莫扎特简介中英双语

太多著名的音乐家了，我挑了我喜欢的莫扎特

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential Austrian composer of the Classical era. His more than 600 compositions include works widely acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music, and he is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers.

Mozart was born in Salzburg into a musical family and showed indications of prodigious abilities at a very young age. When he was five years old, he could both read and write music and had precocious skills as a keyboard and violin player. Much of his childhood and adolescence was taken up with tours, which included performances before many of the royal courts of Europe. In 1773, aged 17, he accepted a post as a court musician in Salzburg, but was unhappy with his low pay and limited opportunities. Over the next eight years, he frequently traveled in search of a better position and composed abundantly. This situation continued until his dismissal from Salzburg in 1781 by his employer, the Prince-Archbishop, and his subsequent departure for Vienna.

He spent the rest of his busy life in Vienna, where he achieved relative fame. However, his finances remained precarious, with periods of prosperity and of penury. In 1782, he married Constanze Weber against the wishes of his family; six children were born, of whom two survived infancy. Musically, this was a period of outstanding creativity which saw the production of many of his best known symphonic, concertante and operatic works, and his final, incomplete Requiem. The circumstances of his death, at the age of 35, have been much mythologized, but were most likely commonplace.

In his youth, Mozart had used his gifts of imitation and mimicry to learn from the works of others. From these lessons, in maturity, he fashioned a style that ranged in mood from the light and pleasant to the dark and violent, from a vision of humanity "redeemed through art, forgiven, and reconciled with nature and the absolute". His influence on all subsequent classical music has been profound. Beethoven wrote much of his early music in Mozart's shadow. Joseph Haydn, sometime mentor and later friend and admirer, wrote, "Posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years". Others claim that, more than two centuries after his death, his talent remains unsurpassed.

沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特

（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,1756-1791)

莫扎特是一位杰出的奥地利作曲家,出生于萨尔兹堡一个宫廷乐师家里。他从少年时代就展现出杰出的音乐才能,一生作品极其丰富。他创作的最重要领域是歌剧，共22部，另一重要创作部分是交响乐，共45部。他的音乐创作即继承和发展了海顿等前辈的成果，又对后来的贝多芬等人的创作产生了重要影响

莫扎特也许不是最伟大的作曲家，但他绝对是公认的最伟大的音乐天才。就连一生狂妄不羁的柴可夫斯基都把他称作是音乐的基督。曾有人这么说：“在音乐史上有一个光明的时刻，所有的对立者都和解了，所有的紧张都消除了，那光明的时刻便是莫扎特。”

1756 年，沃尔夫冈·莫扎特（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart）出生于萨尔兹堡，自幼他便展现出那无与伦比的音乐天赋：3岁开始弹琴，6岁开始作曲，8 岁写下了第一部交响乐，11岁便完成了他的第一部歌剧，14岁是指挥乐队演出了该歌剧。可以这么说，莫扎特是为音乐而生的，从他出生的那一刻开始，他就和音乐熔为一体了。

16岁时的莫扎特被任命为萨尔兹堡宫廷的管风琴师。虽然在这段时间，莫扎特创作了大量的优秀作品，但他无法忍受萨尔兹堡大主教的颐指气使，任意欺凌。在那里，莫扎特只是一个会弹琴的佣人，他曾向他的父亲这样描述他在宫廷晚餐上的同伴：两名男仆，管家，点心师父，两名厨师，男仆坐在上座，莫扎特位列厨师之上。终于在1781年，莫扎特脱离了对大主教的依附，成为了历史上第一位自由作曲家，并来到了维也纳发展。在维也纳，莫扎特靠教私人学生，举行音乐会演出和出版作品为生。在这段时间，莫扎特接触到了巴赫、亨得尔的作品，并结识了海顿，从而丰富了他的音乐理念。

在维也纳，莫扎特的音乐成就是令人惊叹的，他曾这样来描述他的音乐创作：“无论多长的作品都在我的脑中完成。我从记忆中取出早已储存好的东西。因此，写到纸上的速度就相当快了，因为一切都已完备，它在纸上的模样跟我想象的几乎毫无二致。所以在工作中我不怕被打扰，无论发生什么，我甚至可以边写边说话。”可怜就是这样一位天才，在他正当壮年的时候却因为感染风寒而去世了，死时年仅35岁。在他生命的最后一天（1971年12月9 日），他仍在创作，可惜天嫉英才，莫扎特留下了他那未完成的《安魂曲》，而撒手人间，成为了音乐史上最大的遗憾之一。

尽管莫扎特的一生充满坎坷和艰辛，但他的音乐始终给人带来的是真正的纯美。著名的音乐评论家罗曼·罗兰为莫扎特作出了如下的评价：“他的音乐是生活的画像，但那是美化了的生活。旋律尽管是精神的反映, 但它必须取悦于精神，而不伤及肉体或损害听觉。所以，在莫扎特那里，音乐是生活和谐的表达。不仅他的歌剧，而且他所有的作品都是如此。他的音乐，无论看起来如何，总是指向心灵而非智力，并且始终在表达情感或激情，但绝无令人不快或唐突的激情。”

当然，想要完整的评论莫扎特的音乐，绝非这区区近千字能够表达的。而想要真正地体会莫扎特，最主要地还是去听他的作品，而他的千余部作品，几乎每一部都是超凡脱俗的经典之作。