中医英语术语翻译重点教学文案
中医英语术语翻译重
点
中医英语术语翻译重点
天人相应Correspondence of human body and natural environment
辨证论治treatment based onsyndrome differentiation
针灸acupuncture and moxibustion
寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature
滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire
整体观念concept of holism
开窍(of the five zang-organs) open into
生长化收藏sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store
同病异治different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease 异病同治same therapeutic method used to treating different diseases 从阴引阳drawing yang from yin
阴平阳秘balance of yin and yang
寒极生热extreme cold generating heat
热极生寒 extreme heat gernerating cold
病机总纲general rule of pathogenesis
祛风散寒eliminating wind and dispersing cold
实则泻之treating excess syndromes with reduction
虚寒证deficiency cold syndrome
实热症 excess heat syndrome
潜阳熄风suppressing yang and eliminating wind
补其不足 supplement insufficiency
泻其有余 reduce excess
五行学说the theory of five elements
木曰曲直wood characterized by bending and straightening
火曰炎上fire characterized by flaring up
土爰稼穑earth characterized by sowing and reaping
金曰从革metal characterized by clearing and changing
水曰润下water characterized by moistening and descending
母病及子illness of mother viscera affecting the child one
子病及母illness of child viscera affecting the mother one
相乘相侮over restriction and counter-restriction
心火亢盛exuberant fire in the heart
肾阳式微declination of kidney yang
平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach
水火不济between water and fire
奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs
藏象学说the theory of visceral manifestation
藏而不泻storage without discharge
泻而不藏discharge without storage
形体诸窍physical build and various orifices
其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face
满而不实 full but not to be solid
实而不满solid but not to be full
心主血脉heart governing blood and vessels
肺司呼吸lung controlling breathing
脾主运化spleen governing transportation and transformation
肝主疏泄liver controlling conveyance and dispersion
肾主藏精kidney governing storing essence
面色无华lusterless complexion
汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same origin
升降出入ascending, descending, going out and going in
宣发肃降dispersion, purification and descent
后天之本acquired base of life
肝气逆上upward adverse flow of liver qi
先天之精innate essence
奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs
孤俯isolated fu-organ
腐熟水谷digest water and food
七冲门the seven important portals
胆主决断The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment
泌别清浊separating the lucid from the turbid
大肠主津The large intestine governs thin body fluid
小肠主液The small intestine governs thick body fluid
先天禀赋innateness
温养腑脏warming and nourishing the viscera
津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same origin
气为血帅，血为气母Qi commands the blood and the blood carries qi. 益气固脱nourishing qi to stop collapse
奇经八脉eight extraordinary vessels
十二经筋tendons of the twelve regular meridians
舒经活络soothing meridians and activating collaterals
刺络拔罐collateral pricking and cupping therapy
腠理闭塞stagnation of interstitial space
湿邪困脾pathogenic dampness obstructing the spleen
外感六淫six excesses pathogenic factors
饮食劳倦mproper diet and overstrain
阳常有余，阴常不足Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.
四大经典Four GreatClassic:
Huangdi s Canon of Medicine黄帝内经
Classic of Difficulties难经
Shennong s Classic of Materia Medica神农本草经
Rreatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases伤寒杂病论
四气four properties:cold,,hot,warm,cool
五味five flavors:sour,bitter,sweet,pungent,salty
(中药)七情seven conditions of ingredients in prescriptions
Single effect,mutual reinforcement,mutual assistance,mutual restraint,mutual inhibition,mutual antagonism,mutual suppression
寒凉派Liu Wansu-School of Cold and Cool
攻下派Zhang Congzheng-School of Purgation
补土派Li Gao-School of Reinforcing the Earth
滋阴派Zhu Zhenheng-School of Nourishing Yin
辛温中药herbs pungent in taste and warm in nature
辛凉中药herbs pungent in taste and cool in narure
向日为阳，背日为阴The side facing the sun belongs to yang and the reverse side to yin,
血液常行的前提条件：心气充沛，血液充盈，脉道通利
Normal circulation of blood:abundance of heart qi,sufficiency of blood,vessels are prerequisite.
四气；元气primordial qi，宗气pectoral qi，营气nutrient qi，卫气defensive qi
内生五邪；内风，内寒，内湿，内燥，内火
Five internal excesses;internal wind.internal cold,internal dampness,inrenal dryness,internal fire
内伤七情Internal injury due to seven
emotions;joy,anger,anxiety,thought,sorrow,fear,fright
怒则气上，喜则气缓，悲则气消，恐则气下，惊则气乱。思则气结
;excessive anger drives qi to flow upward,excessive joy makes qi sluggish,excessive sorrow consumes qi,excessive fear drives qi to flow downward,excessive fright disorders qi,excessive thought stagnates qi,
六淫：风寒暑湿燥火wind,cold,summerheat,dampness,dryness,fire
阴阳关系：oppose each other,depend on each other,wane and wax between each other,transform between each other.
五行特征：generation,restriction,subjugation,counter-restriction.
气的功能：promoting,warming,defending,consolidating,transforming
气血关系：qi generates blood,qi propels blood,qi commands blood to circulate inside vessels to avoid bleeding,blood generates qi,blood carries qi.
气与体液的关系：qi generates body fluid,qi promotes the flow of body fluid,qi controls body fluid,body fluid carries qi,body fluid generates qi.
气冲门分类：飞门flying portal（唇lips）户门house portal（齿teeth）吸门inhaling portal（会厌epiglottis）贲门cardia（胃上口upper
oppening of the stomach）幽门pylorus（胃下口lower opening of the stomach）阑门railing portal（小肠下口与大肠上口连接处conjunction of the large intestine and small intestine）魄门corporeal soul portal （肛门anus）
精气为满，水谷为实。五藏但藏精气，故满而不实；六腑则不藏精气，但受水谷，故实而不能满也。essence is characterized by fullness and food by solidness.since the five zang organs only store essence,they can just be full,but not solid;the function of six fu organs is to receive food but not to store essence,they can only be solid but not full.
《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译
Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇： statics [st?tiks] 静力学；dynamics动力学；constraint约束；magnetic [m?ɡ＇netik]有磁性的；external [eks＇t?:nl] 外面的, 外部的；meshing啮合；follower从动件；magnitude [＇m?ɡnitju:d] 大小；intensity强度，应力；non-coincident [k?u＇insid?nt]不重合；parallel [＇p?r?lel]平行；intuitive 直观的；substance物质；proportional [pr?＇p?:??n?l]比例的；resist抵抗，对抗；celestial [si＇lestj?l]天空的；product乘积；particle质点；elastic [i＇l?stik]弹性；deformed变形的；strain拉力；uniform全都相同的；velocity[vi＇l?siti]速度；scalar[＇skeil?]标量；vector[＇vekt?]矢量；displacement代替；momentum [m?u＇ment?m]动量； 2、词组 make up of由……组成；if not要不，不然；even through即使，纵然； Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇： machine 机器；mechanism机构；movable活动的；given 规定的，给定的，已知的；perform执行；application 施用；produce引起，导致；stress压力；applied施加的；individual单独的；muscular [＇m?skjul?]]力臂；gravity[ɡr?vti]重力；stretch伸展，拉紧，延伸；tensile[tensail]拉力；tension张力，拉力；squeeze挤；compressive 有压力的，压缩的；torsional扭转的；torque转矩；twist扭，转动；molecule [m likju:l]分子的；slide滑动; 滑行；slip滑，溜；one another 互相；shear剪切；independently独立地，自立地；beam梁；compress压；revolve (使)旋转；exert [iɡ＇z?:t]用力，尽力，运用，发挥，施加；principle原则, 原理，准则，规范；spin使…旋转；screw螺丝钉；thread螺纹； 2、词组 a number of 许多；deal with 涉及，处理；result from由什么引起；prevent from阻止，防止；tends to 朝某个方向；in combination结合；fly apart飞散； 3、译文： 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面，这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时，机器就开始工作了。所以，力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动，要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种
中医英语术语翻译重点教学文案
中医英语术语翻译重 点
中医英语术语翻译重点 天人相应Correspondence of human body and natural environment 辨证论治treatment based onsyndrome differentiation 针灸acupuncture and moxibustion 寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature 滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire 整体观念concept of holism 开窍(of the five zang-organs) open into 生长化收藏sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store 同病异治different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease 异病同治same therapeutic method used to treating different diseases 从阴引阳drawing yang from yin 阴平阳秘balance of yin and yang 寒极生热extreme cold generating heat 热极生寒 extreme heat gernerating cold 病机总纲general rule of pathogenesis 祛风散寒eliminating wind and dispersing cold 实则泻之treating excess syndromes with reduction 虚寒证deficiency cold syndrome 实热症 excess heat syndrome 潜阳熄风suppressing yang and eliminating wind 补其不足 supplement insufficiency 泻其有余 reduce excess 五行学说the theory of five elements 木曰曲直wood characterized by bending and straightening 火曰炎上fire characterized by flaring up 土爰稼穑earth characterized by sowing and reaping 金曰从革metal characterized by clearing and changing 水曰润下water characterized by moistening and descending 母病及子illness of mother viscera affecting the child one 子病及母illness of child viscera affecting the mother one 相乘相侮over restriction and counter-restriction 心火亢盛exuberant fire in the heart 肾阳式微declination of kidney yang 平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach 水火不济between water and fire 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs 藏象学说the theory of visceral manifestation 藏而不泻storage without discharge 泻而不藏discharge without storage 形体诸窍physical build and various orifices
最全中医术语英文大全
[学科] 中医①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional Chinese physician ①中医学的简称。 ②本学科专业职业队伍。 中药Chinese materia medica 在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。 中医学traditional Chinese medicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。 中药学Chinese materia medica 中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。 中医药traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 本草：Materia medica 中药：Chinese materia medica，Chinese medicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等） 中草药：Chinese Herbal Medicine,Chinese medicinal herbs 中药学：Chinese pharmaceutics 药材：Medicinal substance(material) 中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine 中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医诊断学diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 方剂学 prescriptions of Chinese materia medica， Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae/ prescriptions 中医内科学internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine [阴阳]The Theory of Yin and Yang 阴阳对立：Opposition of yin and yang 阴阳制约：Restriction of /between yin and yang 阴阳互根：Interdependence of yin and yang 阴阳消长：Waxing and waning of yin and yang 阴阳转化：Inter-transformation of yin and yang [五行学说]The Theory of Five Elements 五行：water，fire，wood，metal，soil 生：promote, generate, engender 克：act, restrict, restrain 乘：overact, over-restrict, over-restrain, subjugate, overwhelm 侮：counteract, counter-restrict, counter-restrain, rebel [整体观念] concept of organic wholeness 辩证法dialectics 生长化收藏sprouting, growth，transformation，ripening，storage 内外环境统一性the unity between the internal and external environments 机体自身整体性the integrity of the body itself 古代唯物论和辩证法classic Chinese materialism and dialectics 矛盾统一the contradictory unity 互相联系、相互影响related to each other and influence each other
中医英语翻译重点
中医英语翻译句子翻译重点 1.由于证包括了病变的部位、原因、性质以及邪正关系，反映出疾病发展过程中某一阶段的病理变化的本质，因而它比症状更全面、更深刻、更正确地揭示了疾病的本质。 Since syndrome, covering the location, cause and nature of disease and conditions of healthy and pathogenic qi, indicates the nature of pathological changes in a phase during the disease progress, it more comprehensively, profoundly and correctly uncovers the nature of disease than symptom does. 2.所谓辨证，就是将四诊（望、闻、问、切）所收集的资料、症状和体征，通过分析、综合、辨清疾病的原因、性质、部位以及邪正之间的关系，概括、判断为某种性质的证。 The so-called syndrome differentiation refers to the process of figuring out the location, cause and nature of disease and conditions of healthy and pathogenic qi by analyzing the information, symptoms and signs of the patients collected by four examinations including inspection, listening and smelling examination, inquiry and palpation, and finally identifying the disease as a certain syndrome. 3.辨证和论治，是诊治疾病过程中相互关系不可分割的两个方面，是理论和实践相结合的体现，是理法方药在临床上的具体体现，是指导中医临床工作的基本原则。 Syndrome differentiation and treatment, correlated and inseparable in diagnosing and treating disease, show the combination of theory and practice, and application of principles, methods, formulas and medicinals to clinical practice, and serve as the fundamental principle to guide clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. 4.阴阳学说认为，世界是物质性的整体，世界本身是阴阳二气对立统一的结果。
计算机专业英语课文翻译部分(第四版)
1.2 总线互连 总线是连接两个或多个设备的通信通路。总线的关键特征是，它是一条共享传输介质。多个设备连接到总线上，任一个设备发出的信号可以为其他所有连接到总线上的设备所接收。如果两个设备同时传送，它们的信号将会重叠，引起混淆。因此，一次只能有一个设备成功地（利用总线）发送数据。 典型的情况是，总线由多条通信通路或线路组成，每条线(路)能够传送代表二进制1和0的信号。一段时间里，一条线能传送一串二进制数字。总线的几条线放在一起能同时并行传送二进制数字。例如, 一个8位的数据能在8条总线线上传送。 计算机系统包含有多种不同的总线，它们在计算机系统层次结构的各个层次提供部件之间的通路。连接主要计算机部件(处理机, 存储器, I/O)的总线称为系统总线。系统总线通常由50~100条分立的(导)线组成。每条线被赋予一个特定的含义或功能。虽然有许多不同的总线设计，但任何总线上的线都可以分成三个功能组：数据线、地址线和控制线。此外可能还有为连接的模块提供电源的电源线。 数据线提供系统模块间传送数据的路径，这些线组合在一起称为数据总线。典型的数据总线包含8、16或32根线，线的数量称为数据总线的宽度。因为每条线每次传送1位，所以线的数目决定了每次能同时传送多少位。数据总线的宽度是决定系统总体性能的关键因素。 地址线用于指定数据总线上数据的来源和去向。例如，如果处理机希望从存储器中读一个字的数据，它将所需要字的地址放在地址线上。显然，地址总线的宽度决定了系统最大可能的存储器容量。 控制线用来控制对数据线和地址线的访问和使用。由于数据线和地址线被所有部件共享，因此必须用一种方法来控制它们的使用。控制信号在系统模块之间传送命令和定时信息。定时信息指定了数据和地址信息的有效性，命令信号指定了要执行的操作。 大多数计算机系统使用多总线，这些总线通常设计成层次结构。图1.3显示了一个典型的高性能体系结构。一条局部总线把处理机连接到高速缓存控制器，而高速缓存控制器又连接到支持主存储器的系统总线上。高速缓存控制器集成到连接高速总线的桥中。这一总线支持连接到：高速LAN、视频和图形工作站控制器，以及包括SCSI 和FireWire的局部外设总线的接口控制器。低速设备仍然由分开的扩充总线支持，用一个接口来缓冲该扩充总线和高速总线之间的通信流量。 PCI 外部设备互连是流行的高带宽的、独立于处理机的总线，它能够作为中间层或外围设备总线。当前的标准允许在66MHz频率下使用多达64根数据线，其原始传输速率为528MB/s, 或4.224Gbps。PCI被设计成支持各种各样基于微处理机的配置，包括单处理机和多处理机的系统。因此，它提供了一组通用的功能。PCI使用同步时序以及集中式仲裁方案。 在多处理机系统中，一个或多个PCI配置可通过桥接器连接到处理机的系统总线上。系统总线只支持处理机/高速缓存单元、主存储器以及PCI桥接器。使用桥接器使得PCI独立于处理机速度，又提供快速接收和传送数据的能力。 2.1 光存储介质：高密度存储器 2.1.1 光盘 光盘技术最终可能使磁盘和磁带存储淘汰。用这种技术，磁存储器所用的读/写头被两束激光代替。一束激光通过在光盘上刻制微小的凹点，对记录表面进行写；而另一束激光用来从光敏感的记录表面读取数据。由于光束容易被偏转到光盘上所需要的位置，所以不需要存取臂。 对用户而言，光盘正成为最有吸引力的选择。它们(光盘)对环境变化不太敏感，并且它们以每兆字节比磁盘低得多的存储器价格提供更多的直接存取存储器。光盘技术仍在出现，并且还需要稳定；然而，目前有三种主要类型的光盘。它们是CD-ROM、WORM盘和磁光盘。 CD-ROM 1980年引入的，非常成功的CD，或紧密盘是设计来提高音乐的录音重放质量的光盘。为了制作一张CD，把音乐的模拟声音转换成等价的数字声音，并且存储在一张4.72英寸的光盘上。在每张光盘上可以用数字格式（用20亿数字位）记录74分钟的音乐。因为它的巨大存储容量，计算机工业的企业家们立刻认
中医英语翻译
中国医药学：traditi onal Chines e me dicin e 中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 临床经验:clinical experience 辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation 本草:materia medica国医药学有数千年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。 TCM, a medical system with a history of thousands years，has summarized the experience of the Chinese people accumulating in the struggle against diseases. 2.中医学在古代唯物论和辩证法思想的影响和指导下，通过长期的医疗实践，逐步形成并发展为独特的医学理论体系。 Under the influence and guidance of classical Chinese materialism and dialectics,tradition Chinese medicine has eventually evolved into a medical system with unique theory through long term medical practice. 3.中医学是研究人体生理病理以及疾病的诊断和防 治的一门科学。 Tradition Chinese medicine is a science focusing on the study of the physiology and pathology of the human body as well as the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease. 4.黄帝内经总结了春秋战国以来的医疗成就和治疗 经验，确立了中医学独特的理论体系，成为中医药学发展的基础。 The Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine has summed up the medical achievements and clinical experiences since the Spring-Autumn Period and Warring States ，establishing the unique theoretical system of TCM and laying the foundation for the development of TCM 5.难经内容十分丰富，补充了内经的不足，成为后 世指导临床实践的理论基础。 The Canon on Medical Problems is rich in content, supplementing what the Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine lacks and serving as the theoretical basis for the clinical practice of the latter generations 6.阴常有余，阳常不足。 Yang is frequently in excess while yin is often in deficiency 7.温病是研究四时温病的发生发展规律以及其诊治 方法的一门临床学科。 Epedemic febrile disease is a clinical specialty concentrating on the study of the occurrence , developing tendency , diagnosis and treatment of febrile diseases in the four seasons. 8.中医在其长期的发展过程中，形成了各家学说In its long course of development, TCM has developed into various schools of theories. 9.内伤脾胃，百病由生。 The interior impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about the occurrence of various diseases. 10.中药不但包含有草药，而且包含有矿物药和动物 药等。 Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs but also minerals and animal parts. 1.中医学在其形成过程中受到了古代唯物论和辩证 法思想的深刻影响。 During the long course of its development and practice , tradition Chinese medicine has been under the influence of classical Chinese materialism and dialectics. 2.中医学认为，世界是物质的，是阴阳二气相互作 用的结果 Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the world is material and is the result of the interaction of yin and yang 3.天地合气，命之曰人 The existence of human beings depends on the interaction between the celestial qi and terrestrial qi 4.中医学认为精气是生命的本原物质，这种精气先 身而生，具有遗传性 According to tradition Chinese medicine, essence is the essential substance for life. Such an essential substance exists prior to the formation of the body and is hereditary 5.父母之精气相合，形成胚胎发育的原始物质The combination of the parental essence is the primary substance for the formation of fetus 人体各组织器官共处于统一体中，不论在生理上还 是在病理上都是相互联系相互影响的All the tissues and organs in the human body are in a unity which associate with each other and influence each other both physiologically and pathologically 疾病是可以认识的，也是可以防治的 Diseases are cognizable, preventable and curable. 治病必须抓住疾病的根本矛盾，即所谓的治病必求 于本The treatment of disease must focus on the root cause. That is what “the treatment of disease must concentrate on the principal aspect “ means 寒者热之，热者寒之，虚者补之，实者泻之 Cold disease should be treated by warm therapy, while febrile disease should be treated by cold therapy, deficiency syndrome should be treated by supplementing therapy, while excess syndrome should be treated by purgative therapy 人是自然界的一个组成部分，并与自然界有着密切 的联系 Human being is one of the components in nature and keeps close relationship with nature 人的生命活动过程就是人体阴阳对立双方在不断地 矛盾运动中取得统一的过程 The process of life activity is a course in which yin and yang in the human body realize unity after constant contradictory movement 1.中医理论体系的基本特点就是整体观念和辨证论 治TCM is characterized by the concept of organic wholeness and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. 2.中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体 Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the human body is an organic whole. 3.人体各组成部分在功能上相互为用，在病理上相 互影响The components of human body functionally depend on each other and pathologically affect each other 4.整体观念贯穿于中医生理病理诊法辩证和治疗的 各个方面 The concept of holism permeates through all the fields in TCM, including physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment. 5.人体某一局部区域内的病理变化往往与全身脏腑 气血阴阳的盛衰有关 The pathological changes in certain part or region of the human body are usually related to the conditions of viscera, qi and blood as well as yin and yang in the whole body 6.人体内部脏腑的虚实气血的盛衰和津液的盈亏都 可呈现于舌The condition of the viscera, qi , blood and body fluid all can be manifested over the tongue 7.心开窍于舌并与小肠相表里 The heart opens into the tongue and is exteriorly and interiorly related to the small intestine 8.人与天地相应 The human beings are in correspondence with the universe 9.春夏脉多浮大，秋冬脉多沉小 In the spring and summer, the pulse appears floating and large, while in the autumn and winter, the pulse appears deep and small 10.人体阳气白天多趋于表，夜晚多趋于里 The yang-qi in the human body tends to flow in the exterior in daytime and in the interior at night
中医术语英文翻译对照表
中医术语英文翻译对照表 治则在对临床的具体立法、处方、用药等具有普遍的指导意义，因而在治疗疾病时必须遵循的基本原则。 治病求本针对产生疾病的根本原因进行治疗的原则。 急则治标与缓则治本相对而言，在大出血、暴泻、剧痛等标症甚急的情况，及时救治标病 缓则治本与急则治标相对而言，针对病势缓和、病情缓慢的情况，从本病的病机出发，采取调理、补益为主的治疗原则。标本兼治针对病证出现的标本并重的情况，采用治标与治本相结合的治疗原则。 治未病采取一定的措施防止疾病产生和发展的治疗原则，包括未病先防和既病防变两个方面。 同病异治表现相同的病证，可因人、因时、因地的不同，或由于病情的发展、病机的变化、病型的各异、正邪消长等差异，采取不同治法的治疗原则。 异病同治表现不同的病证，由于发病机理相同，采取相同治法的治疗原则。 因时制宜考虑到时令气候寒热燥湿的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因地制宜考虑到地域环境的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因人制宜 's 考虑到病人的体质、性别、年龄、生活习惯
以及过去病史等个体差异性的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 扶正祛邪对于正虚为主、因虚致实的病证，应采取扶助正气为主，使正气加强，从而达到驱除病邪目的的治疗原则。 祛邪扶正对于邪气实而正气偏虚的病证，应采用以消除病邪为主，扶助正气为辅，使邪去正安或正复的治疗原则。 扶正固本对于正气亏虚的病证，采用培补正气以愈病的治疗原则。 攻补兼施对于虚实夹杂，或虚实病情相当，可采用既祛邪又培补，即攻邪与扶正并重的治疗原则。 正治法又称“逆治法”。 针对疾病的本质，从正面进行治疗，即逆病性而治的常规方法。寒者热之针对寒性的病证应使用温热方药进行治疗的 原则。 热者寒之针对热性的病证应使用寒凉方药进行治疗的 原则。 虚者补之又称“虚则补之”。 针对虚弱性的病证应采用补益方药进行治疗的原则。 实者泻之又称“实则泻之”。 针对性质属实的病证应采用攻泻方药进行治疗的原则。 反治法又称“从治法”。 针对疾病出现假象，或大寒证、大热证用正治法发生格拒的情况，
信息与通信工程专业英语课文翻译
第一课现代数字设计及数字信号处理 课文 A: 数字信号处理简介 1.什么是数字信号处理？ 数字信号处理，或DSP，如其名称所示，是采用数字方式对信号进行处理。在这种情况下一个信号可以代表各种不同的东西。从历史的角度来讲，信号处理起源于电子工程，信号在这里意味着在电缆或电话线或者也有可能是在无线电波中传输的电子信号。然而，更通用地说，一个信号是一个可代表任何东西--从股票价格到来自于远程传感卫星的数据的信息流。术语“digital”来源于“digit”，意思是数字（代可以用你的手指计数），因此“digital”的字面意思是“数字的，用数字表示的”，其法语是“numerique”。一个数字信号由一串数字流组成，通常（但并非一定）是二进制形式。对数字信号的处理通过数字运算来完成。 数字信号处理是一个非常有用的技术，将会形成21世纪的新的科学技术。数字信号处理已在通信、医学图像、雷达和声纳、高保真音乐产生、石油开采等很广泛的领域内引起了革命性的变革。这些领域中的每一个都使得DSP技术得到深入发展，有该领域自己的算法、数学基础，以及特殊的技术。DSP发展的广度和深度的结合使得任何个人都不可能掌握已发展出的所有的DSP技术。DSP教育包括两个任务：学习应用数字信号处理的通用原则及学习你所感兴趣的特定领域的数字信号处理技术。 2.模拟和数字信号 在很多情况下，所感兴趣的信号的初始形式是模拟电压或电流，例如由麦克风或其它转换器产生的信号。在有些情况下，例如从一个CD播放机的可读系统中输出的信号，信号本身就是数字的。在应用DSP技术之前，一个模拟信号必须转换成数字信号。例如，一个模拟电压信号，可被一个称为模数转换器或ADC 的电路变换成数字信号。该转换器产生一系列二进制数字作为数字输出，其值代表每个采样时刻的输入模数转换设备的电压值。 3.信号处理 通常信号需要以各种方式处理。例如，来自于传感器的信号可能被一些没用的电子“噪声”污染。测心电图时放在病人胸部的电极能测量到当心脏及其它肌肉活动时微小的电压变化。信号也常会被来自于电源的电磁干扰所影响。采用滤波电路处理信号至少可以去掉不需要的信号部分。如今，对信号滤波以增加信号的质量或抽取重要信息的任务越来越多地由DSP技术完成而不是采用模拟电路完成。 4.DSP的发展和应用 数字信号处理的发展起源于60年代大型数字计算机进行数字处理的应用，如使用快速傅立叶变换（FFT）可以快速计算信号的频谱。这些技术在当时并没有被广泛应用，因为通常只有在大学或者其它的科研机构才有合适的计算机。 由于当时计算机很贵，DSP仅仅局限于少量的非常重要的应用。先驱们的探索工作主要集中在4个关键领域：雷达和声纳，用于保卫国家安全；石油开采，可以赚大量的钱；空间探索，其中的数据是不能重复产生的；及医学图像，可以救治生命。 20世纪80年代到90年代个人电脑的普及使得DSP产生了很多新的应用。与以往由军方或政府的需求驱动不同，DSP突然间由商业市场的需求驱动了。任何
中医常用词汇英文翻译
中医常用词汇英文翻译01
中医英语常用词汇英文翻译02 气化不利dysfunction of qi in transformation 畏寒喜热aversion to cold and preference for heat 气分热盛excessive heat at qi phase
气郁化热stagnation of qi transforming into heat 温养脏腑warming and nourishing the viscera 瘀血阻络blood stasis obstructing the collaterals 清肺润燥clearing the lung and moistening dryness 破瘀通经breaking blood stasis to promote menstruation 内伤头疼headache due to internal injury 祛瘀eliminating stasis, expelling stasis 逆传心包reverse transmission into the pericardium 气不摄血failure of qi to check the blood 宁心安神calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind 血液循行circulation of the blood 惊悸不安palpitation due to fright 气的运动形式the moving styles of qi 血液生成不足insufficient production of the blood 平肝止血soothing the liver to stop bleeding
专业英语阅读 翻译文章
C o m m e n c e m e n t o f t h e Commercial Operation of 600M W U n i t , "H i ro n o N o. 5Thermal Power Station of The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc." Commercial operation of The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Hirono No. 5 Thermal Power Station commenced in July 2004. This plant is a 600 MW coal-fired supercritical power plant. The main line-up of the plant, which features a steam turbine and a boiler, are supplied by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI). MHI set up this plant with a range of such key equipment along with ancillary facilities such as control systems, a flue gas treatment system, a wastewater treatment system, and stacks. This report gives a brief overview of the advanced technologies applied to the steam turbine and boiler of this plant supplied by MHI. 1. Introduction The Hirono No. 5 Thermal Power Station began com-mercial operation in July 2004. It is a 600 MW coal-fired,supercritical power plant that operates under the high-est global standards for steam conditions (24.5MPa x 600/600o C). The steam turbine has various advanced MHI tech-nologies, including the first 600 MW class two-casing turbine, high- and intermediate-pressure combined cas-ing developed by utilizing high temperature materials and cooling structures to cope with the ultra supercritical steam condition, 48 inch steel integral shroud blade (ISB), a new type of condenser, and a single shell deaerator cum storage tank. The boiler adopted in this plant has MHI's advanced technologies. They are reduced emission of NOx and unburned carbon with the A-PM burner and MRS pul-verizer. In addition, the vertical waterwall furnace that uses high temperature compatible materials and rifled tubes are adopted. Further, the plant is very much streamlined through the use of such simple systems and equipment as de-scribed below: (1) unification of air duct and flue gas duct into a single line through the adoption of a maximum capacity class fan, (2) unification of all feed water heaters into a single line, (3) unification of circulating water pumps into a single line, and (4) adoption of a plant starting system that does not rely on the boiler circulating pump. Since the plant is located in a narrow site adjacent to existing units operated using oil and gas, the overall arrangement of the plant has been improved by consult-ing with the Owner and is arranged in a more compact manner. Advanced MHI technologies have also been adopted in ancillary facilities. This includes the use of a dry se-lective catalytic NOx removal system, a high performance flue gas treatment system based on the harmonious de-sign of a double contact flow scrubber type flue gas desulfurization system with a low-low temperature dry electrostatic precipitator, an overall waste water treat-ment system, and self-supporting group stacks. In this way, MHI has drawn upon all of its competencies in es-tablishing this plant. 2. Steam turbine Figure 1Figure 1 shows an external view of the Hirono No. 5 steam turbine. Fig. 1 View of the 600 MW Hirono No.5 steam turbine HIROMASA MOMMA*1 TAKAYUKI SUTO*1RYUJI IWAMOTO*3 JUNICHI ISHIGURO*1TOSHIHIRO MIYAWAKI*2TSUYOSHI NAKAHARA*4