中考英语形容词和副词的比较级最高级小结
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形容词和副词的比较级、最高级（Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs）
I.形容词比较级和最高级的形式
一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成
构成法①一般单音节词末尾加-er和-est
原级比较级最高级strong stronger strongest
②单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r和-st strange stranger strangest
③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，
须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est
④少数以-y,-er(或-ure),-ow,-ble结尾的双音节词，
末尾加-er和-est
(以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母，把y变成i，再加-er和-est，
以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st)sad
big
ho t
angry
clever
narrow
noble
sadder
bigger
hotter
angrier
cleverer
narrower
nobler
saddest
biggest
hottest
angriest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest
⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词mo r e和mo r e
difficult
mos t difficult 二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式mos t difficult
原级good/well bad/ill many/much little few far
比较级
better
worse
mo r e
less
farther/further
最高级
best
worst
mos t
least
farthest/furthest
II.副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样。
一、一般副词
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hard→harder→hardest fast→faster→fastest
late→later→latest early→earlier→earliest
二、特殊副词
well→better→best much→more→most
badly→worse→worst little→less→least
三、开放类副词
开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，而应在副词原形前加mo r e或mo s t。如：
quickly→more quickly→most quickly quietly→more quietly→most quietly
III.形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法
一、比较级
1．比较级通常由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…”构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加……”。连词t han后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去tha n。如：
Mary is happier than Jane.玛丽比珍妮幸福。（形容词和系词连用）
He lives mo r e happily than I.他过得比我幸福。（副词修饰行为动词）2．注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如：
The purpose of the research had a mo r e important meaning for them than it did for us.
Sound travels faster thr ough water than thr ough air.
3．比较级前还可用much,even,still,a little等词语来修饰，表示“……得多”，“甚至……”，“更……”，“……一些”等意思。如：
Japan is a little larger than Germany.日本比德国大一点儿。
用“…times+形容词的比较级+than…”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的词+比较级”来表示具体的比较差别。如：
Our room is twice larger than theirs.我们的房间比他们的大两倍。
He is a head taller than I.他比我高一头。
4．隐含比较级
1）有时比较级并不一定出现than，这时通过上下文可暗示出。如：
Are you feeling better now?你现在感觉好些了吗？
2）有些形容词在表示比较的时候，跟“to”而不用“than”。如：
prior t o较早的，较重要的
superior to优越，高于
inferior to下等的，次的
senior t o年长的，地位高的
junior to年幼的，地位低的，迟的
preferable to更好的
The task is prior to all others.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。
In maths he felt superior to John.他觉得自己数学比约翰强。
He is two years senior to me.他比我大两岁。
Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。
二、最高级
1．最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句”(如of all,of the three,in the world,that has ever taken place等)。如：
Of all of the writers in England,William Shakespeare is the most widely k nown.
2．副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如：He runs fastest of the three.三个人中他跑得最快。
3．当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围，作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词of；如不属于同一类人或物，而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词in。如：He is the tallest of the four boys.(He与boy属同类)
He is the tallest in our class.(He与class不属同类)
4．可以用原级，比较级，最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如：She is the best student in her class.
She is better than any other student in her class.
No other student in her class is better than she.
No other student in her class is as good as she.
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