英语语言学树形图举例word精品

树形图详细讲解

1. In dicate the category of each word in the follow ing senten ces.

a) The old lady sudde nly left.

Det A N Qual V

b) The car stopped at the end of the road.

Det N V P Det N P Det N

c) The snow might have blocked the road.

Det N Aux Aux V Det N

d) He n ever appears quite mature.

N Qual V Deg A

2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each.

b) a story about a sen time ntal girl

Det A N

a story about a sen time ntal girl

c) ofte n read detective stories

Qual V NP

ofte n read detective stories

d) the argume nt aga inst the proposals

a) full of people

full of people

NP PP

Det N

八

Det N

the argume nt aga inst the proposals

In flP(=S)

e) move towards the win dow VP PP

Det N

3. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the followi ng senten

ces.

a) The jet Ian ded.

In flP(=S)

The jet b) Mary became very ill.

In flP(=S)

Mary c) What will you talk about?

Det

NP Infl VP

Pst V

NP Infl S z NP Infl

' VP

What will talk about

you e man.

d) The apple might hit the S

The apple might hit the man

move

towards the wi ndow NP /X Det N Infl VP

Pst

Ian ded

became very ill

Det Aux

VP 、

e) He often reads detective stories.

Qual 4. The followi ng sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each senten ce, first ide ntify the modifier(s), the n draw the tree structures.

a) A frighte ned passe nger Ian ded the crippled airpla ne.

In flP(=S)

Det A A frighte ned passe nger Ian ded the crippled airpla ne

The apple might hit the

man Infl

Det VP

often reads etective stories

OR In flP(=S)

Infl VP He

Pre

Qual NP

ofte n reads etective stories

Infl VP Det A N Pst V NP

In flP(=S)

b) A huge moon hung in the black sky. In flP(=S)

c) An unu sual event occurred before the meet ing.

In flP(=S)

An unu sual eve nt occurred before the

meet ing

d) A qua int old house appeared on the grassy hill.

In flP(=S)

5. The follow ing sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences,

a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pan ts.

Det A NP

N CON N

Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants

Infl VP Det A N Pst V A huge

Infl VP Det A

N Pst V PP

Det P Det A N

A qua int old

house appeared on the grassy

hill PP

moon

Infl VP A PP In

flP(=S)

N CON

Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants b) Hele n put on her clothes and went

out.

N CON

Hele n put on her clothes and went out

flP(=S)

N CON

Hele n put on her clothes and went out

c) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.

NP VP

Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics

NP Infl VP

CON VP N Pres VP

VP NP

but (is) d) The detective went out and the mysterious man came in. S

tired of statistics

CON

NP /X Det N VP z\ V Adv NP Det A VP

V Adv

the mysterious man came in

e) Crusoe knows that spri ng will come and the snow will melt. The detective went out and CP

CON NP VP NP Aux Det N VP Aux V knows that spri ng 6. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an prepositi on or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence. a) You know that I hate war. Crusoe will come and the snow will melt

adjective, a You C

know that CP

hate war

英语语言学树形图举例

树形图详细讲解 1. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a) The old lady suddenly left. Det A N Qual V b) The car stopped at the end of the road. Det N V P Det N P Det N c) The snow might have blocked the road. Det N Aux Aux V Det N d) He never appears quite mature. N Qual V Deg A 2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each. a) full of people AP A P N full of people b) a story about a sentimental girl NP NP PP Det N P NP Det A N a story about a sentimental girl c) often read detective stories VP Qual V NP A N often read detective stories d) the argument against the proposals NP NP PP Det N P NP

e) move towards the window VP V PP P Det N move towards the window 3. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the following sentences. a) The jet landed. InflP(=S) NP Infl VP Det N Pst V The jet landed b) Mary became very ill. InflP(=S) NP Infl VP N Pst V AP Deg A Mary became very ill c) What will you talk about? CP NP C S N Infl NP Infl VP VP NP V P N d) The apple might hit the man. S NP VP Det N Aux V NP Det N The apple might hit the man

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树形图详细讲解网上的相对理想的树形图答案，注意正两点： 1. 短语和中心词在一竖线上 2. 含有形容词修饰语的名词短语的画法 NP Det N A N a little boy 1. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a) The old lady suddenly left. Det A N Qual V b) The car stopped at the end of the road. Det N V P Det N P Det N c) The snow might have blocked the road. Det N Aux Aux V Det N d) He never appears quite mature. N Qual V Deg A 2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each. a) full of people AP A P N

full of people b) a story about a sentimental girl NP NP PP Det N P NP Det A N a story about a sentimental girl c) often read detective stories VP Qual V NP A N often read detective stories

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英语语言学树形图举例word精品

树形图详细讲解 1. In dicate the category of each word in the follow ing senten ces. a) The old lady sudde nly left. Det A N Qual V b) The car stopped at the end of the road. Det N V P Det N P Det N c) The snow might have blocked the road. Det N Aux Aux V Det N d) He n ever appears quite mature. N Qual V Deg A 2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each. b) a story about a sen time ntal girl NP Det A N a story about a sen time ntal girl c) ofte n read detective stories Qual V NP ofte n read detective stories d) the argume nt aga inst the proposals NP NP a) full of people AP full of people NP PP VP Det N

八 Det N the argume nt aga inst the proposals

语言学第四单元课后答案 synta 树状图 the s rule

syntax 1. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a) The old lady suddenly left. Det A N Qual V b) The car stopped at the end of the road. Det N V P Det N P Det N c) The snow might have blocked the road. Det N Aux Aux V Det N d) He never appears quite mature. N Qual V Deg A 2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each. a) full of people AP A P N full of people b) a story about a sentimental girl NP NP PP Det A N a story about a sentimental girl c) often read detective stories VP Qual V NP

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导言一、单项选择题 1. 普通语言学从理论上研究（） A 个别民族语言的特殊规律 B 人类各种语言一般的共同规律 C 几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律 D 汉语普通话的发展规律 2. 语言学可以分为两大类别，即（） A 理论语言学、应用语言学 B 汉语语言学、英语语言学 C 英语语言学、俄语语言学 D 个别语言学、一般语言学 3. 语言学概论属于（） A 个别语言学的范围 B 一般语言学的范围 C 应用语言学的范围 D 汉语言学的范围 4. 结构主义语言学独特的研究方法是（） A 历史比较法 B 归纳法 C 分布分析法和直接成分分析法 D 句子成分分析法二、填空题 1. 古中国、古印度、古希腊具有悠久的历史文化传统，是语言学的三大发源地。 2. 文字、训诂、音韵是我国传统的语文学。 3. 研究语言的结构，主要是研究语音、语法、语汇三个部分。 4. 历史比较语言学的建立，标志着语言学开始走上独立发展的道路。 5. 布龙菲尔德的代表著作《语言论》，是美国结构主义语言学的奠基性著作，对美国结构主义语言学的形成、发展有重要的作用和深远的影响。 6. 索绪尔被称为现代语言学之父，其代表作《普通语言学教程》在语言学史上具有十分重要的地位。 7. 结构主义语言学派可以分为布拉格学派、哥本哈根学派、美国结构语言学派三派。三、判断题 1. 历史比较语言学不仅标志着语言学科的独立而且为普通语言学的建立打下了坚实的基础。（） 2. 我国的语文学通称“小学”。（） 3. 普通语言学是以汉语普通话为研究对象的语言学分支学科。（） 4. 每个人至少掌握一种语言，所以都能准确地回答“什么是语言”这个问题。（）四、名词解释

语言学课后习题树形图

8.（c）the argument against the proposals PP NP P NP Det N Det N against the (d)already above the windows PP AdvP P NP Adv Det N already above the window

NP Infl VP Det AP N pst V PP A P NP Det AP N A huge moon hung in the black sky (C) The man examined his car carefully yeseterday S NP Infl VP Det N pst V NP AdvP Det N AdvP Adv Adv A man examined his car carefully yesterday 10．（b）Helen put on her clothes and went out S

N pst V PP Con V PP P NP P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went out c)Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics. S NP Infl VP N Pre V AP Con AP A PP A PP P NP P NP N Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics 11.(b) Gerry belives the fact that Anna fluncked the English exam. S NP Infl VP

《英语语言学》答案完整版

《英语语言学概论》答案完整版考核方法：闭卷考试时间：100分钟题型： I. 单项选择(15×1?=15?) II．判断(15×1?=15?) III．填空(10×1?=10?) IV．术语解释(5×2? =10?) V．简答题(4×5? =20?) VI. 分析题（30’）重点掌握的术语： 1. Linguistics语言学 The study of the nature, structure, and variation of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. 2. design features设计特点 They are a series of features which are uniquely a part of human language and unlikely to be found in the communication system of other creatures. They are displacement, productivity, cultural transmission, arbitrariness, discreteness and duality. 3. Displacement移位 Language can be used to refer to things which are in the past, present or future, real or imagined,or in far-away places. 4. Duality二元性 It is generally the case that language is organized at two levels or layers which is known as the physical level and meaningful level simultaneously. 5. Arbitrariness任意性 It is generally the case that there is no …natural? connection between a linguistic form and its meaning. 6. Manner of articulation发音方法 It is the case that we describe the consonant sounds in terms of how they are articulated. 7. Place of articulation发音部位 It focuses on describing consonant sounds in terms of where they are articulated. 8. articulatory phonetics发音语言学 The general study of the characteristics of speech sounds is called phonetics. And the study of how speech sounds are made, or …articulated? is articulatory phonetics. 9. Phonology音系学 The description of the systems and patterns of the speech sounds in a language. 10. Assimilation同化 It is the process when two phonemes occur in sequence and some aspect of one phoneme is taken or …copied? by the other. For example, the word …can? in the sentence …I can go.?may pronounce as [k??] instead of [k?n] because of the influence of the following sound [g]. 11. Back-formation逆构法，逆序构词 A word of one type is reduced to form another word of different type. For example, the word …donation? first came into use and then the verb …donate? was created from it.

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