中考英语书面表达的几点分析与建议

中考英语书面表达的几点分析与建议
中考英语书面表达的几点分析与建议

xx英语书面表达的几点分析与建议

中考英语书面表达试题属综合运用型的试题,考查学生对英语语言基本知识的运用程度,是整套英语试题的“压轴题”。中考英语作文可分为两大类:一是命题作文,如My school/family/class/hometown等;二是材料作文,其特点是给出特定的书面材料并用所给出的语言材料或信息来确凿地记述、描写、转达某一活动的内容或动机,从而达到书面语言交际的目的,包括英文书信、日记、英文请假条、便条、英文讲稿、发言稿、介绍、英文通知、看图写话等。

近年我省各市的中考英语作文基本上是材料作文。

引言:书面表达的考查给学生提供了用英语表达自己的观点和愿望的空间。

既考查学生的语言基本功,又考查学生综合运用语言的能力。在平时的课堂教学中,对写的训练要从入门时期抓起,按照“词-句-段-篇”的训练程序,由易到难,循序渐进,通过采用抄写、默写、听写、仿写、汉译英、看图写话、给材料作文等例外形式,训练学生的写作。

在复习阶段,还应就一些中学生熟悉的话题或者亲身参与过的活动作为素材进行写作练习,书信、电子邮件、求职信函等应用文体也不容忽视。材料作文要给学生创设语境,题材应属于“有话可说,有话想说,有话能说”。

在中考英语科的考试中,书面表达仍是不少学生最单薄的环节,相当一部分学生提笔无话可写或一写就错,危机影响了中学英语素质教育的发展。因此,我们有必要认真分析学生在书面表达中存在的一些带普遍性的问题。帮助他们提高这方面的动手能力。从大量的学生习作中不难发现,书面表达题主要存在以下五个方面的问题:

缺主语,缺谓语,或主要句子成份不全,“系表”不分。

不遵循英语句式要求,按汉语思维或习惯拼凑中国式英语。

如:There are many people study interested in the film TITANIC.用错时态,写错动词的形式,第三人称单数形式漏加“S”。写作时想不到应考虑动作发生的时间例外,主语是否是谓语所表示动作的执行者,应用例外的时态、语态去描

述。如:I have an important meeting yesterday. He found that a bag of corn hass tolen from his house.

表现在“主谓一致,名词单复数,单词拼写及大小写等方面”。如:The carhitted the old man anddived is one of the causes of heart way people keep dogs have changed.

不能正确使用名词的单复数、人称代词的各种关系;名词当动词用或动词当名词用;不能把握副词与形容词的正确使用。

写作的人称、文体格式、标点、大小写、单词拼写错误,遗漏或遗忘所给材料的严重提示或要点,书写的英文字母不够规范、卷面草率。

词、句子或段落之间缺少必要的虚词文章显得支离破碎;往往出现有头无尾,要点不全,或不紧扣主题,随意发挥;格式不规范书写草率,卷面不整齐。

英语是一门实践性综合性极强的科目。“书面表达”是最能反应学生英语综合水平的题型,在训练书面表达时要注意先分析题材,领会要求,不漏掉要点,用自己最有把握的语句表达出来,避免使用繁复的长句,注意调整句式与顺序。要提高学生“书面表达”的能力。必须进行专门训练,分项指导,狠抓备考。

《新概念英语》(第二册)的前言中有这样一句话:“Nothings hould bewrittenbefore it has been read.”意思是“无所读便无所写”。这句话道出了读写的内在联系。对于在多数处在非英语环境中的中国学生来说,学写英文只能靠去读、去模仿英美人实际使用的语言。在教学实践中,我们发现,“读、记、练、比、写”五步训练法在养成学生用英语思维的习惯,提高书面表达能力上比较实用有用。

“读”即选读一些精品短文或材料,或往届中考题的书面表达参考答案,这类文章语言规范、地道,文字短小精悍,学了就能派上用场。除此之外还要求学生正确发出每个单词的音,流利读出每句英文外,更要求学生正确理解每句英文的意思,为下一步“记”扫清障碍。“记”指背诵。书面表达难就难在我们头脑中汉语表达习惯,要克服汉语干扰,彻底从学生的大脑中赶走“中国式英语”,

仅靠理解熟读英语短文还不够,必须通过“背诵”才能使“地道的英语表达法”深深印在学生的脑子里。

“练”,即口头反复操练所学短文中出现的多见句型和习惯用语,以求达到烂熟于心,脱口而出的程度。因为所写英文句子主要成分是否残破,是否有英语味,是否地道,在很大程度上取决于对英语习惯用语和句型的掌握程度。

“比”即对比。在经过“读、记、练”三个环节的学习一篇短文之后,采用对比的方法对所学语言进行对比、分析和讲解,有利于学生对所学内容有个“居高临下”的全面地正确认识,及时避免了“鹦鹉学舌”、“死记硬背”的毛病。如相似句子或结构的对比;词法使用例外的对比;例外形式表达同一内容的对比。

“写”,出这儿的“写”有两层含义:一是指“默写”所记忆、背诵的英语短文,以检查、巩固“读、记、练、比”的效果;其二,是指试着去写类似的材料或内容的英语小作文,实现用英语思维的能力和活用英语、进行书面表达的能力。

经过坚持不懈的地运用“五步法”专门训练之后,学生的书面表达基本功大凡都有较为结壮,在此基础上,针对平时暴露出来的弱点,再进行分项指导,积极备考,会收到事半功倍的效果。用足所给材料,写作最简单的英文句子,千万别漏了所给的“要点材料”。很多学生一到考试就什么都忘了,只知道要抓紧时间做题目,却忽略了做题目之前最严重的是,要知道:“磨刀不误砍柴功”。

重视连词、介词等虚词的使用

虚词通常被同学们重视,认为只要掌握好实词就可以了,其实,虚词并不虚。例如,定冠词the的基本含义是特指;a;an可表示一个这一概念;in;on;of 表达的含义就更丰盛了。有的除了他们本身的含义外,还能起连拦作用。如and 在大凡英语文章中使用频率相当高,这是因为and在表现事物的逻辑关系,动作相互连接,事件表述的连惯性以及段落之间的有机组合等方面发挥着其它词无法替代的作用。可见英语虚词在书面表达中的运用,确能提高学生运用语言的技能,也是书面表达备考的严重内容之一。

引导学生从审题开始就注意审定时态从时空特征上看,确立句子中“动词的时态及动词的书写形式”最严重:依据文义或句子的意义,确定使用正确的时态

并使用确凿的动词形式。“干”什么,什么“时间、环境、条件”下“干”的,要明确动词的时态,一旦动词的时态使用错误,加上主语不明确,基本上就“完”了。

有时不止是只用一种时态,要用二、三种时态。中考常考的时态有:①、大凡现在时;②、大凡过去时;③大凡将来时;④现在完成时。值得注意的是,在一篇书面表达中,除应注意所用的主要时态以外还应注意时态的转换:描定“今昔”对比情况时,既要用现在时,又要用过去时;描写人物外表性格时应用现在时,描写其事迹时,应用过去时,强调结果时,应用现在完成时;某些动词只有主动语态,那就不能用被动语态。

有些学生的英语基本功较结壮,句式、时态、要点等方面不会失分,但却简易在开头和收尾两处由于“偏离主题,随意发挥”而失分。高考书面表达现在分为两种类型:一是限制性作文;二是开放性作文。但无论是哪一类型,大凡说来,开头应采用“开门见山”法,收尾应用一至二句干净利落收尾。

切不可开头洋洋洒洒,好一阵子不能切入正题,而收尾却潦草率草,甚至没有收尾句。

在临近中考时,适时对学生进行“书面表达”的备考训练,有利于提高学生书面表达式的实战能力。备考训练主要是对学生就一篇短文写作过程的演示与讲解。以图示题为例,可分以下四个步骤进行:“一看、二译、三串、四修正”。即“一看”,即根据所掌握的内容要点。“二译”,着手逐一试译,在翻译过程中,不要硬译,应根据自己的实际水平扬长避短,避难就易。可采取“不求形式,但求意合,正说有疑,反面着手,一法不成,另找他径的方法”。“三串”,即将上述试译的句子,再合适增加细节串通。“四修正”即根据串通后初步写成的书面材料认真修改并检查。最后要检查是否有拼写、标点、时态等方面的错误,还有,学生还要力求书面整齐。

综上所述,要提高学生书面表达的能力。一定要立足于平时打牢基础,练好基本功;二要研究中考书面表达的要求,重视技巧训练;三要适时进行备考训练,这样,学生书面表达能力就会稳步提高。

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