2018届江苏高考3500词汇综合练精品系列01(解析版)

一、单项填空(从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项)

1.We cannot _______ religion by administrative order or force people not to believe in it.

A. polish

B. abolish

C. accomplish

D. publish

【答案】B

【解析】abolish废除；polish磨光，擦亮；accomplish完成；publish出版。句意：我们不能通过行政命令废除宗教信仰或者强迫人们不去信仰它。

2.At the end of the year everyone should think what has been _______ and what is left undone.

A. abandoned

B. accumulated

C. acknowledged

D. accomplished

【答案】D

3.Finding himself under from all quarters, he had no alternative but to _______ his scheme for the time being.

A. accomplish

B. abandon

C. accumulate

D. advocate

【答案】B

【解析】句意：发现自己四面楚歌，他别无选择不得不放弃目前的计划。accomplish完成；abandon放弃；accumulate积累；advocate提倡，支持。故选B。

4.Speaking in an inspection in Yunnan Province, Xi Jinping called on authorities must _______ poverty removal efforts to support the building of a moderately prosperous country.

A. abandon

B. allocate

C. accelerate

D. appreciate

【答案】C

【解析】abandon 抛弃，放弃；allocate分配；accelerate 加速；appreciate欣赏。句意：在云南一次调研中，习近平呼吁当地政府要加快消除贫困的努力，以支持小康国家的建设。

5.Whether you inherited an _______ breast cancer gene or acquired it, if you have one normal gene, that gene will still work to control cell growth and prevent cancer.

A. abstract

B. abnormal

C. abundant

D. absurd

【答案】B

【解析】句意：不管你是否继承了异常的乳腺癌基因或获得了这个基因，如果你有一个正常的基因，那么那个基因就仍在发挥作用来控制细胞的增长并遏制癌症。abstract抽象的；abnormal不正常的；abundant丰富的；absurd荒唐的。故选B。

6.Although they have some physical _______ , they are still valuable as we are.

A. possibility

B. ability

C. disability

D. responsibility

【答案】C

【解析】句意：虽然他们有一些身体上的残疾，但他们同我们一样有价值。disability残疾，无能，无力；possibility可能性；ability能力；responsibility责任。

7.When I am about to go_______ a plane to go _______, I often think about this.

A. aboard, abroad

B. board, broad

C. aboard, board

D. abroad, broad

【答案】A

8.Nowadays, people’s lifestyle has become remarkably fast-paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the _______ of smart and time-saving methods is of great significance.

A. abolition

B. abortion

C. adoption

D. avoidance

【答案】C

【解祈】句意：现在，人们的生活方式明显地变成了快节奏。因此，为了跟上这样的生活节奏，采用智能和省时的方法具有重要意义。adoption采用，使用，符合句意；abolition 废除，废止，取消；abortion堕胎，(计划等)中止；avoidance 回避，取消，废止。故选C。

9.Buyers have withdrawn from the market in view of the_______ abrupt turn of the trend of prices.

A. appropriate

B. abundant

C. adequate

D. abrupt

【答案】D

【解祈】appropriate 合适的；abundant a. 大量，丰盛的，充裕的；adequate 足够的；abrupt突然的，意外的。句意：由于价格趋势的突然转变，买主已退出市场。

10.Being straightforward, I’m not the kind of person who l ikes to say something unfavorable about anyone in their _______.

A. absence

B. performance

C. favor

D. appearance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我很率直，不是那种喜欢在别人背后说他们不好的人。根据句意，这里用absence表示“缺席，不在场”，in one’s absence某人不在场的时候。

11.It has been reported that some government leaders _______ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.

A. overlook

B. employ

C. abandon

D. abuse

【答案】D

【解析】overlook俯瞰；employ雇用；abandon遗弃；抛弃；abuse滥用，辱骂，虐待。句意：据报道一些政府官员滥用职权为自己谋取利益。

12.The article written by the famous economist is really _______. None of us can understand it.

A. attractive

B. accessible

C. abstract

D. absolute

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那位著名经济学家写的这篇文章真的很抽象。我们没有人能理解它。attractive有吸引力的；accessible可到达的，可接近的，可进入的，可使用的；abstract摘要，抽象的；absolute绝对。

13.Without _______ evidence, the young man who was charged with murder was set free.

A. diverse

B. abundant

C. absurd

D. enormous

【答案】B

【解析】abundant充分的。句意：没有充分的证据，这个被指控谋杀的年轻人被释放了。

14.The boy promised to make up the missing lessons during his _______ from school as soon as he got back from leave.

A. presence

B. absence

C. appearance

D. attendance

【答案】B

【解析】absence from school缺课。presence出席；appearance出现；attendance出席率，出席，参加。句意：那个男孩答应所请假期一结束回来就把缺课期间所落下的课补起来。

15.You needn’t be too concerned about what to wear to the party—it’s all _______ anyway, because you haven’t even been invited yet.

A. academic

B. painful

C. physical

D. Economical

【答案】A

【解析】句意：你不必为穿什么去参加派对而过于担心啦——这都是空想，因为你还没有被邀请。academic 学术上的，学理上的，空谈的，非实用的。

16.I think she must be from Shandong Province because she spoke with a strong Shandong _______.

A. voice

B. accent

C. sound

D. noise

【答案】B

17.My mom once worked in a very small village school, which is _______ only on foot.

A. acceptable

B. adequate

C. accessible

D. appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】acceptable可接受的；adequate足够的；accessible可到达的，易接近的；appropriate适当的。句意：我妈妈曾经在一个小村子的学校工作，那里只有步行才能到达。

18.For professional athletes, _______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.

A. appeal

B. attachment

C. access

D. approach

【答案】C

【解析】access进入。句意：对于专业运动员来说，参加奥运会就意味着他们有机会被载入史册。appeal请求；attachment附加；approach接近；方法。

19.Many people admire Ma Yun’s success but nobody’s success happens _______. Maybe he has a better “nose” to good chances compared to others.

A. on hand

B. in time

C. by accident

D. at ease

【答案】C

【解析】句意：许多人都羡慕马云的成功，但是任何人的成功都不是偶然的。可能他比其他人更能“嗅到”

好机会。根据句意应选择by accident，表示“偶然”。on hand现有(尤指帮助); in time及时，迟早；at ease 舒适。

20.After the disaster, the first thing the local government did was to provide _______ for the homeless families.

A. occupation

B. accommodation

C. equipment

D. furniture

【答案】B

【解析】句意：灾难过后，当地政府的首要事情是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。occupation职业，accommodation 住处，equipment设备，furniture家具。

21.College students can _______ social experience necessary for their future careers by taking up part-time jobs.

A. accelerate

B. accompany

C. accomplish

D. accumulate

【答案】D

【解析】accumulate积累；accelerate加速；accompany陪伴，伴奏；accomplish完成。句意：大学生可以通过做兼职工作来获得日后工作所必需的社会经验。学#科网

22.If you set aside some time every week to _______ your children, the relationship between you will be improved.

A. defend

B. protect

C. accompany

D. guard

【答案】C

23.If people want to _______ their goals and dreams, they have to be willing to pay the price.

A. accomplish

B. set

C. acquire

D. attempt

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果人们想要实现自己的目标和梦想，就得愿意付出代价。accomplish one’s goal/dream是固定结构，表示“实现目标/梦想”。

24.Poor preparations and shortage of equipment _______ their failure of climbing to the top of the mountain.

A. resulted from

B. brought out

C. accounted for

D. approved of

【答案】C

【解析】句意：准备不充分和设备短缺导致了他们没有登到山顶。account for“对……负有责任；对做出解释”，符合句意。result from 起因于……，由……造成；bring out出版，生产，使显示；approve of 赞成。

25.Real experiments have indicated that this method has greatly improved the _______ of measurement.

A. fluency

B. accuracy

C. acquisition

D. punctuation

【答案】B

【解析】fluency流利；accuracy精确；acquisition获得；punctuation守时。句意：通过分析真实的实验数据表明此方法大大地改善了测量精度。

26.The workers are so _______ to the noise of the machine that they don’t even notice it during their work.

A. admirable

B. accustomed

C. astonished

D. associated

【答案】B

【解析】be accustomed to习惯于。句意：工人对机器的噪音是那么习惯，以至于在工作时就没有注意到它

的存在。

27.—You were charged _______ neglecting your duty.

—Why did they accuse me _______ such a crime?

A. with; to

B. of; with

C. with; of

D. for; of

【答案】C

【解析】charge与介词with搭配，accuse常与介词of连用，构成accuse sb of (doing) sth.结构。句意：“你被控告玩忽职守。”“他们为什么要控告你这样的罪名？”

28.Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great _______ for the meeting.

A. guidance

B. encouragement

C. achievement

D. Treatment

【答案】C

29.The second game of the series had ended in a 3-3 tie after ten rounds when the game was called off _______ darkness.

A. by means of

B. in return for

C. in favor of

D. on account of

【答案】D

【解析】句意：系列赛的第二场在十局过后，双方战成3：3平。此时由于天黑，比赛被取消了。根据句意，此处应选on account of表示“因为，由于”。by means of借助于，通过；in return for作为对……的回报；in favor of支持。

30.He was about to tell me the secret _______ someone patted him on the shoulder.

A. as

B. until

C. while

D. when

【答案】D

【解析】be about to do ...when ...是一个常用句式，意为“正要做……这时……”。句意：他正想告诉我这个秘密，这时有人拍了一下他的肩膀。

二、完形填空(从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项)

When I was in middle school, a poisonous spider bit my right hand. I ran to my mom for ___1___ —but instead of taking me to a doctor, my mom set my hand ___2___.

After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton, then soaking it in wine, she put a chopstick into my mouth, and ___3___ the cotton. Heat quickly went through the cotton and began to roast my hand. The sharp pain made me want to scream, but the chopstick ___4___ it. All I could do was watch my hand burn–one minute, then two minutes– ___5___ mom put out the fire.

At that time, there was no doctor available my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.

For those who study biology, you may have grasped the science ___6___ my mom’s cure: heat deactivates(使不活跃)proteins, and a spider’s venom(毒液)is ___7___ a form of protein. It’s ___8___ how that folk remedy actually includes

basic biochemistry, isn’t it? But I am a PhD student in biochemistry at Harvard. I now know that better, less ___9___ and less risky treatments existed. So I can’t help but ask myself why I didn’t ___10___ one at the time?

Now I am happy to report that my hand is fine. But this question remains, and I continue to be troubled by the unequal ___11___ of scientific knowledge throughout the world. Despite the knowledge we have accumulated, we haven’t been so ___12___ in deploying(配制)it to where it’s needed most. We constantly see these problems of poverty, illness, and ___13___ of resources preventing the flow of scientific information. Lifesaving knowledge we take for granted in the modern world is often ___14___ in underdeveloped regions.

While studying at Harvard, I saw ___15___ scientific knowledge can help others in simple, yet profound ways. The bird flu pandemic in the 2000s looked to my village like a spell cast by devils. When I realized that simple hygiene(卫生)practices like ___16___ different animal species could contain the spread of the disease, and that I could help make this knowledge available to my village, that was my first “Aha” moment as a budding scien tist.

Harvard dares us to dream big, to aspire(立志)to change the world. Here on this Commencement Day, we are probably thinking of ___17___ destinations and big adventures that await us. As for me, I am also thinking of the farmers in my village. My experie nce here ___18___ me how important it’s for researchers to communicate our knowledge to those ___19___. Because by using the science we already have, we can probably bring my village and thousands like it into the world you and I take ___20___ every day. A nd that’s an impact every one of us can make!

语篇解读：这是一位哈弗博士生在毕业典礼上演讲内容的一部分。作者在演讲中讲述了一个自己中学时代被毒蜘蛛咬伤的“农村故事”，进而推及到自己在哈佛大学所切身体会到的先进科技知识，他认为，“作为一名科学家，积极地将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需这些知识的人是多么地重要”。

1.A. medicine B. help C. advice D. decision

【答案】B

2.A. in water B. on fire C. in trouble D. on strike

【答案】B

【解析】根据下文的叙述，这儿指的是用火疗的方法治疗作者的伤口，即“set my hand on fire把手放在火上(烘烤)”。下文的“roast, put out the fire”都有提示。

3.A. accumulated B. tore C. lit D. snatched

【答案】C

【解析】根据上文“她在我的手上包了好几层棉花后，棉花上喷撒了白酒，……”和下文“热量逐渐渗透过棉花，开始炙烤我的右手”说明这儿是指“lit the cotton打火点燃了棉花”。

4.A. preserved B. forbade C. accelerated D. prevented

【答案】D

【解析】这儿道出了上文“妈妈在我的嘴里放了筷子”的用意：灼烧的疼痛让我忍不住想喊叫，可嘴里的筷子却让我发不出声来。即：阻止了(prevented)我发出声音。

5.A. before B. until C. when D. while

【答案】B

【解析】我只能看着我的手被火烧着，一分钟，两分钟，直到(until)妈妈熄灭了火苗。

6.A. above B. behind C. after D. within

【答案】B

7.A. accurately B. simply C. constantly D. continuously

【答案】B

【解析】上文说“高热可以让蛋白质变得不活跃起来”，这儿进而强调“蜘蛛的毒液也仅仅(simply)是一种蛋白质。”

8.A. cool B. right C. absurd D. puzzling

【答案】A

【解析】作者在这儿是借用现代很流行的词“cool酷”来调侃“这种传统的土方法”还是蛮有意思的。这样一种传统的土方法实际包含了一定的理论依据，想来也是挺有意思的，不是吗？

9.A. abstract B. stressful C. painful D. regretful

【答案】C

【解析】上文的“The searing pain”有提示。但是，作为哈佛大学生物化学的博士，我现在知道(在我初中)那个时候，已经有更好的、没有那么痛苦的、也没有那么有风险的治疗方法了。

10.A. accept B. receive C. adopt D. adapt

【答案】B

【解析】文中“receive one可以理解成receive such a treatment接受这样一种治疗”。于是我便忍不住会问自己，在当时为什么我没有能够接受到这些更为先进的治疗方法呢？

11.A. distribution B. donation C. allocation D. distraction

【答案】A

【解析】distribution分配，分布；donation捐款，捐赠；allocation配给，分配；distraction注意力分散。本句话是对上文作者提出的问题的解释。但是，我刚刚提到的这个问题这些年来仍然存在，而我也时不时会因为先进科技知识在世界上不同地区的不平等分布(distribution)而困扰。

12.A. involved B. absorbed C. successful D. careful

【答案】C

【解析】根据下文的叙述，说明：我们在怎样把这些知识运用到世界最需要的地区这件事情上，我们做得并不那么成功(successful)。

13.A. separation B. plenty C. absence D. lack

【答案】D

14.A. unavailable B. unwanted C. unexpected D. unnecessary

【答案】A

【解析】unavailable难以获得的，不能利用的。只因为“疾病和自然匮乏导致的科学知识传播的受阻”，所以才导致“现代社会里习以为常的那些救生常识经常在这些欠发达或不发达地区未能加以利用(unavailable)。”15.A. when B. where C. how D. why

【答案】C

【解析】在哈佛学习期间，我知道了科学知识是如何(how)用简单的又深刻的方式帮助到其他人的。

16.A. dividing B. separating C. splitting D. breaking

【答案】B

【解析】divide通常指把整体分为若干部分，而separate通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来。很显然这里是指：separating different animal species将不同物种隔离开来。2000 年的一次流感使我的家乡像被恶魔下了诅咒一般。在我意识到简单的卫生治疗方法例如将不同物种隔离开来以减缓疾病传播，并意识到我可以将这些知识传递运用到我的村庄(对禽流感进行治疗)时，我的心里第一次有了一种作为未来科学家的使命感。学科&网

17.A. valid B. grand C. academic D. fluent

【答案】B

【解析】valid有效的，正当的；grand 伟大的，宏伟的；academic学术的；fluent流利的。跟下文的“big adventures”匹配的是“grand destinations伟大征程”。哈佛的教育教会我们学生敢于拥有自己的梦想，勇于立志改变世界。在毕业典礼这样一个特别的日子，我们有可能会畅想我们未来的伟大(grand)征程和冒险。

18.A. informs B. recalls C. reminds D. refers

【答案】C

【解析】remind提醒，使想起，使记起。我成长的经历时刻提醒(remind)我，对于科研人员来说，将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需(in need)这些知识的人是多么的重要。

19.A. in danger B. in need C. in order D. in shape

【答案】B

【解析】我成长的经历时刻提醒(remind)我，对于科研人员来说，将我们所会的知识传递给那些急需(in need)这些知识的人是多么的重要。

20.A. for granted B. for example C. into account D. into practice

【答案】A

三、语法填空(在短文空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of 1________(great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of

2________(achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often 3 (accept).

Most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive as possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling 5 (accomplish).

Recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 9 (bring)your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 10 (make)sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

语篇解读：本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了缓解工作压力的一些方法。

1.【答案】greater

【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的“and less importance”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance，故填greater。

2.【答案】achievement

【解析】考查名词。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真正的成就感。介词后接名词，a real sense of achievement意为“一种真正的成就感”。

3.【答案】acceptable/accepted

【解析】考查形容词或被动语态。分析句子结构可知，用形容词作表语或者用被动语态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。

4.【答案】on

5.【答案】accomplished

【解析】考查过去分词作表语。feel accomplished=feel a sense of achievement感觉到有成就感。

6.【答案】studies

【解析】考查名词。最新的研究表明，如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话，我们在工作中会变得高效得多。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为show，为复数形式，且study作“研究，调查”讲时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填studies。

7.【答案】regularly

【解析】考查副词。副词修饰谓语动词take，故填regularly“有规律地”。

8.【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词在介词短语中的运用。介词短语for a while意为“一会儿”。

9.【答案】to bring

【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，故填to bring。

10.【答案】make

【解析】考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。