(自己总结汇合)江南大学考博英语历年考题来源部分汇总及答案

Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

When Kathie Gifford’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.;

This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.;

Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years.

21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with?

A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America.

B)A serious problem threatening American economy.

C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America.

D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America.

22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____.

A) was one of the und erpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown

B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown

C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown

D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers

23.The underlined phrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____.

A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly

C) to welcome warm heartedly

D) to blame strongly

24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true?

A) I t will become the country’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer.

B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct.

C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct.

D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign.

25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign?

A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct.

B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct.

C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility.

D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers.

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.;

A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).;

How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.;

Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.;

With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behind treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.;

With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imo rtant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need

the money for a long time, then put it into stocks. If you need it soon, put it into bonds and cash.

26.This passage is intended to give advice on ____.

A) how to avoid inflation risks

B) what kinds of bonds to buy

C) how to get rich by investing in stock market

D) how to become richer by spreading the risk

27.The author mentions such millionaires as the Rockefellers and Bill Gates to show that ____.

A) they are examples for us on our road to wealth

B) a portfolio is essential to financial success

C) they are really rich people

D) they started out on their own

28.Which of the following statements will the author support?

A) Everybody can get rich with some financial assets.

B) The credit risk for treasury bonds is extremely high.

C) It’s no use trying to know the advantages of stocks, bonds and cash.

D) Everybody should realize the importance of distribution of their financial assets.

29.The word “returns”in paragraph three can be best replaced by “____.”

A) returning journeys

B) profits

C) savings

D) investments

30.The author of the passage points out that ____.

A) keeping cash is the only way to avoid risks

B) the longer you own a stock, the more you lost

C) the high rate of profit and high rate of risk coexist in stocks

D) the best way to accumulate wealth is by investing in stocks

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.;

Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level—variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum—or the data many represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reducing to comprehensibly form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.;

Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficiency to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.

31.What is the passage mainly concerned with?

A) Development and application of statistics.

B) Origin of descriptive statistics.

C) Limitations of inferential statistics.

D) Importance of statistics.

32.Describing and tabulating are associated with ____.

A) inferential statistics

B) descriptive statistics

C) theories of probability

D) inefficiency of counting

33.Which of the following statements is true about descriptive statistics?

A) It combines quantitative variables and qualitative variables.

B) It can be used to deal with only quantitative variables.

C) It helps to summarize properties of a group of data.

D) It helps to make predictions using a sample of observations.

34.The word “unwieldy” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.

A) difficult to collect B) difficult to tackle

C) incomprehensive D) uncontrollable

35.A sample of a population is often examined for the following purposes except ____.

A) to make a more accurate prediction of trend

B) to improve efficiency and avoid unnecessary work

C) to save the trouble of approaching every members

D) to predict characteristics of the entire population

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

The Japanese are fascinated by automata and new inventions. Japanese children are used to friendly robots in their comics, in toys, and in TV animated cartoons. When as adults they join the workforce,robots mean that there is no need to import cheap foreign labor, as happens in many other parts of the world. There is no need for humans to put up with dirty, mind deadening mechanical work the robot does it all without complaint, around the clock. Robots don’t go on strike over tea breaks they don’t have tea, or any other kind of breaks:they work, day and night, without having to be paid overtime, without making mistakes. Human tasks are subject to human error: robot error seldom or never occurs except as a result of human error!;

In Japan, robots are almost respected for their virtues. When a new robot is introduced to a small suburban factory, a Shinto priest is invited to inaugurate it. He inaugurates the robot with words along the lines of “Welcome to our co worker, we hope you’ll help him settle in.” No one laughs.;

FANUC demonstrates the Japanese tendency to conform particularly strikingly. The founder of FANUC, Dr. Inaba, has created an army that makes no distinction between blue collar, white collar and steel collar worker: everyone, including the warlord himself, is dressed in yellow clothing issued free by the company. Perh

aps to make up for the boring nature of the work, there are a number of other company perks. Company benefits, including pay, are much higher than in similar companies in Japan. Travel to and from work is provided free in the company’s yellow buses. However, workers are expected to put in demanding unpaid “overtime.” There is a clock in the product development laboratory set to run at ten times the normal speed, the remind everyone that the company is on a war footing.;

As we watched Dr. Inaba’s yellow helicopter soar away to Narita airport, we couldn’t help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.

36.According to the author, which of the following is not true to the Japanese?

A) Robots mean there is no need to import cheap foreign labor.

B) Robots mean that humans needn’t do dirty and noisy work.

C) Robots mean there are no strikes nor overtimes.

D) Robots mean there is no mistake in any form.

37.What can be inferred form the words “He inaugurates the robot with words along the lines of ‘Welcome to our co worker, we hope you’ll help him settle in.’No one laughs.”?

A) The Japanese has no sense of humor while at work.

B) The Japanese does not understand the words of the Shinto priest. C) The Japanese shows a true respect for robots.

D) The Japanese goes too far in their respect for robots.

38.Which of the following is not true about FANUC?

A) Workers receive higher pay for working overtime.

B) Workers enjoy free travel to and from work.

C) Workers are doing boring, sometimes demanding work.

D) Workers are reminded of being on a war footing.

39.What is not implied in the following works “we couldn’t help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.”?

A) Our technology is not yet up to the needs of Dr. Inaba’s dream.

B) Dr. Inaba’s dream of world domination in robotics lacks humanity.

C) Dr. Inaba’s dream of allied applications is too practical.

D) The author is in favor of Dr. Inaba’s dream.

40.What does “our co worker”refer to in the sentence “Welcome to our co worker, we hope you’ll help him settle in?”

A) Japanese workers who attend the inauguration.

B) The introduced robot.

C) The people who have invented the robot.

D) Japanese workers in general.

Part Ⅴ

Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Cope with Personal Crisis.

You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

How to Deal with Personal Crisis

1.造成个人危机的起因。

2.应对个人危机的方法。

答案与详解

Part Ⅱ

Passage One

内容概要:

本文讲述了美国“工作场所操作规范”诞生的背景和实施情况。1996年，美国一些地方和部门的低收入工人抗议血汗工厂，随后克林顿政府发起“无血汗”运动，要求零售商和制造商签署《工作场所操作规范》。可是国防部拒绝执行；美国劳工部作为政府部门，却称主要要求制造商们遵守安全和卫生规定。

21.【答案】D。

【译文】这篇文章主要讲述什么？

【试题分析】归纳概括题(Summing up and summarizing)，这种试题要求学生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心大意。

【详细解答】文章从开始就讲述众多的低收入工人集体抗议工作条件，导致Kathie Gifford的服装厂被曝光；于是克林顿政府发起“无血汗”运动，可是国防部拒绝签署《工作场所操作规范》，劳工部却称该部门主要要求制造商们遵守安全和卫生规定。可见美国政府部门对于血汗工厂的问题存有分歧，也难以解决。所以文章的中心大意是美国血汗工厂的问题目前最严重的地方是美国政府对此的态度不够统一和坚决。A）太偏，不是讲美国劳工部的职能；B）太泛，没有指明哪个问题，也不一定威胁到美国的经济；C）与文章意思相反，美国规范血汗工厂的努力并没有成功。D）最符合文章主题。

22.【答案】C。

【译文】根据本文，Kathie Gifford____ ？

【试题分析】细节理解题(Understanding details)。这类题一般只针对文章中某一个特定的细节，也可以涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实而设问。

【详细解答】见文章第一句话“When Kathie Gifford...condemn such practices.”，Kathie Gifford的高利润的服装厂曝光了，之后她于1996年在报纸上被广泛报道。所以C）为正确答案。A）和B）与本句意思不符，她不是一名工人；D）说她写文章报道此事，也不对。

23.【答案】A。

【译文】与划线短语“to submit to”意思最接近的是下列哪一项？

【试题分析】猜测词义题(Guessing at word meaning)。即运用一些猜测生词词义的方法，猜测生词的含义，以提高阅读速度和理解能力。

【详细解答】可以对上下文已知部分进行逻辑的推理。前面讲到克林顿发起的“无血汗”运动勒令零售商和制造商对车间环境进行定期检查，他们肯定是不情愿的，但这是总统的命令，所以他们就“不情愿地接受”。B）“冷冷地拒绝”；C）“热烈地欢迎”；D）“强烈地谴责”均与上下文意思不符。

24.【答案】B。

【译文】下列关于国防部的陈述哪一项是正确的？

【试题分析】分析判断题(Making an analysis and a judgment)。即根据文章中提供的事实，经过分析、思考做出这样或那样的判断选择。

【详细解答】这类题需要事先通读全文，理解全文主旨，尤其是关于国防部的内容；然后再将四个选项进行比较，用排除法。A）国防部是美国第14大零售服装制造商，这与文章中retail apparel outlet（零售服装批发商店）不符；B）它没有按照《工作场所操作规范》行事，这与文章中has not signed the code of conduct正好相符；C）它要求承包商签署《工作场所操作规范》，这与文章中it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.相反；D）它要求劳工部发起一场运动，文章中没有提及。所以，对比分析可得知B为正确答案。

25.【答案】A。

【译文】克林顿政府发起“无血汗”运动的目的是什么？

【试题分析】细节理解中的词义转换题。这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。

【详细解答】文章第一段最后一句话“with much fanfare，...，their workplace conditions.”是说，克林顿政府借此小题大做，以勒令制造商们对车间环境进行定期检查。关键词有pressure（强制，压迫，勒令），to submit to（屈服，服从）。第二段第一句话“this campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Conduct.”更加直接说明了这场运动的目的，即让他们签署并执行这一规范。故A）为正确答案。

Passage Two

内容概要:

本文介绍了大众化投资的三种渠道，并分析了每种渠道的基本特征和适用对象。第一种是股票投资，回报丰厚，但风险较大；第二种是债券投资，回报稍少，但风险也较小，主要风险是借债人不还和通货膨胀；第三种是投资现金，回报较少，通货膨胀影响也较小。基本原则是：如果你长期不需要用钱，就投资股票；如果你短期内要用钱，就投资债券和现金。

26.【答案】D。 【译文】文章的目的是给____提供建议？

【试题分析】归纳概括题。需要考生总结归纳短文(段落)的主题(subject)，中心思想(main idea)，标题(title)或作者的写作目的(purpose)。

【详细解答】通读全文后可知，本文主要介绍了投资的三种渠道，并分析了每种渠道的利弊（即风险程度），如何降低风险来投资致富，即D所指“如何降低风险来致富”。A）“如何避免通货膨胀风险”，过于片面；B）“买入哪种债券”，不是文章的主题；C）“如何通过投资股票市场致富”，也过于片面。所以D）为正确答案，可以概括文章中心思想。

27.【答案】D。

【译文】作者提及洛克菲勒、比尔盖茨这样的百万富翁是想说明____？

【试题分析】推理判断题。根据文章某一部分内容推理出作者的言外之意。需要找准、读懂这部分内容，并分析与文章其它部分之间的联系和作用。

【详细解答】第一段最后一句话，“But today，...，starting out on his own needs a portfolio.”这是讲的今天每个人都可以根据自己的需要进行证券投资；推到前面一句，那么前面提及的百万富翁也都是根据自己的需要开始证券投资而致富的。A）“他们是我们迈向致富之路的榜样”，不具体，没有说明如何致富；B）“证券投资对于经济成功很关键”，这句话本身是正确的，但与第一段表达的意思不一致；C）“他们确实很富裕”，也不是第一段所想要表达的意思。D）“他们是从自己开始做起的”，这正是第一段所要表达的意思，即这些百万富翁是从自己做起开始致富的，而现在每个人都可以这样做，紧接着引入下面的投资指南。

28.【答案】D。

【译文】作者赞同下列哪一项陈述？

【试题分析】分析判断题。考生尽量考虑文中的全部信息或事实，在通盘理解文章的基础上去分析每个选项的正误。

【详细解答】这类题应在理解文章的基础上，着重比较四个选项，采取排除法。A）“只要有一些财产，每个人都可以致富”，凭常识判断这句话本身就不对，更与作者想要介绍投资渠道的必要性和方法相悖；B）“购买国债的信誉风险极高”，这句话与“The U.S. government stands behind Treasury bonds，so the credit risk is almost nil.”意思完全相反；C）“了解股票、债券和现金的优势并无用处”，这与作者的观点相反；D）“每个人都应该意识到金融财产重新分配的重要性。”这正是第一段作者所说的“每个人都可以根据自己的需要采用不同的投资方式致富”的前提。故选D）。 29.【答案】B。

【译文】第三段中的“returns”可以由以下哪个词替代？

【试题分析】猜测词义题。根据上下文来猜测生词的含义。

【详细解答】该词本身的意思是“回来，回报”，再看句子“stocks pay higher returns but are more risky.”是说股票有更高的回报，但风险更大；我们凭常识判断，股票的回报就是“赚钱，利润”。比较四个选项，B）profits（利润）正确。

30.【答案】C。

【译文】文章的作者指出____

【试题分析】分析判断题。比较四个选项，看哪一个符合作者的意思。

【详细解答】“作者指出”可以是文章中直接提到的，也可以是作者的言外之意，要结合文章判断四个选项本身是否正确。A）“保留现金是避免风险的唯一方式”，作者鼓励合理投资，显然这不是作者意思；B）“你持有股票越久，你损失越大。”这句话本身有误，文章中也没有提及；C）“高利润和高风险在股票市场中同时存在”，这正是第三段中“stocks pay higher returns but are more risky.”意思，所以正确；D）“积累财富最好的方式是投资股票”，作者在文章最后明确指出“如果你长期不需要用钱，就投资股票；如果你短期要用，就投资债券和现金。”所以该项也不正确。 Passage Three

内容概要:

本文介绍了两种基本统计方法的发展及它们的应用。第一种是描述性统计方法，包括计算、测量、列表、排序、描述以及调查，既可统计数量也可统计质量；第二种是推理统计方法，主要是抽样分析，然后推而广之，得出结论。

31.【答案】A。

【译文】本文主要讲述什么？

【试题分析】典型的归纳概括题，要求考生归纳总结文章的中心思想。

【详细解答】首先细想一下全文的内容概要，再看四个选项。A）“统计学的发展与应用”，正是文章所讲的主要内容；B）“描述性统计”的起源，只说了文章中很小的一个方面；C）“推理统计方法的局限性”，文章中没有提及；D）“统计的重要性”，不是本文的重点。综合比较，A）正确。

32.【答案】B。

【译文】描述和列表与____相关？

【试题分析】细节理解题。找到文章中相关的内容，理解其含义，然后做答。

【详细解答】从文章的第二段可以得知，描述和列表是描述性统计方法的两种形式。再看四个选项。A）“推理性统计”，没有任何关系；B）“描述性统计”，正好相关；C）“可能性理论”，从第一段末可知，该理论是用于推理性统计的；D）“计算的无效”，与文章内容不符。故选B）。

33.【答案】C。

【译文】关于描述性统计下列哪一个陈述是正确的？

【试题分析】分析判断题。对比分析，存真去伪。

【详细解答】仔细比较四个选项。A）“它将数量变量和质量变量结合起来了”，这误解了第二段中第二句话“either...or...”句型，要么是数量变量，要么是质量变量；B）“它只能用来处理数量变量”，也与上面句型含义相悖；C）“它有助于总结一组数据的特征”，这正是第二段最后一句话“Large masses of data... the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.”的含义；D）“它有助于使用观察抽样进行预测”，这是推理性统计。所以选C）。

34.【答案】B。

【译文】与第二段中“unwieldy”单词意思最接近的是____

【试题分析】猜测词义题。通过上下文的含义猜测生词的词义，将四个选项分别放到原句子中去比较也不失为一种好办法。

【详细解答】第二段最后一句话“Large masses of data... the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.”的意思是说，大量的数据群必须要有一个总结或减收的过程，以从可能是乱七八糟的数据群中找出其特征，关键词是otherwise，表示前后有个对比。可见后面提及的unwieldy mass of data是难以处理的数据。再看四个选项：A）“难以收集”，文章没有提收集；B）“难以处理”，与上下文正好相符；C）“不可理解的”，前面说将它们整理成容易理解的形式，可见它们还是“可以理解的”；D）“不可控制的”，与句意不符。故选B）。

35.【答案】A。

【译文】人口抽样经常用于下列目的，哪一项除外？

【试题分析】细节理解题。找到文章中关于人口抽样的内容，再进行比较选择。但要注意选的是除外的那一项。 【详细解答】文章最后一段讲到抽样100个小孩来进行分析预测。A）“进行更加准确的趋势预测”，抽样本身就不可能是为了更加“准确”，所以A错，应该选A。B）“提高效率，避免不必要工作”，这正是抽样的作用；C）“省去找每个成员的麻烦”，这也正是人口抽样的优势；D）“预测全体人群的特征”，正是人口抽样的目的。所以选A）。 Passage Four

内容概要:

本文介绍了机器人在日本的迅速发展和广泛应用。机器人在实际工作岗位上可以替代工人完成大量的工作，并表现出诸多的优势。正因为机器人的优点，日本人通常要举行隆重的仪式欢迎机器人投入工厂作业。日本著名的机器人专家伊纳巴博士发明了大量机器人，正梦想着统治全世界的机器人行业。

36.【答案】B。

【译文】根据作者的观点，下列哪一项对于日本人来讲是不正确的？

【试题分析】分析判断题。通读全文，并仔细比较四个选项；但要注意选择不正确的那一项。

【详细解答】在理解全文的基础上，比较四个选项。A）是第一段第三句话的原话，所以正确；B）“机器人意味着人们不必从事肮脏和吵闹的工作”，与第一段第四句话含义有所区别，原文是说，有了机器人人们就没有必要“忍受（put up with）肮脏、吵闹的工作，所以B与原文意思不完全一致；C）和D）也是文章中所提及的。相比较，A）、C）和D）都是文章中的原话，只有B）不符原意。故选B。

37.【答案】C。

【译文】“他在为机器人举行典礼仪式时，说这样的话‘欢迎光临我们的这位同事，我们希望你能帮助他安顿下来。’没有一个人笑”，从这句话可以推断出什么？

【试题分析】细节推理题。理解这句话的含义，然后推理出其中的深层含义，可进行比较选择。

【详细解答】这句话是对上帝说的。在场的人都很肃穆，没有一个人笑，说明日本人在这种场合表现出虔诚，这是对机器人的一种尊敬。四个选项中，C）最符合原意。日本人不笑并不能说明他们没有幽默感，也不是没有听懂牧师的话，他们的尊敬也没有过头，所以A）、B）、D）均不符题意。

38.【答案】A。

【译文】下列关于FANUC的陈述哪一个不正确？

【试题分析】分析判断题。

【详细解答】文章倒数第二段中提到FANUC，这是日本一家专门研制机器人的公司。A）“工人们在加班时会有更高的回报”，可是文章中有一句话：“However，workers are expected to put in demanding unpaid overtime.”这种overtime 是unpaid（没有报酬的），所A不正确。B）、C）、D）选项均为文章中的原话。故选A）。

39.【答案】A。

【译文】“我们禁不住这样认为，如果他也想到将他的机器人设计为边工作边吹口哨，那么他统治全世界机器人行业和相关应用的梦想就会更加娴雅地实现。”下列哪句话不是由这段文字推断出来的？

【试题分析】分析判断题。

【详细解答】这段文字中think的宾语从句中使用的是虚拟语气，表示不可能的假设，同时对Inada没有想到这样做表示一种遗憾和惋惜。A）是表示我们的技术还不足以让Inada实现梦想，原文中是说他的梦想会更加娴雅地实现，意即他的梦想已经实现，所以A错；B）和C）均是说他的梦想太现实，缺乏人性，他设计的机器人并没有边工作边吹口哨（这代表一种休闲的工作方式），而作者认为这样，所以B和C均对；D）是说作者赞同Inada博士的梦想，从文字的语气中可以得知作者是希望他实现梦想的，而且还提出了更好地实现梦想的建议，所以D也对。根据题意的要求，选A。

40.【答案】B。

【译文】“欢迎光临我们的这位同事，我们希望你能帮助他安顿下来。”这句话中的“co-worker”指什么？

【试题分析】猜测词义题。根据上下文猜测文中的指代名词，这需要分析这个指代名词的真正所指。

【详细解答】这句话中，这位同事（co-worker）显然与后半句中的“他”是同指，“他”安顿下来，那么“他”指什么呢？结合这是机器人投入使用的典礼仪式，是谁安顿下来呢？显然就是即将投入使用的机器人。所以“这位同事”（co-worker）是指即将投入使用的机器人，即B。

Part Ⅴ

写作指导：

这是一篇限制性提纲作文。由于已经给出了写作主题和段落模式，所以必须紧扣标题，严格遵守提纲，达到规定字数。构思时结构一定要清晰，建议使用四段式，第一段综述，第二、三段分述，第四段做总结，二、三段是重点。可将提纲中的两点作为第二段和第三段的主题句，但不要逐字翻译，然后再找2～3个与主题相关的素材展开说明。另外还需注意：①写好第一句话。这样容易给阅卷者留下一个好印象，最好能用上一个漂亮的复合句，里面再用上2～3个难的单词或词组，但不能出错。

②在写作时尽量多用长句，少用短句，适当加入几个结构较复杂的句子。可多用连接性的词组或单词，如first，second，moreover，for one thing...for another，on the one hand...on the other hand等等。可以把它们置于段首或文中比较显著的位置，这样会使文章更具条理性。③注意结尾的时候要点题，把自己的观点明确说出来。文章

不要写得太长，这样容易引起阅卷者的反感，达到字数就可以了。④如有可能，适当加上一两句名言或是谚语，以显示你的水平。最后要注意没有语法错误，并保持卷面干净整洁。

本文可以这样写：首先第一段介绍在生活和工作节奏不断加快的今天，人们会碰到各种各样的个人危机，如：工作事业上的，婚恋家庭上的，人际关系上的等等；第二段则按照提纲中的第一点重点分析造成个人危机的起因，主要有自身处理事物能力不足，外部环境较为不利，以及运气不佳等等；第三段则根据提纲中第二点提出应对个人危机的方法，要根据第二段中的起因来提应对方法，可以写需要个人有坚强的意志毅力和不懈的努力奋斗，积极改善外部环境，善于抓住机遇；第四段可以适应发挥，进一步阐明自己的观点，并提出希望。

当然，也可以按照提纲就写两段，只要说清问题即可。

参考范文：

How to Deal with Personal Crisis

Since different person may come across different crisis，it is difficult to answer why personal crisis will happen and what leads to the situation. It depends. But the main origins and causes can be concluded in the following three aspects：lack of strong mind and personal incompetence to overcome difficulty，disadvantageous surroundings，and bad luck. Only when one person does well in all these three aspects，can he or she avoid personal crisis.

But anyway，All is not lost that is in danger. Every cloud has a silver lining. One will surely come out from the crisis if he masters the right methods. At first，he should envisage the crisis with the right eye. And then，he should be strongly-minded and be perseverant all the time. Thirdly，he should try his best to improve relation with his boss，colleagues，partners，friends，and his family members in order to get a better surrounding. At last，he should try to grasp every chance to make progress. In this way，the crisis can be transferred to success.

本套试卷测试语言重点

10个重点单词：

simultaneous: 同时发生的〒deteriorate:（使）恶化

migrate: （使）移居，移往eligible: 符合条件的，合格的

alternate: 交替，轮流，改变cook: 厨师

self-conscious: 有自知之明的

minimum:最低限度的，最小量

distribute: 分发，分配，分布

competent: 能够胜任的，有能力的

4个重点词组：

start out: 出发，动身，起家

settle in: 安顿，迁入

coincide with: 与……一致，与……同时发生

on the course of: 在……的过程中

中国名校六级密卷(2)

北京师范大学外文学院范民

Part ⅡReading Comprehension(35 minutes) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like what other people say. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught—to work, run, climb, whistle, or ride a bicycle. They compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find a way to get the right answer. Let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams and marks. Let us thro w them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, that is, how to measure their own understanding and how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world? Don’t worry ! if it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.”

21.What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?

A) By making mistakes and having them pointed out by others.

B) By having their mistakes corrected.

C) By noticing their problems and making changes.

D) By listening to explanations from skilled people.

22.According to the passage, a teacher’s duty is to____.

A) providing students with help when necessary

B) finding out students’mistakes and correcting them

C) teaching students the essential knowledge that they will need in their future life

D) telling students the correct answers

23.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are____.

A) not really important skills

B) more important than other skills

C) basically the same in that we learn by practising and making changes

D) quite different in terms of the way of learning

24.Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be assessed by ____.

A) educated persons

B) the children themselves

C) teachers

D) parents

25.The author fears that if adults always correct mistakes for children, children will grow up to be____.

A) fearful of making mistakes

B) too critical of themselves

C) unable to think for themselves

D) unable to use basic skills Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. Its shrilling clamour（喧闹声）dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screens and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the road-side billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights at night.

Advertising has been among England’s biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrate achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure?

Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they finish it, by pretending that it gives status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover(养尊处优).

Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is or another, some alteration seems called for how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.

26.According to the passage modern advertising becomes one of the most prosperous industries because____.

A) people are more concerned with the image of a product rather than the product itself

B) it saves manufacturers from considering how the products can appeal to customers

C) there are all kinds of media available

D) there are many excellent advertisers who can make their voices authoritative

27.The forms of advertising mentioned in paragraph 1 would have least impact ____.

A) in the rush hours B) during working hours

C) before working hours

D) after working hours

28．According to the passage, a designer of products is preoccupied with the following problems EXCEPT ____.

A) customer appeal B) man-hour

C) machine tolerance D) stress factors

29.Advertisers are appreciated by manufacturers because they ____.

A) advise them on ways of giving a product customer appeal

B) accept responsibility for giving a product customer appeal

C) advise them on the best time to go ahead with production

D) consult them during the design and development stages

30．According to the last paragraph, if changes are called for, some manufactures are more willing to change ____.

A) the image of a product

B) the function of a product

C) the quality of a product

D) the price of a product Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Telecommuting—substituting the computer for the trip to the job—has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.

For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.

But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.

Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child: she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.

These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. Management, too, must separate the myth from reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employees’situation, not the availability of technology, that

precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.

That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.

31．Which of the following is not mentioned as a problem related to office work?

A) Wasting time in traffic.

B) The conflict between child-care and work.

C) The inflexible schedule.

D) The high expense on office equipment.

32．According to the passage, how does telecommuting benefit management?

A) It enables workers to work intensively without being disturbed by colleagues.

B) It can reduce the rush-hour congestion.

C) It can free workers from office.

D) It can stabilize the staff since they can better take care of the family.

33．What subject does the passage mainly talk about?

A) Business management strategies.

B) The use of computer.

C) The life style of telecommuters.

D) Extending the workplace by means of computers.

34．According to the passage, the idea of telecommuting is not very realistic because____.

A) it’s difficult to take care of small children and concentrate on work at the same time

B) computer technology is not advanced enough

C) electrical malfunctions can destroy a project

D) the workers do not always have all the needed resources at home

35. Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?

A) A scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space station.

B) A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home.

C) A computer technician repairing an office computer network.

D) A teacher directing computer assisted learning in a private school. Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

The world has spent on preparation for war more than $112 billion a year, roughly $450 per head for every man, woman, and child in the world. Let us consider for a moment what could be done with this sum of money if it were spent on peace and not on war. Some of it, at any rate, in the more prosperous countries, could be spent on the reduction of taxation. The rest should be spent in ways that will, at the same time, be of benefit to mankind and a solution to the economic problem of change from war industry to the expansion of peace industries. As to this expansion, let us begin with the most elementary of all needs, namely, food. Today, the majority of mankind suffers from undernourishment, and in view of the population explosion, this situation is likely to grow worse in the coming decades. A very small part of what is now being spent upon weapons would improve our predicament. Not only could the American surplus of grain, which was for many years uselessly destroyed, be spent in relief of famine, but, by irrigation, large region now desert could be made fertile, and by improvement in transport, distribution from regions of excess to regions of scarcity could be helped.

Housing, even in the richest countries, is often disastrously inadequate. This could be relieved by a tiny fraction of what is being spent on missiles. Education everywhere, but especially in the newly liberated countries of Africa and Asia, demands an expenditure many times as great as that which it receives now. But it is not only greater expenditure that is needed in education. If the terror of war were removed, science could be devoted to improving human welfare, instead of to the invention of increasingly expensive methods of mutual killing, and schools would no longer think it a part of their duty to promote hatred of possible enemies by means of ignorance hardened by lies.

36.According to the passage, the problem of famine can be relieved by the following means EXCEPT ____.

A) increasing taxes in rich countries

B) distributing food from regions of excess to regions of scarcity

C) controlling population explosion

D) developing irrigating techniques

37．Which of the following is not mentioned as benefits derived from diverting money spent on war to peaceful purposes?

A) Taxes could be reduced.

B) Better housing could be provided.

C) Famine could be relieved.

D) Population explosion could be controlled.

38．It can be inferred that the author’s attitude is ____.

A) ideal B) pessimistic

C) pragmatic D) optimistic

39．It can be inferred that schools of today often have to ____.

A) teach knowledge of war

B) promote hatred towards possible enemies

C) teach students not to tell lies

D) close due to inadequate funds

40．The bold word “undernourishment”(Line 9, Para. 1) most probably means ____.

A) war disaster B) poverty

C) lack of nutrition D) certain disease

Part ⅤWriting (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pressure in Modern Life. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.现代生活充满压力；

2.压力对人身心的影响；

3.如何缓解压力。

答案与详解

Part Ⅱ

Passage One

内容概要: 本篇文章谈到学生在学习语言时，教师总是习惯于指出并纠正学生的错误，这种方法是不妥的。语言的学习和其他技能的学习一样，学生可以在实践的过程中发现问题，做出相应改变。教师的过多干涉只会增强学生的依赖型，因此不可取。教师的职责是在学生需要时给予帮助，使学生对自己的能力做出正确评价。

21.【答案】C。

【试题分析】事实辨认题。

【详细解答】文章指出，孩子们学习很多技能和学习语言一样，犯了错误不需要总是被指出并纠正，他们会自觉地与其他人做比较，从而发现问题，并且做出改变，故选项C正确。

22.【答案】A。

【试题分析】事实辨认题。

【详细解答】文章有这样的句子“Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find a way to get the right answer”，因此教师的任务不是给他们正确答案，也不是纠正他们的错误，根据文中“The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours.”

的意思，作者认为在这个复杂多变的社会里，教师的任务也不应仅仅是传授一些必需的知识，故只有A正确。 23.【答案】C。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】文章指出，学习语言和学习其他技能如同骑自行车一样，需要在使用这种技能的过程中发现问题，并做出相应的变化，这样才能得到提高。故C符合文章的本意。

24.【答案】B。

【试题分析】推理题。

【详细解答】文章指出孩子们要学习和知道的并不是所谓的正确答案，重要的是要对自己已知和未知的东西有一个正确的了解，因此只有他们才能对自己的能力做出正确评价。

25.【答案】C。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】文章指出，如果教师总是指出并纠正学生的错误，学生就会过于依赖教师而不会自己做出判断，故C 正确。

Passage Two

内容概要: 本文谈到广告在人们的生活中无处不在，无孔不入，广告业也成为二战后英国最兴盛的产业之一，原因在于广告可使厂家不必再花费心思于如何吸引顾客，他们可以把这一切都交给广告商的包装和宣传。

26.【答案】B。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】文章第三段谈及了广告业兴旺的原因：“Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer”，即厂家不必再去考虑如何吸引顾客，而是把它交给广告。故B正确。 27.【答案】B。

【试题分析】推理题。

【详细解答】文章第一段列举了广告进入人们生活的各种途径，如电视、收音机、报纸、地铁站等，所有这些都是人们在路途中或休闲时听到或看到的，而不是在上班时间，故B。

28.【答案】A。

【试题分析】细节题。

【详细解答】根据文中第三段“The designer is busy enough without adding customer appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors”可知答案为A。

29.【答案】B。

【试题分析】推断题。

【详细解答】根据文章第三段，厂家可以不必去考虑如何吸引顾客，而把这些都交给广告商。因此应选B，即广告商要承担使产品更具吸引力的任务。

30.【答案】A。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】最后一段的大意是某些厂家宁愿通过广告改变产品的形象，而不愿去花费心思改变产品本身。故答案为A。

Passage Three

内容概要: 本文针对使用电脑在家办公这样一种新的工作方式发表评论，指出它虽然有若干好处，但在某些方面并不现实，因此真正实行用电脑在家办公的公司并不多。

31.【答案】D。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】从第二段可以看出，A,B,C项都是在普通的办公室工作中存在的，人们希望通过在家办公来解决的问题，只有D项没有提到，故选D。

32.【答案】A。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】从文章第二段“telecommuting ... allows periods of solitude for high concentration tasks”可以得知，在家办公对于管理方的好处在于员工可以更专心地投入那些需要注意力高度集中的工作。故选项A正确。

33.【答案】D。

【试题分析】主旨题。

【详细解答】文章主要讨论了一种新的工作方式——使用电脑在家办公，因此D（通过电脑使工作空间扩大）是正确选项。

34.【答案】A。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】从文中第五段句子“Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time”可知选项A正确。

35.【答案】B。

【试题分析】细节题。

【详细解答】本题问的是哪一项是文章所给的使用计算机在家办公的例子。根据文章第四段中“A computer programmer ... stays in contact with her office via computer”可知，只有B与之相符。

Passage Four

内容概要: 文章指出全世界每年花费巨额的金钱用于为战争做准备，如果将这笔钱用于和平的目的，会解决当今世界面临的许多问题，从而大大改善人们的生活。

36.【答案】A。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】文章第一段指出，当今世界很多地方还没有解决温饱问题，而人口的膨胀使这个问题在下一个十年会变得更加严重。文章还提出，通过发展灌溉和交通，这个问题有望得到缓解。故应选A。

37.【答案】D。

【试题分析】事实辨析题。

【详细解答】文章提到将用于军备的钱用于和平的目的，能够减少税收、改善居住条件、解决温饱问题。只有D 未被提到，故应选D。

38.【答案】B。

【试题分析】推理题。

【详细解答】通观全文，可以看出作者用大部分篇幅描述当今世界面临的各种问题，其态度基本上是悲观的。

39.【答案】B。

【试题分析】推理题。

【详细解答】根据文章最后一句话，在目前情况下，学校常常不得不教育孩子们，以期在孩子的心目中制造对假想敌人的仇恨，故选B。

40.【答案】C。

【试题分析】词汇题。

【详细解答】根据上下文，此处探讨的是有些地区面临的温饱问题，故只有C（缺乏营养）贴近词意。

Part Ⅴ

写作指导：

本文第一段适合使用举例法，说明现代生活中人们要承受哪些压力。第二段要注意从身心两方面（physically and psychologically）说明压力的影响，因为第三段要谈如何缓解压力，故在此应侧重负面影响，而对正面影响可以一带而过。第三段提出解决方法。注意各段的主题句要清晰、明确。

参考范文：

Pressure in Modern Life People are faced with more and more pressure in modern life. Adults have to compete with one another for better jobs, higher pays, desirable prizes and opportunities of promotion. Even small children have to compete in order to obtain opportunities to receive better education. Therefore, life in the modern society is quite stressful. Although pressure can motivate people to make greater efforts in their work and study, it does a lot of harm to people’s physical and psychological health. For example, people easily get tired under pressure. And constant pressure contributes to many other negative aspects of mental state, such as irritability, tension, gloominess, restlessness, etc.

It is necessary to relax yourself and get rid of the negative consequences of pressure. For example, when you are having too much pressure, it is advisable to listen to some light music or take part in some sports activities. It is also helpful to talk to a close friend about what is on your mind, or take a trip so that your attention can be diverted from the task for some time. All these activities can help you to reduce pressure and handle tasks more effectively and efficiently. 本套试卷测试语言重点

10个重点单词：

adjust:调整，校准；适应mobile: 活动的，流动的

carry: 传送，输送issue:指刊物的一期

deserve: 值得，应该享有，名副其实

approach:后面接介词to，表示方法、步骤

release:发布（新闻），发行（电影）；释放，放开

convey: 表达，传达（思想、感情等）

advisable: 明智的，可取的

complicated: 复杂的

4个重点词组：

break off：突然停止，中断

take to：养成某种爱好，变得喜欢（经常）做某事

call for：应当，需要（采取某行动），要求（有）

at random：随便地，任意地……中国名校六级密卷(3)

上海外国语大学新闻传播学院李美

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild （行会）. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called “popular science” makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.

21.Special words used in technical discussion____.

A) never last long

B) should be confined to scientific fields

C) may become part of common speech

D) are considered artificial language speech

22.It is true that____.

A) everyone is interested in scientific findings

B) the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him

C) an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms

D) various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons

23.In recent years,there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the terminology of____.

A) fishery B) farming C) government D) sports 24.The writer of the article was, undoubtedly ____.

A) a linguist B) an attorney C) a scientist D) an essayist

25.The author’s main purpose in the passage is to____.

A) describe a phenomenon

B) propose a solution

C) be entertaining

D) argue a belief

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or petroleum—a dark, thick ooze（渗出物，分泌物）from the earth—had been known for hundreds of years. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850’s Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepage and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum. The first oil well was drilled by E.L.Drake,a retired railroad conductor.In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville,Pennsylvania.The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it“Drake’s Folly.”But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters),Drake struck oil.His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.

News of Drake’s success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860’s these wildcatters were drilling for “black gold” all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880’s and 1890’s refiners learned how to make other products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil. 26.According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had made a mistake by ____.

A) moving Pennsylvania

B) retiring from his job

C) searching for oil

D) going on a whaling expedition

27.According to the passage, what is “black gold”?

A) Gold ore. B) Sstolen money.

C) Whale oil. D) Crude oil.

28.Why does the author mention the California gold rush?

A) To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth.

B) To argue that gold was more valuable than oil.

C) To describe the mood when oil was first discovered.

D) To explain the need for an increased supply of gold.

29.The author mentions all of the following as possible products of crude oil EXCEPT____.

A) gasoline B) kerosene

C) wax D) plastic 30.What might be the best title for the passage? A) Oil Refining: A Historical Perspective.

B) Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel.

C) The California Gold Rush: Get Rich Quickly.

D) Private Property: Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted.

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human interliving, long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument. V oices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day these days on the issue of nuclear energy. Give it back, say some of the voices, it doesn’t really work, we’ve tried it and it doesn’t work, go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man. The principle discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance about nature. Things that used to seem clear and rational, matters of absolute certainty-Newtonian mechanics, for example-have slipped through our fingers, and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities; some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress. Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today’s imagining. It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves. 31.What can’t be inferred from the 1st paragraph?

A) Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.

B) For three hundred years there have been people holding hostile attitude toward science.

C) Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously.

D) Three hundred years is not long enough to settle back critical appraisal of scientific method.

32.The principle discovery in this century shows ____.

A) man has overthrown Newton’s laws of physics

B) man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzles

C) man has lost many scientific discoveries

D) man has given up some of the once accepted theories

33.Now scientists have found in the past few years____.

A) the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessary

B) the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machine

C) man knows nothing about DNA

D) man has much to learn about DNA

34.The writer’s main purpose in writing the passage is to say that ____.

A) science is just at its beginning

B) science has greatly improved man’s life

C) science has made profound progress

D) science has done too little to human beings

35.The writer’s attitude towards science is ____.

A) critical B) approving

C) neutral D) regretful

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse（毒品滥用）seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “ underground ”papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock music videos on cable television’s MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult（风靡一时的）film among users, many of whom got high to watch it. Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention: prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier’s contention that “if the Pe psi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver’s license. 36.According to the passage, up to now, antidrug education____.

A) has made all people see the danger of drugs

B) has succeeded in dissuading people from using drugs C) has been effective only to a certain degree

D) has proved to be a total failure

37.The film “Reefer Madness”mentioned in the passage____.

A) effectively deterred marijuana use

B) was rejected by young marijuana users

C) did not picture the danger of marijuana realistically

D) was welcomed by marijuana users because it told them how to get high

38.The message “all drugs are terrible for you”is not influential because____.

A) it ignores the fact that drugs vary greatly in danger

B) it gives a false account of the risks of drug use

C) some drugs are good for health

D) it does not appear in underground papers

39.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Even balanced and reasonable antidrug persuasion is influential only to some people.

B) Most drug users are ignorant of the danger of drugs.

C) Punishments such as loss of a driver’s license do not seem to be an effective way to stop drunken driving.

D) Primary prevention is a useful principle to be followed in antidrug education.

40.The best title for the passage would be ____.

A) Are All Drugs Terrible for You?

B) Do People Believe What Underground Papers Say?

C) Is There an Increased Awareness of the Risks of Drugs?

D) Can Persuasion Reduce Drug Abuse?

Part ⅤWriting (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition based on the following news extracted from newspaper, commenting on what had happened and giving your own understanding of it. You should write at least 150 words and give your own writing an appropriate title.

“香港著名影、视、歌三栖明星张国荣四月一日从香港某高层楼纵身跳下，自杀身亡……”

——《新民晚报》

Section B

Passage One

William Shakespeare was christened in the market town of Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire, on April 26,1564; traditionally, his actual birthday was three days earlier, on St. George’s day, the same day as his death fifty-two years later. His father, John, was a respected middle-class trader, and his mother, Mary Arden, came from a family of local landowners. It seems probable that young William received a fair education (for his day) at the local Grammar School; at the age of eighteen he married a girl eight years older than himself, Anne Hathaway, who gave him a child the following year and twins in 1585. Little else is known of his early life, and so we cannot tell what made him decide to leave Stratford in 1586 for London, where he stayed until 1611. In London he must soon have attracted attention, because by 1592 he was a popular enough writer and actor to be laughed at by an older dramatist as an uneducated Jack of all trades. He is mentioned as

being among the principal actors of the city as early as 1598, and in 1599 we find that he is a member of the company running the Globe Theater, with one-tenth interest in the profits-showing a business sense rarely seen in his fellow writers. His popularity is indicated by the fact that not only were his own plays published under his name, which was a rare procedure in his day, but also plays by others are to be found attributed to him, as if to indicate that his name alone would promise a good sale. 11.When did William Shakespeare die?

12.When did Shakespeare and his wife have their first child?

13.Which one can we infer from the article?

14.Which of the following is true?

Passage Two

Centuries ago, during the Middle Ages, most of the land in Europe was owned by many different kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies. They did not all get along. They were always fighting. They all wanted to get more land. To protect themselves, they started building huge homes out of stone. They called their homes castles.

A castle was built behind a strong stonewall. The wall was five or six feet thick and ten to twenty feet high. A deep ditch called a moat was dug around the outside of the wall. It was often filled with water, and the only way anyone could enter the castle was to cross a drawbridge. The drawbridge could be raised or lowered over the moat from inside the castle walls. There was also a tunnel that began in the castle and ended at the moat. This was important in case the castle was captured. It allowed the king and queen to escape. They could swim across the moat and hide in the forest. Living in a castle was not very comfortable. The rooms were cold and damp. Every room could have a fire burning in a great fireplace, but until the twelfth century castles did not have chimneys. The smoke from their fireplaces had to go out through open doors and windows. Meals often had ten or twelve courses. The meat might be wild boar or birds that were boiled or roasted over an open fire. All the food was highly seasoned. People even put pepper in their drinks! The people sat at a long table and ate with their fingers and a knife, all picking their food from the same big dish. They had no napkins. Therefore, they often wiped their hands on pieces of bread. When their fingers were clean, they threw the bread to their hunting dogs. 15.Which of the following statements is NOT true about castles?

16.What can be inferred from the people’s eating habit in a castle?

17.What is the main topic of this passage?

Passage Three

Years ago before there were refrigerators, an icehouse was a building used for storing ice. The first icehouses were in the cellars of farmhouses. Pieces of ice, mixed with snow and meadow grass, were piled in winter and kept until the following summer. Soon farmers began to build separate houses for storing ice. These icehouses had double walls with bay stuffed between to keep out any heat. Blocks of ice were put inside the icehouse and packed with straw or sawdust. Where did the ice for these icehouses come from? Workers took it from a frozen pond or river. They sawed the ice into even blocks. Then they pulled the ice blocks from the water with hooks and carried them to the icehouses on sleds. Special tools helped the workers cut and handle the ice. Ice axes chopped large holes in the ice. Ice saws cut the ice into even blocks. Choppers loosened these blocks from one another. Ice hooks fastened themselves into the large blocks. Then they could be carried over the frozen surface of the pond or river. Tongs were used to pick up the smaller blocks of ice. Ships carried ice all over the world. In 1799 the first boatload in the United States was sent from New York City to icehouses in New Orleans, Louisiana. A boatload was sent from Boston, Massachusetts, to the West Indies to help fight yellow fever in 1805. Ice merchants in Boston also shipped tons of ice from ponds and rivers to cities in Europe. 18.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step for farmers to store ice in icehouses?

19.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

20.Which of the following is the correct order in which workers cut and handle ice?

答案与详解

Part Ⅱ

Passage One

内容概要: 本文讨论的重点是各行各业的专业词汇。不同的职业，其专业词汇具有自身的特征。比如商业、手工业、农业及渔业的专业词汇中包含大量的古文。然而，随着大众科学的普及，人们对近期的发明创造变得越来越熟悉，并将某些专有名词应用在了自己的日常交流之中了。 21.【答案】C。 【译文】用于技术交流中的某些专用词汇也可以用于日常交流之中。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】见文章最后一句话，Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace. 说明人们在日常谈话中总会使用一些新的专有词汇使之成为日常用语。这一思想与答案C一致。 22.【答案】B。 【译文】普通人会在自己的日常用语中使用他过去并不使用的专用术语。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】本题与前面的21题有相通之处。根据文章内容，A（每个人都对科学发现感兴趣）是没有根据的、太过绝对的断言；C（受过教育的人都应该了解大多数的专有名词）显然也是无根据的，而“不同的专业或行业之间经常互换行话”（选项D）在文中也找不到根据。只有答案B与文章的最后几句话相吻合。 23.【答案】C。 【译文】近年来，专用术语的数量具有明显增长的是行政管理方面的术语。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】该段文章的段中有一句话：And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts.说明自然科学、政治学及机械学领域的术语增加最快，只有答案C符合这种说法。 24.【答案】A。 【译文】该文作者肯定是一名语言学家。 【试题分析】综合分析题，通过理解全文推理得知答案。 【详细解答】根据文章所谈论的主题，即不同行业的专用术语的问题，显然作者是一位语言学家，而不是律师（B）科学家（C）或评论家（D）。 25.【答案】A。 【译文】作者写作本文的主要目的是描写一种现象。 【试题分析】综合分析推论题，在理解全文的基础上推理得知答案。 【详细解答】根据全文内容，作者在文中介绍了各种不同行业的专用名词的特点，以及这些术语的发展和使用情况，显然是陈述性质的，是向读者描述某种现象，而不是为了提供解决问题的方案（B），因为根本没有提出任何问题；更不是为了娱乐（C）和争辩（D）。因此正确答案是A。 Passage Two

内容概要: 本文讲述的美国内战后发展起来的新兴工业——炼油业的相关情况。19世纪50年代一位名叫Samuel M. Kier的人首次炼出了煤油。它的出现取代了鲸油供人们电灯照明。E. L. Drake是第一个钻井成功的人。他的成功为以后大量的勘探者带来了取之不尽的财富。 26.【答案】C。 【译文】许多人开始时认为E. L. Drake搜寻石油的做法是错误的。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】根据文章第三段对该事件的描述，得知E. L. Drake这位退休列车长试图在Pennsylvania 的Titusville钻井，但旁观者认为其行为很不现实甚至很愚蠢，直到他打到70英尺深处打出石油。因此，答案应是C。 27.【答案】D。 【译文】根据文章内容，black gold （黑色黄金）指的是“原油”。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】文章第一段第二句话对原油进行了明确的介绍：原油也叫石油，是地下的一种黑色渗出物。这里的“黑色渗出物”也就是第3段谈到的E. L. Drake试图开采的东西，即第4段所谓的black gold（黑色黄金）。因此，正确答案是D。 28.【答案】C。 【译文】作者提到加州的淘金热，目的是描述石油被首次发现时带给人们的激动情绪。 【试题分析】综

合分析推理题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】文章第4段提到加州淘金热时，原文写道：The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement...意思是说（当时人们投入开采“黑色黄金”的）热潮可以与1848年的加州淘金热相媲美。这显然是为了向读者描述石油被首次发现时带给人们的激动情绪，因此选C。 29.【答案】D。 【译文】作者在文中提到由原油生产出的产品不包括塑料。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】根据文章第一段就得知煤油（B. kerosene）是原油提炼出来的；再根据文章最后一段，得知汽油（A. gasoline）和蜡（C. wax）也是由原油生产而来，所以本题的正确答案应是D。 30.【答案】A。 【译文】可以作为本文题目的是：炼油的历史变迁。 【试题分析】综合分析归纳推论题，根据全文内容归纳总结得出答案。 【详细解答】根据全文内容，本文主要是介绍炼油的历史，正确答案是A。选项B, C, D的中心词分别是“煤油灯”、“加州淘金热”、“私有财产”，显然都不妥。 Passage Three

内容概要: 本文讨论的是科学的进步与人类的发展。三百年以来，我们一直在从事各种科学活动，试图利用科学，揭开科学的神秘面纱，从而构建现代文明。但是，科学发展到现在还只是个开端，人类在各项研究方面都需要继续探索和努力，只有这样，人类才能不断提高对自身的认识。 31.【答案】C。 【译文】与第一段内容相悖的是：现代文明依赖科学的发展，因此所有的人都毫无异议地支持科技的进步。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】文章第一段提到：...maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.也就是说，对于将科学继续进行下去，人们观点不一。并且下文就不同的观点进行了详细的阐述，因此答案C是正确的。与之相比较，其他三个选项均是错误的。 32.【答案】D。 【译文】本世纪的主要发现表明，人类已经放弃了某些曾经接受的理论。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】见文章第3段，尤其是最后几句话，...some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress. 得知人类对理论所采取的做法是修正，摈弃，甚至采取立法手段等，因此正确答案是D。 33.【答案】D。 【译文】在过去的几年里，科学家发现人们对DNA尚需进行继续深入研究。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】承接第4段末尾人们对DNA的再认识（But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today’s imagining.），作者在第5段指出了对DNA研究的态度：继续深入地开展下去。由此确定答案为D。 34.【答案】A。 【译文】作者写作此文的目的是说明科学才刚刚起步。 【试题分析】总结归纳题，通过理解全文归纳出答案。 【详细解答】文章的最后一段明确指出，It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do.从而清楚地将作者的观点公之于众，那就是说，科学刚刚起步，面前的路还很长很长。因此答案应是A。虽然科学取得了很大进展（C），大大改善了人们的生活（B），但这都不是本文的写作目的。 35.【答案】B。 【译文】作者对待科学的态度是满意的。 【试题分析】综合归纳题，在理解文章主题思想的基础上推理得知答案。 【详细解答】根据全文的主题，作者对待科学的态度不是挑剔（A），中立（C）也不是遗憾（D），而是满意的积极的态度，所以应选择答案B。 Passage Four

内容概要: 本文讨论的人们对滥用毒品采取的态度问题。随着人们对毒品危害性的日益了解，毒品滥用的情况在减少，但“所有毒品都对人有极大危害”的说法显然不具有太大的影响力，因为人们都很明了毒品的毒性是有很大差异的。反毒品教育只是在一定程度上降低了毒品滥用的情况，但这个问题任重道远。 36.【答案】C。 【译文】根据文章内容得知，到目前为止，反毒品教育只是在某种程度上起到了一定的效果。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】文章第一段所述，antidrug education既没有完全失败（选项D. a total failure），也不是如选项A，B那样使所有的人都意识到了吸毒的危害，而是Observed declines in the use of such drugs...即在某种程度上了解了其危害，所以只有C是正确的。 37.【答案】C。 【译文】文中提到的Reefer Madness这部电影没有真实地反映大麻的危害。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】见文章第一段最后几行，了解到...Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s.也就是说，这部电影是一部相当不真实的反大麻宣传影片，因此正确答案是C。 38.【答案】A。 【译文】“所有的毒品对人的危害都极大”这种说法没有影响力是因为它忽略了毒品在危害性方面差异很大的事实。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】见文章第1段中部，Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you”message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed.明确得知答案是A。 39.【答案】B。 【译文】大多数吸毒者对毒品的危害都视而不见，这种说法是错误的。 【试题分析】细节辨析题，通过理解原文即可推理得知答案。 【详细解答】见文章第1段中部，Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you”message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. 得知吸毒者了解毒品在危害性上差异很大，因此答案是B。 40.【答案】D。 【译文】本文的题目是：勿滥用毒品——能劝好吗？ 【试题分析】综合归纳题，在理解全文基础上推理得知答案。 【详细解答】根据文章的主题，作者不是解释是否所有的毒品都有害（A），也不是吸毒的危害性是否已经被人所知（C），更不是地下报纸的可信度问题（B），正确答案只能是D。

Part Ⅴ 写作指导： 张国荣的自杀事件引起了大家的关注，就这个话题写一篇英文作文看上去容易，写起来不一定很简单，挖掘出新意来就更难了。一般来讲，就事论事的议论文不要面面俱到，应该选择一个或两个重点，从具体的着眼点进行议论评说。下面的范文以人生的结局为话题，展开对“自杀”的论述，应该说对考生是不无启发的。

参考范文： Is It a Perfect Ending?

Some people hear their inner voice of pursuing perfection, including a perfect ending. Such people become triumphant, but they choose to suicide. Mr. Zhang Guorong is among them. Ending never stops fascinating human beings. Ending is the most important part of a story, a period of history, a pursuit, and finally a life. Naturally we have certain kind of curiosity toward the end of our life, but death seems to be out of our reach. Suicide then becomes the fastest and the most convenient way to see the ending, especially for a perfectionist. To some degree, suicide is also a change for the better, at the cost of life. However, suicide doesn’t only cause death. It hurts the feelings of other people still alive. In other words, many broken hearts may become the victims of a released heart. In this sense, suicide is an action without responsibility. One may have his right to die, but he doesn’t have rights to hurt those who love him. Anyway, death is the last and worst solution to any problems, let alone a pursuit for perfection and a temptation to see the ending. 本套试卷测试语言重点 10个重点单词： exclusively: 排外地，专有地 inflict: 使……受（痛苦），给……以（打击） blur: 把视线、界限等弄得模糊不清 belittle: 轻视，使……显得渺小 hold: 使有效/可行/真实，有道理 inundate: 淹没 reasonably: 适度的，尚可以，过得去 fraction: 小部分，一点儿 assertion: 声明，断言 patronize: 资助，光顾 4个重点词组： take after: 长得相似 give way to: 让位于 run off: 复印，印刷，打印 feel inclined to do sth.: 想做某事中国名校六级密卷(4)

武汉大学外语学院游长松

Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 passages it this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the

administration of drugs and potions. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment. It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves. New information was always being gained as artisans improved techniques to gain better results.

The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, hampered by several factors. The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system. In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties, chemistry is nothing if not practical; those who practice it must use their hands, they must have a certain practical flair. Yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population. The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellectual content or interest.

The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy. Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood. Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the esoteric nature of the knowledge of alchemists, who were trying to transform base metals into gold or were concerned with the hunt for the elixir that would bestow the blessing of eternal life. In one sense, the second of these was the more serious impediment because the records of the chemical processes that early alchemists had discovered were often written down in symbolic language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure.

21. What is the passage mainly about?

A) The scientific revolution in the seventeenth century.

B) Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a science.

C) The practical aspects of chemistry.

D) Difficulties of organizing knowledge systematically.

22. According to the passage, how did knowledge about chemical processes increase before the seventeenth century?

A) Philosophers devised theories about chemical properties.

B) A special symbolic language was developed.

C) Experience led workers to revise their techniques.

D) Experts shared their discoveries with the public.

23. The bold word “hampered”in Line 1 Para 2 is closest in meaning to____.

A) recognized B) determined C) solved D) hindered

24. The bold word “it”refers to which of the following?

A) Problem. B) Material. C) Difficulty. D) System.

25. Which of the following statements best explains why “the second of these was the more serious impediment”(Underlined)?

A) Chemical knowledge was limited to a small number of people.

B) The symbolic language used was very imprecise.

C) Very few new discoveries were made by alchemists.

D) The records of the chemical processes were not based on experiments.

Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or petroleum a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850’s Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local scapages and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.

Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.

The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, are tired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “Drake’s Folly”. But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters),Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.

News of Drake’s success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860’s these wildcatters were drilling for “black gold”all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.

Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880’s and 1890’s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heatingoil.

26.What is the best title for the passage?

A) Oil Refining: A Historical Perspective

B) The California Gold Rush: Get Rich Quickly

C) Private Property: Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted

D) Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel

27.It can be inferred form the passage that kerosene was preferable to whale oil because whale oil was too____.

A) expensive B) thick C) hot D) polluted

28.According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had made a mistake by____.

A) going on a whaling expedition

B) moving to Pennsylvania

C) searching for oil

D) retiring from his job

29.Why does the author mention the California gold rush?

A) To explain the need for an increased supply of gold

B) To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth

C) To describe the mood when oil was first discovered

D) To argue that gold was more valuable than oil

30. Which of the following words could best replace the word “one”(Underlined)?

A) Oil. B) Door. C) Store. D) Product.

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

“Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major credit cards are accepted!” By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We don’t have a budget,”says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City’s South Street.“We just use our credit cards.”

The US has long been one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies. Now the US, still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement(廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30 % to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $ 79 billion in 1994. That’s up from $74 billion the year before.

True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge（无节制）has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.

The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the US needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the US stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $ 1624 a traveler versus the Americans’four nights and $298.

31. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ____.

A) are reluctant to carry cash with them

B) simply don’t care how much they spend

C) are not good at planning their expenditure

D) often spend more money than they can afford

32.The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ____.

A) it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the US

B) it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the US

C) tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the US dollar that year

D) Tourists came to the US for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year

33.By saying “nobody undersells America”(Underlined), the author means that ____.

A) no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products

B) nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities

C) nobody restrains the selling of American goods

D) no other country sells at a lower price than America

34.Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?

A) Because they have gained much publicity through the American media

B) Because they represent the world’s latest fashions

C) Because they embody the most sophisticated technology

D)Because they are available at all tourist destinations

35.From the passage we can conclude that the US has come to realize____.

A) the weakening of the US dollar can result in trade deficits

B) the lower the retail prices, the greater in profits

C) tourism can make great contributions to its economy

D) visitors to the US are wealthier than US tourists abroad

Passage Four

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in 1960s, but it was in the 1970’s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation. As well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene. One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s

eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.

Butler Square, in Minneapois, examplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights. San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which menders through the business district.

36. What is the main idea of the passage?

A) During the 1970’s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.

B) Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers.

C) The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.

D) Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.

37. What is the space at Quincy Market now used for?

A) Boston’s new city hall.

B) Sports and recreational facilities.

C) Commercial and industrial warehouses.

D) Restaurant, offices, and stores.

38. According to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in____. A) San Francisco B) Boston C) Minneapolis D) San Antonio

39. When was the Butler Square building originally built?

A) In the eighteenth century.

B) In the early nineteenth century.

C) In the late nineteenth century.

D) In the early twentieth century.

40. What is the author’s opinion of the San Antonio project?

A) It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.

B) It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.

C) The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.

D) The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.

Part ⅤWriting (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on Studying Abroad. Your composition must be based on the outline given below in Chinese. Your part of writing should be no less than 150 words. Remember to write neatly and you will be rewarded for that.

1. 有些人认为学生应该呆在自己的国家学习

2. 有些人认为学生应该到美国学习

3. 我的观点

答案与详解

Passage One

内容概要:

尽管化学只是在十七世纪的科学革命之后才成为一门学科出现，但是化学知识的使用已经拥有了非常悠久的历史。但是，研究化学的科学方法的发展被诸多因素给阻碍了，包括物质来源的多样性和把这些物质有系统地组织起来的难度，另外还有社会和智力上的困难。早期化学科学的最终问题就是秘密问题。在某一领域内，有人为了保守自己的经济利益把自己的发现作为秘密掩藏起来。

21.【答案】B。

【译文】本篇文章的主要内容是什么？

【试题分析】主题归纳型，通过总结和归纳，进而得出文章的主题。

【详细解答】选项A的意思是“十七世纪的科学革命”，这只是在文章的第一段中提到了这一点，但只是其中一个非常小的细节；选项B的意思是“化学作为一门学科发展缓慢的原因”，在文章的第二段和第三段中作者花了很多的笔墨讲述化学发展缓慢的原因，故它是本题的正确答案；选项C的意思是“化学的实用方面”，这只是文章第二段所提到的一个细节；选项D的意思是“把化学知识有系统地组织起来的困难”，这只是所提出的三个原因中的一个，不能以偏盖全。故本题的正确答案是B。

22.【答案】C。

【译文】根据文章的内容，在十七世纪之前，化学过程的知识是如何增加的？

【试题分析】细节推理型，根据文章中的相关信息，并进行分析和总结。

【详细解答】选项A的意思是“哲学家编写了有关化学知识的理论。”，文章第二段的最后一句话The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world告诉我们哲学家远离有关的化学知识，而不是编写了理论；选项B的意思是“形成了一套特殊的符号语言”，文章最后一段的最后一句话告诉我们使用符号的原因是为了保守秘密，而不是为了发展化学知识；选项C的意思是“经验引导着工人们改进他们的技术。”，第一段所讲的内容正是关于这一点，而且这也是发展化学知识的方法，故是正确答案；选项D的意思是“专家们与公众分享这些化学知识”，文章第三段明显提到为了保守秘密他们这些炼丹术士采取多种手段保守秘密，所以该选项不正确。 23.【答案】D。

【译文】文中黑体词hamper在意思上与哪个选项更接近？

【试题分析】词义推测型，通过对上下文的理解，推测出生词的意思。

【详细解答】做这类题目时，首先找到该单词所在的位置，并把上下文的句子仔细研读。它们所提供的线索和提示会告诉我们这个陌生单词的意思。在这句话中的hamper的意思是“阻碍，挡住”。而在四个选项中，只有选项D hinder是这个意思。故本题的正确答案是D。

24.【答案】B。

【译文】文中黑体词it指代的是什么？

【试题分析】词义推测型，通过对上下文的理解，推测出代词所代指的含义。

【详细解答】做这类题目时，首先找到该代词所在的位置，并把上下文的句子仔细研读。它们所提供的线索和提示会告诉我们这个陌生单词的意思。特别是该代词前面的名词短语或从句。一般来说，这类题目的答案都能在同一句话的主语或宾语，或者在前一句话的主语和宾语中找到。仔细阅读完前面的句子后，我们可以得知这里it指的是material。

25.【答案】A。

【译文】下面哪个句子能最好地解释加下划线的短语“第二个是更严重的阻碍的原因”？

【试题分析】语句理解型，考查学生对文章中难点句子的理解和解释。

【详细解答】选项A的意思是“化学知识只是局限在少数人的手中。”，文章第三段所讲的内容正是关于这一点，故选项A是正确答案；选项B的意思是“所使用的符号语言不准确”，文章第三段中提到了intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure告诉我们这些符号并不是不准确；选项C的意思是“非常少的发现是由炼丹术士发现的”，文章第三段中所提到的信息告诉我们大部分发现都是由这些术士发现的，与文章内容不符；选项D的意思是“关于化学过程的记录不是建立在实验的基础上”，原文中明确提到所有化学知识的记录都是建立在实验的基础上。

Passage Two

内容概要:

炼油业是在内战后开始发展起来的，但是在数年后人们才开始使用石油以及其产品。接着，作者又讲述了石油的发现经过。第一位开采石油的人被人们嘲笑为傻子。后来，人们又把石油精炼成各种各样的产品，并在人们的生活中起到了非常重要的作用。

26.【答案】A。

【译文】本篇文章的最佳标题是什么？

【试题分析】主旨归纳型，通过详细阅读文章，找出该文章的最佳标题。

【详细解答】选项A的意思是“炼油业-历史的展望”，与全文的内容完全一致；选项B的意思是“加利福尼亚的淘金热-迅速致富”，这只是文章中一个非常小的细节；选项C的意思是“个人财产-入侵者将被起诉”，这与本文的内容压根无关；选项D的意思是“煤油灯-隧道里的亮光”，这只是文章第三段中的一个小细节。故本文的最佳标题是选项A。

27.【答案】A。

【译文】我们可以从文章中得出结论与煤油相比，鲸油的缺点是什么。

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】文章第二段第二句话It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get.告诉我们鲸油很难得到，而且煤油是一个比较便宜的替代品。故本题的正确答案是A。

28.【答案】C。

【译文】根据文章内容，刚开始很多人认为E. L. Drake开始寻找石油是一个重大的错误。

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】文章第三段话中的The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a tired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “Drake’s Folly”.告诉我们E. L. Drake开始寻找石油时，被人们认为是愚蠢的行为。故本题的正确答案是C。

29.【答案】C。

【译文】作者为什么提到加利福尼亚的淘金热？

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】文章第四段中The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere.提到了“淘金热”。仔细阅读前后的句子，我们可以得出结论：这里是把“淘金热”和发现石油的狂热加以对比。而在四个选项中，只有C在意思和观点上与原文相一致。故本题的正确答案是C。

30.【答案】D。

【译文】下面哪个单词能够替换第五段第二行中的代词one？

【试题分析】词义推测型，通过对上下文的理解，推测出代词所代指的含义。

【详细解答】做这类题目时，首先找到该代词所在的位置，并把上下文的句子仔细研读。它们所提供的线索和提示会告诉我们这个陌生单词的意思。特别是该代词前面的名词短语或从句。一般来说，这类题目的答案都能在同一句话的主语或宾语，或者在前一句话的主语和宾语中找到。仔细阅读完前面的句子后，我们可以得知这里one指的是product。故本题的正确答案是D。

Passage Three

内容概要:

现在，到美国旅游已经成为了世界上其它国家的旅游者的首选。他们到美国来的主要目的是购物，因为美国的商品价格比世界上其它国家都要低。这使得美国成为世界上的“零售商品部”。由于好莱坞电影的宣传，使得整个世界上的人们对美国产品有着非常强烈的狂热情绪。所以，美国政府必须意识到旅游业对经济复兴的重要性。

31. 【答案】B。

【译文】从巴西生物学家所说的话，我们得知像她这样的游客完全不介意他们花多少钱。

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】原文第二段提到现在涌入的是富人( These are the wealthy),所以当她说“We don’t have a budget, we just use our credit cards”是指花钱不用做预算，想买就用信用卡，其暗含的意思就是选项B所表达的信息。故本题的正确答案是B。 32．【答案】A。

【译文】1994年特别突出的原因是在那一年到美国的游客数目非常大。

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】原文第三段说明美国早已成为旅游胜地，1994年不同于往年，其原因是世界杯吸引了大批游客，美元下跌使在美国购物便宜到了极点，这更吸引了大量的游客。而这一观点恰好与选项A相一致。这句话中的动词saw 的意思是“目睹了”之意。故本题的正确答案是A。

33.【答案】D。

【译文】在文章第三段中，作者说了这样一句话：nobody undersells America，他所暗含的意思是没有哪个国家的物价水平比美国更低。

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】在文章的第三段中Now the US, still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement的中文意思是：美国现在仍是世界上的超级大国，也可以声称是世界上的廉价商品部。所以，nobody undersells America这句话所暗含的意思是：没有哪个国家的物价水平比美国更低。在后文中，作者又提到了美国的零售底价比欧洲低30%，比亚洲低70%。这一事实更证明了这一观点的正确性。故本题的正确答案是D。

34．【答案】A。

【译文】作者为什么得出结论：所有的美国货对外国人来说都是非常具有吸引力的？

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】文章的第四段第二句话There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series. But shopping the USA is proving irresistible.说明媒体使人们对美国货产生迷恋。在四个选项中，只有选项A与这句话在观点上是一致的。故本题的正确答案是A。

35.【答案】C。

【译文】读完这篇文章，我们可以得出结论：美国已经意识到旅游业为美国经济的发展做出非常重大的贡献。

【试题分析】主题归纳型，通过总结和归纳，进而得出文章的主题。

【详细解答】通读完全文后，我们可以得知：大批外国游客涌入美国，并给美国政府带来了大笔收入。另外，文章第五段强调美国终于开始重视外国游客大量涌入给美国经济带来的巨大贡献。综合以上两点，我们可以得知选项C正是作者的观点和结论。故本题的正确答案是C。

Passage Four

内容概要:

城市里的古老建筑成为了一个问题，而诸如圣弗郎西斯科的许多美国城市开始重新整修那些旧建筑，并进行重新利用。这一举措起到非常良好的效果，一方面保存下来了历史遗留的建筑物的风格特点；另一方面，也让它们以新的面貌和形式重新发挥其最新的作用。接着，作者又列举了其它几个类似的例子。

36.【答案】C。

【译文】本篇文章的主要内容是什么？

【试题分析】主题归纳型。

【详细解答】选项A的意思是“在20世纪70年代，美国很多城市的古老建筑物被重新利用。”，这只是在文章第一段中提到的一个现象，并不是真正的主题；选项B的意思是“对生态问题的兴趣使得很多河流开始清理工作”，这只是在文章的最后一段提到的一个小小的细节；选项C的意思是“San Antonio的事例表明推土机并不是解决城市废弃建筑的方法”，这正是文章通过一系列事例在文章的最后一段所得出的结论；选项D的意思是“政府的坚强支持使得适应性修缮在波士顿成为了现实”，这只是在文章第一段第四句话中所提到的细节。故本题的正确答案是C。

37.【答案】D。

【译文】Quincy市场现在用来干什么？

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】文章第二段中He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking所暗含的意思与选项D所传递的信息是一致的。故本题的正确答案是D。

38.【答案】B。

【译文】根据文章内容，Benjamin Thompson是Boston的一个工程的设计者。

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】文章第二段中“One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market”和“it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson”告诉我们他所设计的工程在Boston。故本题的正确答案是B。

39.【答案】D。

【译文】Butler广场最初是在什么时候建成的？

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】文章第三段第一句话Butler Square, in Minneapois, examplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse.告诉我们该建筑物最初是在1906年设计的。1906年是在20世纪初期。故本题的正确答案是D。

40.【答案】B。

【译文】作者认为San Antonio工程如何？

【试题分析】细节推理型，通过对某一段话的理解，并进行总结和概括。

【详细解答】选项A的意思是“它明显是所讨论过的最佳工程”，在文章中并没有提到这一点；选项B的意思是“它是一个其它城市可以模仿的典范”，文章最后一段中的San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay.所讲述的正是这一点；选项C的意思是“推土机的大量使用使得这项工程代价很高”，这与本文的主要内容相反；选项D的意思是“在河流上所做的工作要比在建筑物上所做的工作要重要得多。故本题的正确答案是B。

Part Ⅴ

写作指导：

该题是一篇典型的“三段论”作文。从结构上来说，应该这样行文：在文章的第一段，作者应该把重点放在正面的观点上；而在文章的第二段，就应该与第一段构成鲜明的对比，把反面的观点表达清楚。在文章的第三段，作者再提出自己的观点。

这篇文章的重点应该放在第一段或者第二段上。这取决于作者的态度。如果你认为在国内学习比较好，第一段就是本文的重点段落，就应该在这一部分多花一些笔墨；如果你认为应该到美国留学，第二段就是本文的重心。而在文章结束的第三段中，作者只需用几句话表明自己的观点即可，可以赞成前者，也可以赞成后者，也可以保持中立。在文章的结尾，用两句话发出号召即可。

参考范文： Studying Abroad

Nowadays students can study either in their home country or in foreign countries, in most cases, the United States. Some prefer to stay in their home country and study. Others think studying in the United States is more beneficial. As a matter of fact, each situation has its own advantages.

When students study in their home country, they have no language barriers. They can read books with their mother tongue very easily. They can also discuss their lessons with the teachers or the fellow students very freely. Since they are accustomed to the way they have been living, they have little difficulties in life. Besides, they have little financial difficulties in the process of their studies because they can easily get financial support from their parents or their relatives. When students attend schools in the United States, they can act as mediators between peoples of different cultures to promote international understanding. They can also tend to be spokespersons for other cultures and people who may be misunderstood by Americans. They can enjoy the contact with new and different cultures to increase the awareness of their own culture. In addition, they can learn advanced knowledge of science and technology, and learn English much more quickly than in their home country.

I think it’ s better to study in the United States because the advantages to studying in the US outweigh those to staying in one’ s home country.

本套试卷测试语言重点

10个重点单词：

prevail: 遍布，流行combat: 向……宣战

luxury: 奢侈用品premise: 前提，条件

contamination: 污染、破坏allege: 指证，宣称

counterpart: 相对应的人或物expire:过期

consistent: 一贯的，坚持的influential:有影响力的

4个重点词组：

on the right track: 走对路了rack one’s brain:绞尽脑汁

be oblivious to: 对……不注意

in practice: 在实践中

中国名校六级密卷(5)

西安外国语学院英语系李振声薛彩霞

Part ⅡReading Comprehension(35 minutes)

Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

Once upon a time,the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around.Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over.Plenty of space for parks and for cities.Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow.But that was once upon

a time.The days of unused land are over.Now the land has been spoken for,fenced off,carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks,put to use.

At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work and place to play. So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishes. And it isn’t just a matter of population growth. Our modern technology has needs that must be met too: We need more coal for energy, and we need more power plants; cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports.

Each of these lands uses swallows up precious space. Highways and expressways alone take some 2,000,000 acres each years. And urban sprawl—the spreading out of cities—is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2000. But there is only so much land to go around.

How do you decide what to do with a piece of land? It depends upon the land, and it depend upon the needs of the people and their values. It is always hard to decide. Take, for example, a forest. A forest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for wildlife. It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection.

These last two take some explaining. A forest creates its own soil. Leaves and other litter on the forest floor are constantly turned and moved by worms and burrowing animals. Enriched by animal wastes, the litter becomes humus—a rich and spongy mix of organic material. The soil feeds forest plants. The plants in turn protect the soil—roots hold it in place, branches slow rainfall so that it will drop gently to earth. Water slowly trickles through the humus and is purified. Water travels downstream and out to sea.

When a forest is cut down, there is nothing left to create or protect the soil. Heavy rains beat and wash away spongy humus. Little soil is left to absorb water. Then rain waters can rush unchecked to the valley below, flooding low-lying areas. If a forest is to supply timber, watershed protection, recreation, and a home for wildlife, it has to be cut carefully. And it must be replanted.

In short, land is fragile. Without proper care it can be ruined forever.

In the debates about how a particular piece of land is to be used, the priorities often conflict. What should you do, for example, if you find out that under the fertile fields of a farming community there is a thick bed of coal which can be strip-minded? Strip mining rips up topsoil and vegetation. But mining may create j obs, bring money to the town’s businesses. Those who approve of strip mining say that the coal is needed, and they point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get coal from the surface than to go deep into the earth to get it by standard mining techniques. On the other hand, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space. Nearly every proposal for a new power plant, highway, or airport draws fierce opposition. Everyone wants the bid, land-eating “uglies” to be in someone else’s backyard. Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, for example, having been debating about the site of a future airport for years. Yet if a new airport is needed, it will have to go somewhere.

How do we find our way out of the land-use problem? One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions. Does everyone have to have a car-with its need for highways and parking lots? What about developing mass transit systems that use less land? Do suburbs have to sprawl? Can they be designed so they use less space? Do we have to have more energy? If we do, do we really have to strip-mine coal to provide it?

However difficult they may be to arrive at, choices will have to be made if we want to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land. For there is at least one point on which all of us can agree; the land does have its limits.

21.Once upon a time,the United States seemed to have plenty of land to __go around__, “go around”means____.

A) to visit around

B) to see the land

C) for sharing with every

D) to have the land around

22.Each of these land uses swallows up precious space, “swallows up”means ____.

A) occupies B) gives up C) disappears D) takes completely

23.In this sentence “In short, land is fragile.”(Line.1, Para. 7), what does the word “fragile”mean?

A) Very poor. B) Rich. C) Taken. D) Easily destroyed.

24.The Para 5 mainly discusses ____.

A) how animal wastes enriched land

B) how plant roots protected the land

C) how humus becomes useful

D) how a forest creates its own soil and protects the watershed

25.As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space, “open space”means ____.

A) public land B) unoccupied land C) unplanted land D) private land Passage Two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

Most of the larger cities in the world have grown without plans and blueprints. London is such a city. Its streets zigzag, snake, and circle. There is no reason or order to its street-numbering system. Indeed, no one but a veteran taxi driver knows the whole of London. And before he gets his cabbie’s license he must first tour the city for months, street by street, then take a comprehensive examination to prove that he can find his way about. New York and Chicago grew in much the same way. They just in spread out, pushed by the demands for residential, business, or industrial space. Like spilled water, they expanded in all directions. Today in New York, even a native-born Manhattanite despairs of finding his way around Brooklyn. There are a few modern cities, however, that were created out of nothing. They were built strictly by the book according to detailed plans that will also control future growth. Two such American cities are Columbia, Maryland, and Reston, Virginia. But the prime example of a city planned and built from scratch in the twentieth century is Brasilia, the new capital of Brazil.

Brasilia was the brain child of Brazil’s President Juscelino Ku bitschek, who held office from 1955 to 1960. Kubitschek, like other Brazilian leaders, was concerned that most of Brazil’s people were crammed into its seacoast cities. Rio de Janeiro, then the