Grammar in use-主谓一致教案

主谓一致是指：

1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

1.由and 连接主语时

And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数

1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数

Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.

Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.

小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子

Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.

2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。

The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.

那位教授兼作家正在会上发言

A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.

一位新闻记者兼作家

His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.

他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行

The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.

总理兼外长

比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school.

the writer and educator has visited our school.

His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe.

注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可

A boy and girl are playing tennis.

3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数

Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients.

Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加

Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.

Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake

No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里

注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多

Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.

4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数

A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.

关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。

The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好

War and peace is a constant theme in history

战争与和平是历史永恒的主题

注意;常被视为主体的结构

A cup and saucer 一副杯碟

A horse and cart 马车

A knife and fork 一副刀叉

A law and rule 法规

A needle and thread 一套针线

Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条

The stars and stripes 星条旗

2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时

由either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原则

Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约

Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.

Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子

Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.

Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.

3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走

Not you but I am to answer the question

I, not you, am to answer the question.

二、单一主语的主谓一致

1.名词本身自带s作主语时

1）学科名词: physics 物理mathematics/maths 数学economics 经济学politics政治学新闻; news

体操：Gymnastics

As we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”

注意：当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可

If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56

The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every day

Gymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport

2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语means方式方法aircraft 飞机works 工厂crossroads十字路口deer 鹿sheep 羊fish 鱼

This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是

By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this city

This means of transport has been tried

All possible means have been tried

3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数

chopsticks筷子compasses 圆规

glasses眼镜gloves手套

Jeans牛仔裤pants裤子

scissors剪子shoes鞋子

shorts短裤socks短袜

trousers裤子

My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的

Why are your shoes so dirty?

注意;如果这些词由单位词（a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数

A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.

These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.

4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数

The united States is a developed country

The New York Times is widely read in the world.

5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数

The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多

The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.

6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数

belongings财产clothes衣服plastics

earnings收入goods货物

leavings剩余savings储存

All the goods are very expensive.

2.集体名词作主语时

1）mankind, humanity, man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数

Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪

2）people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时，只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数

The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件

The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草

Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜

【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如：There are 56 peoples in China

3）family, crowd 等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词

这类集体名词有：

Army，assembly议会集会audience band class club committee company congress议会youth crew 全体工作人员crowd enemy family gang团伙government group herd牧群jury population public team强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语

The family is going to move to New York

The family have different opinions about their going abroad

The football club committee arranges all the matches

The football club committee have decided to dismiss him.

比较：

A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语

Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语

A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来

4）baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), ), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)

Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.

Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?

【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).

5）hair的用法

hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；

指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)：

My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.

The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.

6）fruit的用法

fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：

He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.

He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.

但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.

3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时

1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数

To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金

To see is to believe

Swimming is a good way to keep health

How they will solve the problem remains to be seen

Whether she will come is not known

2)多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数

Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念

Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球

Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.

To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person

三、其他情况的主谓一致

1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数

这类复数名词有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等

Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格

Two kilometres is not very far for the young man

Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job

2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数

One hundred cents make a dollar

More than twenty years have passed since they got married.

3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数

Five times eight is/are forty

Four and eight makes/make twelve

Sixty minus seven leaves fifty-three

Forty-eight divided by six is eight

4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数

Everyone something anybody nowhere

Everyone in the class was surprised at the news

Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.

Is anyone going to tell him the news?

5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球

Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.

Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉

6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数

但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数

Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板

They each have a stateboard.

Each/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionary

The students each have an English-Chinese dictionary

7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数

none of,

neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词+ 谓语动词单数复数都可

either of ,

None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词

None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truth

Neither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable

8.neither 与either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数

Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受

Neither qualification is acceptable

9.分数百分数+ of + 名词，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致

分数/百分数+ of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数

分数/百分数+ of + 单数名词/

单数代词谓语动词用单数

不可数名词

Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词

One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词

Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词

Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词

The rest of the money belongs to you

The rest of the students speak for it.

Half of the apple is rotten

Half of the apples are rotten

10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时

More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数

More + 复数名词+ than one 谓语用复数

More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数

More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden

More white roses than one have bloomed in the garden

More than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了

11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的

The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量

A number of trees are green in April

A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall

A large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.

The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.

The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.

12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则

There are some chairs and a table in the room

There is a table and some chairs in the room

Here are some gifts for you

Here is a book, a pen and some paper for you.

13.当主语后接修饰语时

With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致

A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告

A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.

All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了

No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到

The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.

She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarket.

You as well as I are wrong.

The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责

14.The+ 形容词做主语时

表示一类人用复数谓语

表示抽象概念用单数谓语

The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了

The old are more likely to catch cold than the young

The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.

The young are always full of vitality充满了活力

The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕

The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.

美未必是善善未必是真

The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别

The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西

In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱

15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语，指具体人或物用复数谓语

All has been tried一切都试过了

All were silent 大家都一言不发

All was silent 万籁俱寂

All are here now 大家都在

16.由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of a sort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定

A new type of machine is on show now.

Machines of this kind are made in Wuhan