自考《英语二》2012版-课程代码00015-课文英汉对照

Unit 1 The Power of Language

Text A

Pre-reading Questions

1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?

2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?

Critical Reading

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying ,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.

批判性阅读

批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。

Question assertion s made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.

Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.

质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够

的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。

Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.

与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。

Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated.

This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.

分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。

Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this , be certain that the sources are credible.

For example, Einstein’ is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。

Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat2or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is,take what is written with “a grain of salt.”

甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。

By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.

1.成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。

2.通过做一个有批判性的读者，你会成为一个更加有见识和学问的人，并可能适当的改变你自己的观念。

Text B

Pre-reading Questions

1.Are there any words that make you feel confident or diffident?

2.Do you believe that language can influence people’s thought? Give some examples.

The Language of Confidence

The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.

自信的语言

语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。

Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and if doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it – whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.

再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。

“Try”

It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, “I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How

often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say “I’ll try to be more confident” or “I’ll try to do that” or “I’ll try to call”?

“尽力”

这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，你知道他其实并不打算全心全意做这件事，甚至可能根本不会去做。你有多少次在谈论对于你非常重要的事时使用了“尽力”这个词?你是否说过“我会尽力做到更加自信”、“我会尽力去做这件事”或者“我会尽力去呼喊”?

Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, “I’ll try to … “ and notice how you feel. Next say, “ I will do … “ and see how you feel.

想一件你想完成的事情，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说“我会尽力去做……”，然后注意你会有什么感受。再对自己说“我要做……”，然后看你又会有什么感受。

The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it ? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.

后一种方式给你的感受要比前一种好，不是吗?它给你一种坚定感，一种事情一定会完成的感觉。听听你身边的人怎么说，如果他们说他们会尽力，看看事情最后是不是完成了。从你的词典里删除“尽力”这个词，看看你的生活会如何改善。

“Can’t”

This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.

“不能”

这又是一个简单却影响巨大的词。它让我们失去力量，让我们感到脆弱与无助，让我们的自尊心受到伤害。它限制了我们无限的才能，扼杀了我们的创造力。把这个词从你内心的词典里擦去吧，换一个让你感到伟大的词。

Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose… “ or “ I choose not to … “. Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.

不要说你“不能”，为什么不换一个别的说法，比如“我选择……”或者“我选择不……”。使用这些词能让你恢复力量，掌控自己的生活。

Words may appear small and insignificant,yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.

一些词语或许看似简单、微不足道，却能对我们产生深刻而持久的影响。掌握你的语言能让你获得力量去实现你渴望的生活。

What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!

你使用过哪些让你失去力量的词?列出你常用的这类词，然后在旁边写出它们的替代词。让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对正在做的事情感觉无限美好吧!

Unit 2 Mistakes to Success

Text A

Pre-reading Questions

1.Did you make any mistakes on your way to success? Give some examples.

2.Do you believe that making mistakes is a necessary ingredient for success? Explain.

Spilt milk

Have you heard of the story about spilt milk? Will, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.

打翻的牛奶

你是否听过打翻的牛奶的故事?我们都知道为已经打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。不过这次的故事不同。我希望所有父母都能作出如此回应。

I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?

最近我听到一个故事，故事的主角是一个在医学领域取得多项重大突破的知名科学家。在一次报社记者对他的采访中，记者问他为什么他比普通人更富有创造力，是什么让他如此与众不同。

He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when

he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he

lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor – a veritable sea

of milk!

他回答道，在他看来，这全部源于他两岁时和妈妈的一次共同的经历。他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有

抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是——白花花的一片。

When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”

他妈妈走进厨房时，没有对他大吼大叫，没有训斥他或惩罚他，而是对他说：“罗伯特，瞧你把地板弄得，多么的壮观啊!我几乎从未见过这么大的一摊牛奶。噢，既然损失已经造成了，你要不要下来玩一会牛奶我们再打扫?”

Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?” he chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.

他真的在一地的牛奶上玩了一会儿。几分钟后，妈妈又说：“罗伯特，你要知道，每次像这样搞得一团糟，最终还是要收拾干净，让一切恢复原位。所以，你看该怎么打扫好呢?我们可以使用一块海绵、一条毛巾或者一个拖把。你喜欢用哪一个呢?”他选择了海绵，并和妈妈一起把地板上的牛奶打扫干净。

His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!

他妈妈接着对他说：“你知道，今天我们实际上做了个实验——如何用两只小手稳妥地端一个大的牛奶瓶，可惜我们的实验失败了。那我们去后院继续做实验吧，给瓶子里装上水，看看你能不能发现用什么方法端这个瓶子它不会掉。”于是这个小男孩学会了用双手抓住瓶子上面靠近瓶盖的位置，这样端的时候瓶子就不会掉。多么美妙的一堂课!

The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn’t work,” we usually learn something valuable from it.

这位著名的科学家谈论道，正是在那一刻他明白了无需害怕犯错误。相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。’即使实验“行不通”，我们往往也能从中得到一些宝贵的经验。

Wouldn’t it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert’s mother responded to him?

如果所有家长都像罗伯特的妈妈那样对待孩子该有多好啊。

Text B

Pre-reading Questions

1.Have you ever been wrongly blamed by your parents? How did you feel at that moment?

2.What suggestions would you give to the parents who are blinded to their children’s merits?.

The Cake

Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.

“They should be home any time now,” she thought as she put the finishing touches(最后润色；收尾工作) on the chocolate cake she was frosting. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn’t exactly an aesthetic triumph. The cake was … well, lumpy, And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of course, she had.

蛋糕

辛迪紧张地瞥了一眼挂在厨房墙壁上的时钟，还有5分钟就到午夜了“现在，他们随时都会回来。”她一边想着，一边在巧克力蛋糕上抹上最后一些糖霜。这是她从小到大12年来第一次尝试制作蛋糕，完全是从头学起。不过说实话，蛋糕至少从审美角度说不算成功。这块蛋糕……嗯，看起来凹凸不平。糖霜是苦的，好像她把糖或者别的什么东西都用光了。当然，糖的确是用光了。

And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine a huge blender filled with all the fixings for chocolate cake –including the requisite bowls, pans and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on. High speed. With the lid off. Do you get the idea?

再看看她把厨房搞成什么样了。想象一个巨大的搅拌机，里面盛着制作蛋糕的全部原料——包括必备的锅、碗及其他器皿。再想象一下这个搅拌机开动了，高速运转，盖子是打开着的。你能想象出这是什么样的场景吗?

But Cindy wasn’t thinking about the mess. She had created something, a veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present her anniversary gift to them. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.

但辛迪没有考虑这些混乱。她创造了某件东西，一只用面粉和糖做成的十足的凤凰正从厨房的一片狼藉中升起。她焦急地等待着父母约会后回来，以便她能将自己的周年纪念礼物送给他们。她关掉厨房的灯，在黑暗中兴奋地等待着。终于，她看见汽车头灯在闪烁，她在厨房门口站定。当她听到钥匙插进前门锁孔的声音时，她的心激动得几乎要蹦出来了!

Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that. She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: “Ta-daaa!” She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where a slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.

父母尽量放轻脚步，悄悄地走进门来，但辛迪可不管那些。她激动地用手指按下电灯开关，大声叫道：“看!”她庄严地向厨房的餐桌打了个手势，一个稍微有点不平衡的双层蛋糕正在等待着他们的检阅。

But her mother’s eyes never made it all the way to the table. “Just look at this mess! “ How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up after yourself?”

“But Mom, I was only …”

但是母亲的眼睛压根儿就没有向餐桌那边看去。“看看你搞得什么啊!”母亲埋怨道，“我给你说了多少次吃完饭要随手收拾干净?”

“可是妈妈，我只是……”

“I should make you clean this up right now, but I’m too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right,” her mother said. “So you’ll do it first thing in the morning.”

“我现在就想让你立刻收拾干净，但是今天太累了，没法熬夜监督你干活，”母亲说，“你明早起床第一件事就是收拾厨房。”

“Honey,” Cindy’s father interjected gently, “take a look at the table.”

“亲爱的”，辛迪的父亲小声提醒道，“看看餐桌。”

“I know –it’s a mess,” his wife said coldly. “The whole kitchen is a disaster. I can’t stand to look at it.” She stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.

“我知道——餐桌上一团糟”，母亲冷冷地说，“整个厨房简直就是一场灾难。我实在是看不下去。”她气冲冲地上了楼梯，进了房间，砰的一声把门关上。

For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red.” She never saw the cake,” she said.

辛迪和父亲静立片刻，两人都不知该说什么。最后辛迪抬头看着父亲，发红的眼睛里含着泪水。“她根本没看到蛋糕”，她说。

Unfortunately, Cindy’s mother isn’t the only parent who suffers from Situational Timbercular Glaucoma(青光眼)- the occasional inability to see the forest for the trees. From time to time we all allow

ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seems awfully important right now, but isn’t. Muddy shoes, lost lu nch money and messy kitchens are troublesome, and they deserve their place among life’s frustrations. But what’s a little mud-even on new carpet-compared to a child’s self-esteem? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster’s eme rging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships?

不幸的是，辛迪的母亲不是唯一一个这样的父母，他们患有情景性森林青光眼——临时性地只见树木不见森林。由于那些眼下貌似极其重要但并非重要的事情，我们有时会对具有长远重要意义的事情视而不见。沾上泥的鞋、丢了的午餐费、脏乱的厨房，这些东西是很讨厌，值得让人沮丧一阵子了。但是和孩子的自尊心相比，一个泥点——哪怕是粘在了新铺的地毯上——又能算什么呢?丢失的一美元难道比一个孩子成长中的尊严更宝贵?厨房的卫生固然重要，可是值得为此牺牲温柔的亲情吗?

I’m not saying that our children don’t need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequences of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must never forget that we’re not just teaching lessons –we’re teaching children. That means here are times when we really need to see the mess in the kitchen ,and times when we only need to see the cake.

我不是说我们的孩子不需要学会负责任，不需要有时为自己错误的选择付出痛苦的代价。这些道理也很重要，需要认真教授于他们。但是作为父母，我们不要忘了我们一不仅仅是在教课——我们是在教孩子。这意味着有时候我们确实要看到厨房的脏乱，而有时候我们只需看到蛋糕。

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty

Text A

Pre-reading Questions

1.Do you believe that loyal friends are available on the Internet?

2.What personal qualities matter most in your choice of friends? And why?

Reflections: Friendship and loyalty

How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with

lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.

关于友情和忠诚的思考

我们之中有多少人能在朋友中识别出真正的忠诚?忠诚包括无论何时都会支持你的朋友。一直对你坦诚、从不撒谎背叛你的朋友才是忠诚的朋友。如果你有一位忠诚的朋友，你一定在他身上发现了真正的美德。

The current trend on the internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters. It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.

如今网络上流行的趋势是你可以和任何一个想成为你朋友的人做朋友。然而，这种新的趋势有可能会引发灾难。在网络上拥有一大批共同好友可能是比较流行，但是一个真正忠诚的朋友可能是你需要的唯一的那一个。

A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever. Are they r eally your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, “Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?” If the answer to that is, “I don’t know”,more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.

广受欢迎的脸谱网站上有一个词叫做B．F．F。这个缩写词的意思是“永远的最好的朋“友”。他们真的是你永远的最好的朋友吗?你可能会问自己：“他们会把我的私事发布在脸谱网页上与他人分享吗?甚至与他人一起八卦我的隐私吗?但愿永远不会。”如果答案是“我不知道”，那么很有可能，他们不是你永远的好朋友，甚至连一天也没可能是。

I choose to have a B.L.B., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.

在这个科技和快速交谈发展的时代对可能会面临使用缩写语的你们来说，我更想要一个B．L．F．，忠诚的好朋友。

Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account.More often than not, your deposits gain interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend. In essence, water does seek its own level.

朋友间的忠诚就像是在银行账户里存款一样。通常你的存款会获得利息，关乎你幸福安康的利息。忠诚的朋友吸引另一个忠诚的朋友。本质上，水自然会向下流——朋友间总是惺惺相惜Freemasonry。

If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I’m sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself

seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.

如果你早在脸谱网赢得恶名之前就是个B．L．F．的话，我相信你一定明白忠诚的朋友的前提。你不该利用自己的B．L．F．来结交更多的朋友或者让你自己看起来更加重要。这些不是忠诚的好朋友的特质。

A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.

忠诚的最好的朋友不会在意你宴会上都请了谁。他们会来参加你的宴会并向你表示祝贺，就像忠诚的最好的朋友应该做的那样。

Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you’d better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, “A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend.” Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.

在脸谱网上和忠诚的好朋友联络来得容易得多。然而，一个虚拟的朋友无法向你保证其忠诚。我给你的告诫是，你最好注意那些脸谱网站上的笑脸们。在80年代我们就在歌谣中被告知“笑脸是反着的苦恼的脸，我的朋友”。这在我们这一代也是不争的事实。

Text B

Pre-reading Questions

1.Why do many people choose to keep dogs as pets instead of other animals?

2.Why do you think a growing number of Chinese, especially the elderly, prefer to keep pets?

A Tribute to the Dog

The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.

狗的赞歌

在这个世上一个人最好的朋友也可能与他反目成仇，他呕心养育的儿女也可能对他忘恩负义。那些我们最亲近的人，那些我们以幸福和名誉信任的人，也可能背叛他们的忠诚。

The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man’s reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall

on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.

一个人所拥有的财富也可能失去。它可能在最被需要时随风而逝，名声也可能因一念之差而损毁殆尽。当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝，极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。而一个人在这充满私欲的世界里的一个绝对无私的朋友，一个永不抛弃他的朋友，一个绝不忘恩负义与背信弃义的朋友，则是他的狗。

A man’s dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master’s side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.

一个人的狗无论其主人贫穷富贵，生老病死，都会和他站在一起，永不分离。只要能留在主人身边，它宁愿睡在冰冷的地上而不顾寒风凛冽，大雪纷飞。它会吻主人的手，哪怕主人手里没有一丁点食物；它会抚慰主人在艰难时世中遭遇的身心创伤；它也会如同护卫王子一般，守卫熟睡中潦倒的主人。

When all other friends desert, he remains. When richer take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness faithful and true even to death.

当所有的朋友都弃你而去时，它留了下来。当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。即使被好运拒之门外，没有朋友，无家可归，他那忠实的狗也会义无反顾地陪伴着他，与他共渡险境，同仇敌忾。如果他的生命被死神夺走，长眠于冰冷的地下，这时，哪怕所有的朋友都离他而去，在他墓旁，那忠诚的狗也会守在那里，将头伏在爪子上，睁开悲伤但充满警惕的双眼，直到死都依旧忠贞，寸步不离。

Unit 4 The joy of Work

Text A

Pre-reading Questions

1.Do you often help your parents with the household chores? What do you usually do to help them?

2.Have you had any experience of doing part-time jobs to help support yourself and your family? What

did you think about it?

Work Is a Blessing

I grew up in Lakeland, Louisiana, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hogs, chickens and had a large garden, but it didn’t bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning, and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.

工作是一种福气

我在路易斯安那州的莱克兰长大，是家里12个孩子之一。我们所有人都依赖父母的农场勉强维持生活。我们种棉花、甘蔗、玉米，养猪、养鸡，还有一个大花园，但农场没办法让我们有多少收入，所以我在12岁时在马路旁边的一个奶牛场里找了一份兼职工作——帮忙挤牛奶。我要在早晨5点钟为65头奶牛挤奶，下午2点钟还要挤一次，一周工作七天。

In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, “Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing.”

在一个周六的黎明之前，我记得我在厨房里跟父亲和爷爷抱怨自己一大早还要去给那些奶牛挤奶，父亲说：“儿子，你要知道，能工作是一种福气啊。”

I looked at those two men who’d worked harder than I ever had- my father eking out a living on that farm, and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.

我看着这两个男人，知道他们比我有生以来工作得要更努力——父亲靠那个农场竭力维持生计，而爷爷在大萧条期间既开农场又当木匠。我那时有一种感觉，父亲跟我说了一些非常重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解了其中的含义。

Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland, Louisiana. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I’d always look forward to my work. But he also added,

“Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.” I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC(Reserve Officers’ Training Corps) program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.

对莱克兰的孩子来说，上大学是一种珍贵的待遇。父亲跟我说，如果我学了自己喜欢从事的内容，我便会一直期待找到适合自己的工作。但他也补充道：“就算从事了自己不喜欢的工作，那也比什么工作都没有要好。”我当时想做一名农夫，但为了减少学费负担，我参加了预备军官训练项目，当初的义务从军便成为我以后的生活方式，我在部队服役长达37年3个月零3天。

In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with her baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they wer en’t using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she’d earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. And as bad as that woman’s job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It reminded me of my father’s words: to work is a blessing.

20世纪80年代晚期，在一次前往孟加拉国期间，我看到一个背着孩子的妇女在用锤子将砖头敲碎。我问该国的一名卫队员为什么他们不用机器，因为那样会容易很多。他跟我说，如果用机器，那个女人便会丢掉工作，而将那些砖头敲碎意味着她能赚到足够的钱让她和她的孩子在那天吃饱。虽然她的工作实在很糟糕，但那却足够养活一个小家庭。这件事让我想起了父亲的话：工作是一种福气。

Serving in the United States Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I’ve come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They’re victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and the street gang members. I’ve seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People who have jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community and even help others. When we can work, we are free. We are blessed.

在驻海外的美军部队服役时，我看到许多人都和孟加拉国那个女人一样，于是我开始相信，没有工作的人是不自由的。他们遭受着犯罪、恐怖主义、疾病、经济萧条和社会动荡的侵害，于是这些受害者变成了非法移民，沦为人口贩卖的囚奴、贩毒者和街头帮派的成员。这种景象我一次次地在美国边境、索马里、刚果、阿富汗以及新奥尔良目睹过。有工作的人可以建立家庭，将孩子送到学校上学，内心树立起一种自豪感，增加对社区的积极影响，甚至去帮助他人。当我们有事可做时，我们身心自由，身处幸福之中。

I don’t think I’ll ever quit working. I’m retired from the Army, but I’m still working to help people be prepared for disasters. And I may get to do a little farming someday, too. I’m not going to stop. I believe in my father’s words. I believe in the blessing of work.

我觉得我不会停止工作。如今我已从军队退役，但我仍在致力。于帮助人们在灾害来临前做好准备，可能哪天我也要去做点儿农活。我不会停下来的。我相信父亲的话。我相信工作是一种福气。

Text B

Pre-reading Questions

1．Do you hope to start your own business? What would you like to do?

2．What do you know about the necessary conditions for starting a business?

How to Start Your Own Business

The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude themselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when businesses fail, the passion often dies with it. By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.

如何开始自己创业

和其他的经历不同，自己创业的矛盾之处在于挑战和收益并存。很多企业倒闭，而大多数企业家则能全身而退。然而残酷的现实是，跟着企业一起倒下的，还有创业的激情。然而在准备过程中的一些忠告则会让你比预计的少一些损失。最近我也在创业，并且在其中学习到了一些重要的经验教训，我很荣幸与你分享。

1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To

make more money? To be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out

all of your motivating factors and prioritize them. When you see them listed, you might see a pattern in

that you’re just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn’t the answer.

1．明确你的动机所在。你为何要创业?为了有更多的时间?为了赚更多的钱?为了自己当老板?为了能有创造性地掌控你喜欢做的事情?写出所有激励你的因素，并排出先后顺序。当你列好以后再看。如果发现你只是对现在的工作不满意，那么创业绝不是你想要的。

2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.

2．明确你的激情所在。你喜欢做什么?你有什么样的独门绝技?什么能让你对你的工作很兴奋?把激情置于你的商业计划、营销策略和日常生活之前。如果你能保持激情，你就能更加专注于创办公司的目的，而不仅仅是运营。

3. Identify your market. If you are starting your business locally, research your competitors. Determine if there is room in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market1are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an internet company, research the requirements for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there are enough potential clients to keep your business alive.

3．明确你的市场所在。如果你想在本地创业，关注你的竞争对手。确定市场是否有你的立足之地。你能用什么不同的方式来吸引客户?其他公司缺少什么样的市场定位?如果你打算开创一家网络公司，研究一下你的公司存在的特别之处。客户是你的公司存在之本，因此提前做足研究，确保有足够的潜在客户能维持你的公司。

4. Identify your finances. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations(债务) extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door opener(车库门遥控开关), light fixtures and landscaping equipment(景观美化设备), and before you know it, you’re far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive(详细的) financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor(财政顾问) or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.

4．明确你的财政状况。如果你刚买了房，你必须清楚随首付和月供而来的财政义务。你还要添置家具、垃圾桶、车库门遥控开关、灯具和绿化设备。在你反应过来之前，这已经远远超过你的财政预算了。这在创业中是很常见的。做详尽的财政规划。找个财政顾问或者银行专员，核算你在启动和运营公司的时候财务上的可行性。理智规划，做最坏的打算。为经济损失提前做好准备，咨询如何减轻未来可能承受的财政负担。

5. Identify your support system.Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even those in

your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.

5．明确你的支持体系。向经验丰富的企业家求教，包括同领域的。和那些能提出可靠建议和批评的人搞好关系。如果你周围或者朋友圈里有你钦佩的企业家，研究学习他或她的业务实践以及他们如何处理各种情况。做重大决策前多多请教，甚至在规划和启动过程中设立临时董事会来帮助出谋划策。

Once you have all of these elements in place, you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence(营销实体), etc. Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.

一旦你已经对上述问题成竹在胸，那么你就可以开始制定商业计划、申请执照、在市场中崭露头角了。能在专业领域拥有自己的公司美不堪言，如果你能时时听取明智的建议，那么你就可以每天激情满满地工作了。

Unit 5Keeping Your Dreams Alive

Text A

Pre-reading Questions

1．Do you believe that life is difficult? What are some of the difficulties that you have encountered in your life?

2．What suggestions did you get from your parents or friends when you met with difficulties in your life?

Life Is Difficult

Life Is Difficult.

This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult-once we truly understand and accept it-then life is no longer (=no more)difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer

matters.

生活是艰难的

生活是艰难的。

这是一条真理，是众多伟大真理之一。一旦我们真正认识了它，才会超越其本身。一旦我们真正认识到生活的艰难所在，真正理解并接受它，生活将不再如那般的艰难，生活是艰难的这一事实，也不会再影响到我们。

Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.

Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.

大多数人并未真正认识到生活是艰难的这一事实。

相反，他们不停地无病呻吟，或是聒噪地，或是微弱地，絮叨着他们所遭遇的种种问题、所承受的负担以及所忍受的苦难，好像生活应该是一帆风顺的。他们或高声抗议，或微弱地嘀咕，认为他们的苦难代表一种特殊的不幸，它不应加诸于他们自己和家人身上，也不应该将降临到他们所处的阶级、国家和民族身上，甚至是种族的身上，更不应该加诸于他物。我深谙这种埋怨，因为我也曾参与其中。

Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?

生活是由一系列的问题组成的。我们是抱怨它们还是解决它们?我们想教育我们的孩子去解决它们吗?

Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life’s problems. Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.

准则是我们解决生活问题所需要的一套基本工具，没有它我们什么也解决不了。部分准则只能解决部分问题，整套准则才能解决所有问题。

What make life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is

because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

生活的艰辛在于面对和解决问题的痛苦过程。不同性质的问题会让我们产生复杂的情绪：沮丧、悲伤、寂寞、内疚、遗憾、愤怒、恐惧、焦虑、痛苦还有绝望。这些情感上的痛苦和身体上的痛苦一样，有时同最深刻的肉体疼痛一样，让人难受，难以释怀。事实上，正是由那些经历或挣扎冲突在我们的内心引起的疼痛才产生了我们称之为问题的东西。由于生活总会给我们提出一系列无穷无尽的问题，生活才总会充满苦难，带给我们痛并快乐着的体验。

Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.

然而，正是在面对和解决这些问题的过程中才让生活有了意义。问题是区别我们成败的界限，也召唤出我们的勇气与智慧，事实上，还创造了我们的勇气与智慧。只有经历了这些问题，我们才会得到精神上和心理上的成长。当我们渴望鼓舞人类精神的时候，我们会挑战自我，振奋精神去解决问题，如同我们在学校里故意设置难题让孩子们来解决一样。只有在经历了对抗和解决的痛苦过程后我们才会学有所得。正如本杰明·富兰克林所言：“这些困难会伤害你，也会教导你”。也正因为此，聪明人才不畏痛苦，迎难而上。

Text B

Pre-reading Questions

1．If your friends turn to you for advice when they face life’s challenges, what will you say to them? 2．What advice do you expect the author will give to people in difficulties?

Begin Again

To begin again means that you won’t(will not) give up.

To begin again means you’re trying.

You can either start over and live your life

Or spend the rest of your life slowly dying.

It is never the falling that makes us fail.

It is never the pain or the crying.

You can never fail in life, my friend,

Unless you give up trying.

------Bob Perks

重新开始

要重新开始就意味着你不会放弃

要重新开始意味着你正在努力

你可以重新开始过你的生活

也可以慢慢地陨落，度过余生

让我们失败的永远不会是挫折本身

也不会是痛苦或是哭泣

你永远不会失败的，我的朋友

除非你放弃了尝试

——鲍勃·珀克斯It seems lately that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly insurmountable challenges in their lives. A few have lost their jobs and some have failed marriages. All too many have health issues or are battling cancer.

最近似乎有越来越多的朋友们都面临着生活中一些看似不可克服的挑战。有几个已经失去了工作，有几个遭遇了失败的婚姻，还有许多有着健康问题或正在与癌症抗争。

I don’t know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship. But it is difficult, to say the least, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness. They expect answers, some magic waving of a wand, or a roadmap to get them back on their feet again.

我不知道，是绝望迫使他们向我寻求建议，还是他们来考验我们之间的友谊的。但当他们所能感受到的尽是绝望时，我很难为他们说上几句充满希望的话语。他们期望答案，期待着魔杖挥舞的奇迹或者是可以让他们重新振作起来的一张路线图。

I have often struggled with what to say. Mostly because I have faced many of the same challenges in my own life, I remember how empty I felt after someone cheerfully offered words like, “Keep your chin up!” “ Things will get better!” “ Hang in there!” “it’s always darkest… ,” etc.

我经常纠结不知道说什么才好。大多是由于我自己的生活中也曾面临过许多相同的挑战，我至今还记得，当别