的句法功能 1)名词分类 2)名词词组的句法功能 4.2 名词的数 1)规则复数和不规则复数 2)集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词的数4.3 单位词 1)一般表示个数的单位词 2)表示形状的单位词 3)表示容积的单位词 4)表示动作状态的单位词 5)表示成双、成对、成群的单位词 第5讲 5.1 名词属格的构成、意义和用法 1)名词属格的构成 2)名词属格的意义 3)名词属格的用法 5.2 独立属格和双重属格 1)独立属格 2)双重属格 第6讲限定词(一) 6.1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系 1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词 2)只能与单数名词搭配的限定词 3)只能与复数名词搭配的限定词

新编英语语法教程第练习参考答案

新编英语语法教程(第6版)第16讲练习参考答案 Ex. 16A 1. This topic has been talked about … 2. It will then be dealt with … 3. The children weren’t properly looked after. 4. Has this matter been looked into? 5. Are you being attended to? 6. Smith’s warehouse was broken into … 7. My application has been turned down. 8. This question will be brought up … 9. The trains were held up by fog. 10. Your argument is not borne out by the facts. 11. Their stories are made up. 12. The application has been filled in incorrectly. 13. The scheme was thought out carefully. 14. The prices were put up. 15. Your photographs will be blown up well. 16. The recorded programmes can be played back. 17. These interruptions were put up with. 18. His retirement is being looked forward to very much. 19. The responsibilities are being faced up to badly. 20. He was looked up to by everyone. 21. This piece of legislation had been done away with reluctantly. 22. They weren’t taken in by her story. 23. I was got through the written papers by special coaching. 24. He will be seen off at the airport by all the ministers. 25. If it rains, the match will have to be put off … Ex.16B 1. Couldn’t someone be asked to do the word privately without being known? 2. They were shocked by the boy’s rudeness, which was put down to his having been spoiled by his parents. 3. … that the picture had been stolen. 4. The question was put to debate, but on very few occasions was a question fully debated in Parliament. 5. … and martial law was declared. The army put down the rebellion and declared martial law. 6. He wanted the information to be treated as confidential … 7. … and the proceeds will be shared among his family. 8. All the members should have an equal right to speak and to vote. Only in this way could they make the law effectively. 9. Having been ignored for many years, … 10. Should it be proved beyond doubt that the fire was caused by an accident, the man being held on suspicion of arson will be released. 11. On being informed that he was wanted by the police, the man realized that he had been betrayed by his accomplice. 12. … it was found that most of its fittings had been stripped and the air had been let out of the tyres. 13. …, but it had to be cancelled at the last minute because of a cabinet crisis. 14. The fire was finally got under control, but not before it had caused extensive damage / but not

新编英语语法教程第六版练习参考答案

新编英语语法教程(第六版)第02讲练习参考答案 Ex. 2A 1. SVC Within the stricken area, not a single soul remained alive, and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by monster steam-roller. 2. SV The bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the ground. 3. SVO On August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima. 4. SvoO Three days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow. 5. SVOC The explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expense of reddish rubble. 6. SV A Within the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of expanding gas, millions of degrees hot. 7. SVOA A tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone, concrete, metal, and wood over the ground.

新编英语语法教程期末考试试卷

大学英语语法模拟试题 1. Mr. and Mrs. Burns feel more comfortable on a ship than they would be if they ______________any other way. A. would travel B. travelled C. are travelling D. have travelled 2. We______________ that Jim be there. A. hope B. wish C. expect D .ask 3. Lucy is glad she didn’t stay on the farm. She______________ bored. A. may be B. will be C. could be D. might have been 4. The dean of studies would have come to see you had it been possible, but he ______________so busy then. A. had been B. was C. were D. would be 5. They would certainly have come and helped us ______________time. A. did they have B. had they had C. had they have D would they have 6. If you were in better health, we______________ you to join in the work last week. A. would have allowed B. would allow C. should allow D. had allowed 7. She cried for her______________ lover. A. departed B. being departed C. departing D. having departed 8. ______________ in an important examination, one of the students in his class lost interest in his work A. Failing B. Failed C. Having been failed D. Having Failed 9. If it______________ tomorrow, I’ll stay at home. A. rained B. will rain C. had rained D. rains 10. “It’s getting very late.”“Yes, it’s time______________.” A. that we left B. we leave C. we’ll leave D. we have left a bus to go there, but he preferred to walk.

《新编英语语法教程》语法术语精编

《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语Introduction: Grammatical Hierarchy (导论—语法层次) 2. Parts of speech (word class) 3. Phrases 词组 4. Clause 分句 5. Sentence 句子 1. Morpheme 词素 Free morpheme 自由词素 Bound morpheme 粘附词素 Allomorph 词素变体 Noun phrase Verb phrase Adjective phrase Adverb phrase Preposition phrase Conjunction

Lecture 1 Sentence Structure(L1)Sentence elements: S (subject) 主语V (predicate verb) 谓语动词 O (object) 宾语 C (complement) 补足语 A (Adverbial) 状语 1. Two ways of sentence analysis 1) SVO Sentence Clause NP VP NP Subject Predicate verb Object All the man have done their best. Sentence = Subject + Predicate (Predicate Verb + Object, Complement, Adverbial, etc.) ●句子由主语和谓语构成,进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。 2) Subject + Predicate (= operator + predication) Sentence Clause Subject Predicate Operator Predication All the man have done their best. ●句子由主语和谓语构成,进一步把谓语剖析为操作词(operator)和述谓成分(predication)。 2. Basic clause types SVC, SV, SV A, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SV oO Lecture 2 Subject-Verb Concord (L2-3) Guiding principles: Grammatical Concord Notional Concord Principle of Proximity 语法一致原则意义一致原则就近原则 Nominal clause Non-finite clause Relative clause Cleft sentence Existential clause 名词性分句非限定分句关系分句分裂句存在句Lecture 3 Noun and Noun Phrase(L4-5) 1. Classification of nouns

新编英语语法教程(第六版)第03讲练习参考答案

新编英语语法教程(第六版)第03讲练习 参考答案 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

新编英语语法教程(第六版)第03讲练习参考答案Ex. 3A 1.Naturally, I will have to… 2.Frankly, I was… 3.Clearly, there has been… 4.Fortunately, Roberts returned the cheque. 5.Oddly enough, he did not… 6.Not unreasonably, he protested… 7.Interestingly, he neve r knew that he… 8.Hopefully, the two sides may… 9.Quite obviously, he does not want to… 10.Strangely enough, the burglar had not taken… 11.Sure enough, a solution will be… 12.Rightly, the Chinese people protested… 13.Even more important, we ought to put… 14.Surely, I have met before. 15.To our regret, he refused our invitation. 16.Luckily, someone managed to find me. 17.You telephoned the hospital first, quite rightly. 18.Foolishly, the girl did not ask your name. 19.Understandably, her appointment had not been confirmed. 20.Curiously, the dog never barked. Ex. 3B 1.moreover 2.In other words 3.Also 4.In other words/That is to say 5.In that case 6.Still 7.however 8.Actually 9.So 10.Nevertheless 11.after all 12.Furthermore 13.for all that 14.conversely 15.consequently 16.As a result 17.then 18.therefore 19.Besides

新编英语语法教程期末考试试卷.doc

大学英语语法模似试题 1. Mr. and Mrs. Burns feel more comfortable on a ship than they would be if they any other way. A. would travel B. travelled C. are travelling D. have travelled 2. We that Jim be there. A. hope B. wish C. expect D .ask 3. Lucy is glad she didn^ t stay on the farm. She bored. A. may be B. will be C. could be D. might have been 4. The dean of studies would have come to see you had it been possible, but he so busy then. A. had been B. was C. were D. would be 5. They would certainly have come and helped us time. A. did they have C. had they have 6. If you were in better health, wc. A. would have allowed C. should allow 7. She cried for her A. departed B. being departed C. departing D. having departed _____________ in an important examination, one of the students in his class lost interest in his work A. Failing B. Failed C. Having been failed D. Having Failed 9. Tf it _____________ tomorrow, P 11 stay at home. A. rained B. will rain C. had rained D. rains 10. “Tt’ s getting very late. n “Yes, it’ s time __________________________ . ” A. that we left B. we leave C. we^ 11 leave D. we have 1 eft 1 Ule ______________ a bus to go there, but he preferred to walk. A. should have taken B. could take C. could have taken IX hadn^ t taken 12. _____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday- A. Tn spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 13- _____________ , we can hardly get to the station by sixclock. A. As it wi 11 be B. As it seemed C. As it is D. As if it seems 14. We hung out a lantern lest he ___________________ lost in the mist. A. gets B. get C. will get D. got 15- Tt is quite natural that such fears _______________________ . A. rise B. should arise C. should rise D. are arisen 16. Pm sorry to _________________ your private thoughts, but T think we should get on with some work. A. break in B. break on C. break in on D. break out 17. Do you think he will_________________ a cook wearing that hat? pass for B> pass as C. pass through D. pass on B. had they had D would they have ___________ you to join in the work last week. B. would allow D. had allowed 1 over. 8.

新编英语语法教程(第6版)第10讲练习参考答案

新编英语语法教程(第 6 版)第 10 讲练习参考答案 Ex. 10A When it comes to making a conscious effort to help keep a public place clean, most people just don ’ t make the effort. I ’ m a maintenance man for a department store. If people did make the effort, I probably wouldn ’ t haveob. a j The area that I have to spend the most time cleaning is the employees ’lunchroom . Employees go there during breaks, lunch, and dinner. The maintenance department supplies containers for garbage and ashtrays for cigaret te butts. But when they finish their food the employees will either throw their papers on the floor or leave them on the table. Some employees will on occasion throw their papers in the garbage container, but most of them who smoke will eithe r flick their ashes on the floor or in the half-filled soda cups. Cigarette butts are found anywhere other than in the ashtray, because the ashtrays may have been stolen or have been filled with gum. Sometimes an employee will remark, “ Aren ’ t these people pigs? They don ’ t even up after themselves,” as they proceed to walk away fromtheir littered table. Ex. 10B 1. its 2. his, he 3. them 4. it has 5. it, it has to 6. its / their 7. its8. him / them 9. he is / they are 10. it 11. it 12. his / their 13. isn’ t it14. take / takes 15. his / their 16. has, her 17. their 18. has, his 19. they, themselves 20. tends, itself Ex. 10C 1. it / she 2. It 3. it / her 4. her 5. his / one ’ s, he / one, his / one ’ s

新编英语语法教程(第6版)练习参考答案

新编英语语法教程(第6版)第21讲练习参考答案 Ex. 21A 1.I was sorry to learn… 2.You will be sad to hear… 3.They would be very surprised to receive… 4.She is happy to have found… 5.I was afraid to go… 6.Bob was pleased to hear… 7.I am very anxious to meet you. 8.We were delighted to receive your telegram. 9.You were sensible to stay indoors. 10.The clerk was prompt to answer the call. 11.This rule is easy to remember. 12.We are reluctant to leave this neighbourhood. 13.Our house is difficult to heat. 14.Are you ready to leave? 15.You would be foolish to go out in this weather. 16.John is quick to see the point. 17.He is very keen to get on. 18.We are proud to have him as a friend. 19.I was rude not to answer your letter. 20.We are happy to have you with us this evening. Ex. 21B 1.His decision to resign surprised all of us. 2.He showed no inclination to leave. 3.Her resolution never to marry baffled all offers of love. 4.The City Council approved the proposal to build a new dam on the river. 5.Their readiness to accept the peace arrangement really surprised the diplomatic world. 6.He refused the invitation to write another article on the subject. 7.The people of a country should have the freedom to choose their own social system. 8.There is no need for you to start so early. 9.I am not under the obligation to render him any financial support. 10.They have the ability to wage biological warfare. 11.He is not a man to be frightened by the threat of war. 12.There are plans to be made at once. 13.This is a day never to be forgotten. 14.Give me the names of the people to contact. 15.The next train to arrive is from Edinburgh. 16.The last problem to be considered at our next meeting is how to invest the money. 17.Was Cortes the first European ever to see the Pacific Ocean?

新编英语语法教程第6版-语法6-9讲-答案

新编英语语法教程第06讲练习参考答案 Ex. 6A (4A) 1. description 2. arrangement 3. attendance 4. peculiarity 5. expectation 6. argument 7. dependence 8. originality 9. exaggeration 10. measurement 11. purity 12. persistence 13. extension 14. statement 15. generosity 16. entrance 17. loneliness 18. forgetfulness 19. happiness 20. seriousness Ex. 6B (6E) 1. How much work have you done this morning? 2. To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour. 3. He’s done the least work. 4. There are several methods of approaching this problem. 5. I know little French. 6. There must be less empty talk but more practical work. 7. Were there many people at the reception? 8. May I have a few words with you? 9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday. 10. Harry made the fewest mistakes. 11. You’ve lear nt more poetry and done more exercises than I have. 12. Jack’s done the most work and made the most mistakes. 13. He’s done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes. 14. A millionaire has lots of money—and lots of worries. 15. Anna has enough worries b ecause she hasn’t got enough money. 16. The telephone rang every few minutes. 17. We have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days. 18. Both his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2006. 19. Soon we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks. 20. My brother spent $ 500 for a second-hand car, but I spent almost twice the amount for the same stuff. 新编英语语法教程第07讲练习参考答案 Ex. 7A 1.experience

新编英语语法教程+第24讲+练习参考答案

新编英语语法教程第24讲练习参考答案 Ex. 24A 1. scientifically explored / explored scientifically 2. Scientifically, the argument was absurd / … was absurd scientifically. 3. I simply do not understand you. 4. … if I speak simply. 5. He made me thoroughly angry. 6. … have thoroughly studied… / studied this chapter thoroughly. 7. … much appreciate… 8. … very much appreciate it / appreciate it very much. 9. Honestly, I mean what I say / I honestly mean… / I mean honestly… 10. …alw ays writes to me honestl y. 11. …answer the question generally. 12. Generally, these questions are not… / … can generally … / …answer most of them generally. 13. …to apply practically.

14. …are practically impossible to … 15. This is hardly my business / This hardly is… 16. I can hardly hear you. 17. I can just hear you. 1 18. …is only for your ears / … is for your ears only. 19. …for your ears alone. 20. Will you kindly come this way? 21. …spoke to her kindly. 22. I also spoke to her mother. / I s poke al so… / Also, I spoke… 23. I spoke to her mother as well. 24. The house badly needs repainting / …repainting badly. 25. …painted it badly. 26. …badly painted / …painted badly. 27. …live economically. 28. Somehow we have to manage / We have to manage somehow.

新编英语语法教程第15讲练习参考答案

Lecture 15 Ex. 15A 1. Now they are started … 2.… but one of the firemen … 3.… which we … 4.…. It was decided … 5.…. a nd passengers and crew … 6.… they can be built … 7. Measurements of wind speed …8.… and I was earning … Ex. 15B 1. It is thought that … / He is thought to be coming. 2. It is believed that …/ He is believed to be … 3. It is known that … /You are known to have been … 4. It is understoo d that …/ She is understood to have been … 5. It is supposed that … / He is supposed to be … 6. It is said that the murderer … /The murderer is said to be hiding … 7. It is reported that … / unidentified flying objects are reported to have been seen … 8. It is rumoured that … /He is rumoured to have escaped … 9. It is expect ed that … / Electricity supply is expected to be … 10. It is known that he is … / He is known to be … 11. Very little is felt to have been done … 12. The President is expected to speak … 13. He is said to have been … 14. The murderer is said to be hiding /to have been hiding … 15. The expedition is known to have reached … 16. The ship is reported to have been sunk. 17. You are expected to leave … 18. N is known to be preparing … 19. All the miners are feared to be … 20. Both sides are understood to have agreed … Ex. 15C 1.It is said that she can speak several foreign languages/ She is said to be able to speak several foreign languages. 2.It is known that many people are homeless after the earthquake / Many people are known to be homeless after the earthquake. 3.It is understood that this is the result of recent negotiations / This is understood to be … 4.It is thought that she has recovered / She is thought to have recovered. 5.It is expected that the President will make an announcement / The President is expected to make an announcement. 6.Will this question be discussed tomorrow morning 7.It can be done right away. 8.Has this motion been adopted 9.The reservoir is going to be completed ahead of schedule. 10.Some new songs are being taught now over the radio.

相关文档
最新文档