英语基本句型分析

英语基本句型分析
英语基本句型分析

英语基本句型分析

一.句子的种类

(一)根据结构划分:

①简单句:(5种基本句型)

S+Vi(主+谓)

S+V系+ P (主+谓+表)

S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾)

S+Vt+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

S+Vt+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

②并列句and, but, or

(二)根据功能划分:陈述句, 祈使句, 感叹句,疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,

选择疑问句,反意疑问句等)

二.简单句的基本句型介绍:

1. 基本句型一:主+谓= S+Vi (主+不及物动词)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。

不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,

如: S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)

We │come.

The baby│cried.

1)S + Vi + 副词(状语)eg:Birds sing beautifully.

2)S + Vi + 介词短语(状语)eg:He went on holiday.

3)S + Vi + 不定式(状语)eg:We stopped to have a rest.

4)S + Vi + 分词(状语)eg:I'll go swimming.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点:即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

2. 基本句型二:S+ V系+ P(主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。表语也就是主语的补足语

This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.

The dinner │smells │good.

He │is growing │tall and strong.

1)S + V + 名词/代词eg:He is a boy.

2)S + V + 形容词eg:She is beautiful.

3)S + V +副词eg:Class is over.

4)S + V + 介词短语eg:He is in good health.

5)S + V+ 分词eg:He is excited.

系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。

1. 表“是” 如:be“是”(am, is, are, was, were)

2.表“感觉” 如:look看起来feel感到,sound听起来,smell闻起来,seem似乎

3. 表“变” 如:get变得, turn变得, grow变得,go变得, come变得, become成为

4. 表“保持” 如:keep保持, stay保持

常用连系动词的用法:

①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn

口诀:好是come,坏是go; 天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;

颜色、天气大不同turn;get / become口语化,如果要说就用它.

②保持某种状态:continue, keep, lie, remain, stand , stay.

③看起来,好像:appear, look, seem.

④感官动词:feel, smell, sound, taste.

注意:There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词“there那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示“(存在)有某事物”。

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)

前一个there无实义,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

3. 基本句型三:S+ Vt + O(主+及物+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,

但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,

即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。

这类动词叫做及物动词。

eg:Who │knows │the answer?

He │likes │English.

1)S + Vt + 名词/代词eg:I like music. She hates him.

2)S + Vt + 不定式eg:I want to help him.

★常用于这句型的动词有:decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want, 等。

3)S + Vt + 疑问词+ 不定式eg:I don't know what to do.

★常用于这句型的动词有:ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。

4)S + Vt + 动名词eg:I enjoy living here.

★常用于这句型的动词有:advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。

5)S + Vt + 宾语从句eg:I don't think (that) he is right.

★常用于这句型的动词有:hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。

4. 基本句型四:S+ Vt + IO + DO (主+及物+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, (间接宾语);

(直接宾语)。

eg: She│gave│me│a new book.

He│brought│you │a dictionary.

1)S + Vt + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语

eg:I sent him a book. Give me a cup of tea ,please.

2)S + Vt + 直接宾语+ to/for + 间接宾语

eg:He sent a book to me. Show this house to Mr. Smith

[说明] ①间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:bring, give, lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。

②间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:buy, get, make 等。

5. 基本句型五:S+ Vt + O+ OC(主+及物+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。

eg;We │called │the boy│Jim.

1)S + Vt + 宾语+ 名词eg:We named our baby Tom.

★常用于这句型的动词有:call, find, make, name等。

2)S + Vt + 宾语+ 形容词eg:He painted the wall white.

★常用于这句型的动词有:cut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash等。

3)S + Vt + 宾语+ 介词短语eg:I often find him at work .

4)S + Vt + 宾语+ 不定式eg:I wish you to stay.

★常用于这句型的动词有:①不定式带to的词:ask, invite, tell, want, warn, wish等。

②不定式不带to的词:have, know, let, make, notice, see, watch等。

5)S + Vt + 宾语+ 分词eg:I heard my name called(表示被动).

I feel something moving(表示进行).

★常用于这句型的动词有:notice, call, see, watch等。

6)S + Vt + 宾语+ 疑问词+ 不定式eg:He show me how to do it.

★常用于这句型的动词有:ask, show, teach, tell等。

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6. Good morning.早上好 Good afternoon.晚上好 7. This is Miss White. 这是Miss White。 Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。 8. Where are you from?你来自哪里? I'm from America. 我来自美国。 9. Let's go to school.让我们一起去学校。OK. 好的。 10. . How many cakes?有多少个蛋糕?One cake. 一个蛋糕。 11. How are you?你好吗? I'm fine, thank you.我很好,谢谢你。 12. Let's paint.让我们一起画画。

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跑步是很重要的"这句话后面加上"因为它可以帮助你保持健康和精力充沛"。 4、make名词adj.(让某人/某事…) 在"写人记事"的文章中,写了一个事情后,总要写一下心情,否则作文会比较单薄。此时,这个句型就非常有效,比如"在她的帮助下,我取得了好成绩",这句话后就可以加一句"它让我感到非常的高兴和自豪"。 5、so…that…(如此…以至于) 只要涉及到"结果"的两个相关句子就可以使用这个句式。比如"我的脚受伤了"和"我几乎无法走路"就可以变成"我的脚受伤如此严重以至于我几乎无法走路"。 6、spend…doing sth.(花费时间做) 这个句式可以用很多场合:提建议,叙述往事,花钱,花时间等。比如"我的老师帮我学英语"就可以改成"我的老师每天花1个小时帮我学英语";一个建议"对你来说,每天跑步是很重要的",也可以添加这一句型,变成"对你来说,每天花30分钟跑步是很重要的"。

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