2000——2001英语考研翻译真题及解析

2000——2001英语考研翻译真题及解析
2000——2001英语考研翻译真题及解析

2000

第一段

Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.

71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

第二段

73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at

a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,

74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.

75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

2000

一、核心词汇注释

act on

*1.按……行动,奉行例:act on principles 根据原则办事2.对……起作用,影响例:The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音乐使观众情绪激动。

build up

1.吹捧,赞扬,宣传例:You have to build kids up—make them feel important. 你必须表扬孩子——让他们觉得自己重要。

2.使(某人)逐步恢复体力(尤指病后)例:Build your mother up with nourishing food. 让你母亲吃点营养食品好逐步恢复体力。*

3.(使)增加,(使)增强,(使)扩大例:build up one’s confidence/huge stockpiles of arms 增强信心/大量增加武器贮备

compel

vt.*1.强迫,迫使某人做某事例:reports that children were compelled to participate in bizarre rituals 关于孩子们被迫参加古怪仪式的报道2.激起,使产生(某种感情、态度)例:His courage compels universal admiration. 他的勇气不禁令人肃然起敬。

rate

n. [C]*1.速度,速率例:Children learn at different rates.儿童学东西有快有慢。2.the number of times sth happens or the number of examples of sth within a certain period比率,率,数量例:birth/unemployment/crime rate出生/失业/离婚率(人数)3.费用,价格例:The sports centre has reduced rates for students. 运动中心对学生实行优惠。

vt. 1.对……作评估,评价例:She is generally rated as one of the best modern poet.她被公认为最杰出的现代诗人之一。2.值得,应得:They rate a big thankyou for all their hard work.他们的辛勤工作值得好好感谢。3.给(影片)定级

vi. 被认为,被评价为(后跟介词as)例:Becker rates as one of the finest players of his generation.贝克尔被认为是他那一代人当中最优秀的运动员之一。

step sth up

*1.使增加,使上升,使加快例:step up one’s pace/their social position 加快步伐/提高他们的社会地位2.晋升,获得提升例:You are going to be stepped up to manager. 你将被提升为经理。

unexploited

a.未被利用的,未经开发的;exploit v.剥削,榨取;利用,开发,开采

wastage

n.耗费(量),损耗(量),(尤指)浪费;waste v.浪费,滥用;(疾病)使消瘦、虚弱n.浪费;废料,废弃物a.废弃的,无用的;盛装或运送废物的

二、文章结构分析

本文从两个方面论述了现代政府在实施职能方面越来越依靠各个科学领域中的专家人才。一是政府依赖经济学、运筹学等领域的专家来干预经济,促进经济发展,从而增加人们的福利。二是由于人们产生新的需要、人口增长给改革增添了新的压力,从而使政府更加依赖生物学家和社会学家的决策。

2000年的翻译试题与往年相比较容易,考生的得分普遍较高。主要因为以下几个原因:(1)句子结构不太复杂,语法修饰关系比较清晰;(2)难理解的词汇少;(3)文章的背景知识简单,不造成理解障碍。具体而言,该部分主要考查了以下几点:逻辑词的翻译来体现句子内部逻辑;it is obvious that结构;被动语态、时态的翻译;多个因果分句的译法;带破

折号的句子的译法;状语从句的译法。但是尽管本年翻译难度不大,依然有考生由于基础差的原因得分很低。因此考生在备考时,要着重从词汇和语法方面下手,加强基本功的练习。

三、试题具体解析

(31)Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

本题考核的知识点是:逻辑词的翻译。正确率:55%

[句子结构]该句为简单句,其主干是:this requires varying measures and hence the help。谓语require带了两个宾语measures 和the help。本句的难点是hence的译法,它在句中是承上启下起连接作用的逻辑词,表明上半句内容“这需要程度不同的集中控制措施”导致了后半句话的内容“需要获得专家的协助”,即前因后果关系。因此Hence可译为“从而,从此”。

[词义确定]varying意为“不同的”;operational research experts直译是“研究操作过程的科学家”,用术语翻译就是“运筹学专家”。

[标准译文]在现代条件下,这需要程度不同的集中控制措施,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。

(32)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

本题考核的知识点是:it is obvious that结构,代词指代,逻辑词的翻译。正确率:65% [句子结构]该句子由两个并列的主语从句构成,其主干是it is obvious that..., and that...。it为形式主语,真正主语是两个由and连接的that引导的从句。it is obvious that...经常译作“很显然”或“显而易见”。第二个that从句中的代词this指代第一个分句中的efficiency of its agriculture and industry(工农业的高效率),在翻译的时候应点明一下;in turn的英文释义为as a result of something,它表达的是一种递进关系,因此注意不能把两个从句只译成平行关系的句子,如:“两件事情很明显:一是…,二是…”。

[词义确定]bound up with的意为“与…密切相关”;in turn 意为“又,依次,转而”;rest upon意为to depend upon(依靠)。

[标准译文]再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

(33)Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

本题考核的知识点是:被动语态、时态的翻译、多个因果分句的译法。正确率:59% [句子结构]该句为复合句,其主干是people are feeling wants...and are being exposed to,其中含有两个并列的现在进行时态的谓语动词,英语中的现在进行时除了表示现在正在进行的动作之外,还可以表示一段时间内正在进行的动作,可用“不断…”来表示这层意思。句首介词短语owing to...(由于…)引导表原因的状语;主句后面while也引导伴随状语。翻译时关键要弄清三个分句的逻辑关系,即第一分句“大众通讯的显著发展”表原因,第二分句“人们不断感到有新的需求”是结果,而第三分句“政府推出更多的革新”则是上面两分句引起的结果。由于有两套因果关系,为避免两次出现“由于…”,原因状语owing to...结构可译成“…使,造成了”。

[词义确定]mass communication指报纸、电视、电台等具有广泛影响的大众传媒或通讯;want做名词,意为“缺乏,需要”;be exposed to是被动语态,基本意思是“被暴露于…”,可灵活译成“接触到…”;introduce 在句中和innovations搭配,应译作“实施,采

取”,而不是“介绍、宣传”;further虽可表示距离,但修饰“改革”时表示“更进一步,更多的”;for the reasons given above意为“由于上述的原因”。

[标准译文]大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想。由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。

(34)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

本题考核的知识点是:带破折号的句子的译法。正确率:62%

[句子结构]该句为复合句,其主干是:the process...was spread..., whereas...。句子中出现了两个破折号,英语中的破折号大致相当于汉语中的括号,起一个补充的作用。理解的时候可以先把破折号中的部分略去不看,以便加强对此句的整体印象。翻译的时候看破折号之间的内容是否与前后联系紧密,才能够决定译文中用不用破折号。第一个破折号后with 介宾结构表示伴随,可以译成“随之而来的”;其中紧跟在social patterns后的定语从句that followed修饰的是changes,而不是social patterns,因此far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed应该译成“随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革”。whereas表示转折,使前后形成对比,可以译作“而、可是”;the same process 是指前面的the process of industrialization (工业化进程)。

[词义确定]far-reaching指“深远,深刻,广泛的”,spread over意为“延续,持续”,undergo意为“经历,完成”,or so意为“左右”。

[标准译文]在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,持续了大约一个世纪之久,而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

(35) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

本题考核的知识点是:破折号的作用、additional的译法和状语从句的译法。正确率:63%

[句子结构]该句子的主干是social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems,because of 介词短语做原因状语。由于中文一般先说原因后说结果,因此翻译时可以把主句放在后面。arising from...修饰problems,意为“从…而起的问题”或“由于…而造成的问题”。破折号后themselves和过去分词made relatively easy一起是一个独立主格结构,起补充说明的作用,themselves指代前面的mass migration movements(大量的人口流动)。

[词义确定]social stresses指“社会压力”;occur意为“发生”;mass在这里指“大量的”。

[标准译文]由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

四、参考译文

世界各国政府的行为都基于一个假设,即,本国人民的福利主要依赖于该国经济实力和社会财富。(31)在现代条件下,这需要程度不同的集中控制措施,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。(32)再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。这也就意味着政府被迫越来越多地干预这些产业部门,以便提高生产率,确保产品的消费发挥最佳效益。例如,政府可能利用各种方法鼓励研究工作,包括建立自己的研究中心;政府可以改变教育结构,或进行干预,以便减少自然资源的浪费,开发尚未利用的资源;或者在日益增多的跨国科学、经济和工业项目中直接进行合作。无论如何,一切干预都离不开科学家的建议和各种科技人才。

(33)大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想。由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。与此同时,与过去相比,世界各地社会变化的正常速度越来越快。例如,(34)在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,持续了大约一个世纪之久,而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。这一切带来的后果就是,在社会内部营造了异乎寻常的压力和紧张气氛,从而给有关政府带来了严重问题需要处理。(35)由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。目前,以上所有这些因素产生的后果就是,各国政府为了制定合理的计划并将之付诸实施,越来越多地依靠生物学家和社会学家。

2001

In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.

71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.

According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.

73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.

Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total

Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,” he says. 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”

Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder -- kitchen rage.

2001

一、试题总体分析

这篇文章主要展望了科学技术给人类未来生活可能带来的各种变化,未来学家对科学突破性进展日期的预测,以及某些技术进步可能带来的社问题。

2001年度翻译试题难度适中,考点涉及了词义确定、非谓语结构以及从句的翻译。就此,考生可以总结出,词义确定和句子结构是翻译必考的项目。词义确定要求考生根据上下文和搭配的要求,确定某个特定词在本句中的意思以及翻译后选择的汉语表达,而这个意思往往不是考生在平时记忆的单词词义,可能是某个偏僻的词义、引伸义,甚至在该上下文中才有的、没有在词典中确定下来的意思。因此特别提醒考生不要字对字地翻译,而要在上下文中确定具体单词的意思,正如一句话说得好:“There is no meaning except in the context.”(只有在上下文中才有词义)。

二、试题具体解析

(41)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:定语从句的翻译、过去分词做定语、词义确定。

句子的主干是there be 句型的将来时,译成“将会出现……,将有……”。hosted by robots 是过去分词作后置定语修饰chat shows,由于不太长,翻译时可以前置做定语。pollution monitors(污染监控器)后面接的定语从句that will disable...offend并不是起修饰限定作用,翻译时不能把它前置做定语,此从句实际是说pollution monitors 的功能,译时可独立成句。定语从句中包含一个when 引导的时间状语从句。

词汇:chat shows即是近年来在我国也广为流行的电视谈话节目;host做名词为“(男)主持人”,做动词是“主持”;offend本意是“冒犯,侵犯”,在这里根据上下文,意思应当是“违规”,进而可译为(汽车)“污染超标”;disable的意思也应当根据上下文确定为“使(汽车)无法运转”。

译文:届时,将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。

(42)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:意译、介词结构作后置定语、rather than的译法。

整个句子实际上由四个分句并列组成,由逗号和and 连接,但是最后一句从意思上看实际是一句总结性的话。第一分句中,equipped with personality chips是过去分词做定语修饰dolls;第二句是一个被动语态,其中主要结构为be regarded as … rather than …,意思为“被看作是……而不是……”,该句中with in-built personalities这一介词结构作computers的后置定语;第三句如果直译成“休闲将在气味电视机前面”不太贴切,尤其作为书面语不合适,考生可以加入“休闲”这一动作的发出者,将该句译成:人们将在气味电视机前休闲,或译成:休闲将在气味电视机前面进行;第四句中,考生需要注意时态为将来完成时。

词汇:computers后的with结构是“带有、具有”的意思;in-built意为“内在的,内置的”,rather than表示否定,此结构翻译题中就已经数次出现。

译文:儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字化时代就要来到了。

(43)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:多重复合句的译法。

该句子是复杂的复合句,其结构可以分三层。第一层是句子主语是Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers … to …,不定式引导目的状语,第二层在目的状语中,宾语calendar后有that引导的定语从句,第三层结构为that引导的定语从句中,宾语the latest dates后又有一个when引导的定语从句,注意不要误以为时状语从句。这样的三层复合结构形成了环环相套的定语从句链,关键在于考生需要把这个链条打断,也就是进行断句,考生可以在that处断句。

词汇:piece together意为“汇集”;the latest dates意为“最近的日期”;key breakthroughs 意为“重大突破”。

译文:皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历,它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。

(44)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. ”

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:定语从句。

Pearson points out属插入语成分,主句为主表结构that is the start,它实际上也是point out 的宾语内容。主语that 是代词,指前两句中提到的电脑与人之间连接的突破。引号中的是Pearson所说的话。it 指代紧跟它的integration(一体化)。that will ultimately...century 是修饰the process of integration 的定语从句,由于定语太长,不适宜在中文中做前置定语,只能另起一句,用重复先行词的办法,或把定语从句译作并列句。

译文:皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”

(45)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:so … that结构、词义确定。

这个句子的主干是home appliances will become so...that...,“so … that …”结构的意思是“如此……以至……”。that 后接的是结果状语从句,从句的主语是controlling and operating them;them指的是主语home appliances;从句的谓语是will result in,breakout of...是in的介词宾语。此处的破折号起解释作用,解释a new psychological disorder的内容。

词汇:smart 意为“巧妙的,(人)聪明的”,但是在这里需要结合上下文理解为“智能化的”;breakout 一般译为“爆发”,但是与心理疾病或心理紊乱(a psychological disorder)搭配不合适,所以意译为“引起,引发”;同理kitchen rage亦不可直译为“厨房暴怒”,尽量与心理疾病的用词挂钩,译为“厨房狂躁症”。

译文:家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病——厨房狂躁症。

三、参考译文

在未来不到三十年的时间里,特列克星号的全息舱面就会成为现实。大脑神经系统和计算机之间的直接连接还会创造出全方位感受虚拟环境,使电影《全部回忆》中展示的虚拟假期成为可能。

(41)届时,将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。(42)儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字化时代就要来到了。

依BT的未来学家亚恩·皮尔森做出的预见,这些都属于新世纪头几十年发展计划之列,届时,超级计算机将急剧加速各个生活领域的发展。

(43)皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历,它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。一些最大的进展将在医学领城,包括人预期寿命的延长和数十种人造器官,这些将在现在到2024年之间陆续实现。

皮尔森还预言,在计算机与人的连接上会有一个重大突破。他说:“通过直接与我们的神经系统相连,计算机可以知道我们的感觉,并且,我们希望,它可以模仿感觉,这样,我们就能够发展全方位感知环境,就像电影《全部回忆》中的虚拟假期或特列克星号上的全息舱面。”(44)但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”

通过研究,皮尔逊能够预言大多数突破的发生时间。然而,对于何时能够进行超光速旅行,何时人类克隆技术能够得以完善,何时可以进行时间旅行,却依然没有预见。但他的确预见技术进步引起的社会问题。比如,到2010年,住宅区附近监视器数量的剧增将引发问题;仿真机器人意味着人类可能无法区分同类朋友和这些机器人伙伴。(45)家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病——厨房狂躁症。

2000——2001英语考研翻译真题及解析

2000 第一段 Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

2010年中山大学翻译硕士英语考研真题及其答案解析

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班 2010年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题答案 育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生: 历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度,考研学子们一定要重视. 有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。 part I Vocabulary and Grammar 6. B 2. D 3. B meteorologist 气象学者 4. D 5. A 6. D except 后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的,而except for 后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的。例如,试比较:All the buildings are excellent except this one./All the buildings are excellent except for their location. (all 和glimmer 不是同一类事物) 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. A The child reached out a hand towards the apple . Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a small printed leaflet...朱蒂把手伸进提包,拿出一张小的印刷传单给我。I reached across the table and squeezed his hand...我把手伸到桌子的另一边,捏住他的手。13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B apt, liable, prone: 三个词都含“易于的”意思, 它们只能作表语, 不能作定语, 后面都接不定式。apt 是常用词, 尤其是用在口语中, 表示“有...倾向的”、“易于...的”, 如: He is apt to get excited over trifles.他容易为小事而激动。liable 指“易于产生某种(对主语)不利的后果”, 因此常用于警告, 如:Y ou're liable to get cold if you are not careful.你若不当心就有可能感冒。prone 侧重主语(往往是人, 极少用于物)的本性, 使之“倾向于”(某种弱点、错误或不良行为), 如:He was prone to anger.他易于发怒。17. D 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. D 苦恼的;难过的;哀伤的Someone who feels wretched feels very unhappy. 26. D insurance rate 保险费率 27. B excessively accommodating/excessively meticulous; fussy/They were exceedingly kind. 28. B 29. B 30. A PART II T ext A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D

1998年英语一真题翻译

1998 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译 Part I (略) Part II Cloze Test 直到最近,大多数的历史学家对工业革命仍然颇有微词。尽管他们承认从长远角度讲,工业革命已大大地提高了一般人的生活水平。然而他们坚持认为,工业革命在1750和1850年间引起的直接结果是给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫穷和苦难。相比之下,他们把在此之前从1650到1750的一百年看成是一个繁荣富足的时期。尽管那个时候英国还是一个完全意义上的农业国家。 然而,人们通常认为这种观点是错误的。历史和经济学专家已指出两件事情:一是1650至1750年间以显著的贫困为特征;二是工业革命不但没有加重这种贫困,反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。 Part ⅢReading Comprehension Passage 1 很少有像巨型大坝那样的伟大成果如此吸引人们。也许是因为人们倍受洪水和干旱的摆布,所以驾驭洪水的想法特别地强烈。但是被吸引有时也意味着盲目,有几个巨型大坝工程就有弊大于利的危险。 大坝给人们的教训是大的不一定就是好的。但这个教训并没有阻止建立巨大而强劲的大坝,它们已经成为国家成就和人们努力表现自己的象征。埃及由于建造了阿斯旺大坝而巩固了在阿拉伯世界中的领导地位。土耳其在力图进人第一世界的努力中也包括了修建Ataturk大坝。 但是大坝不会像预期的那样产生效果。例如,阿斯旺大坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水泛滥,但也使埃及失去了洪水带来的肥沃的淤泥——这些损失的所有回报仅仅是一个充满了病患的大水库,它现在沉积了如此多的淤泥,以致于发不出电了。 但是,控制洪水的神话仍在继续。本周,在文明的欧洲的中心,斯洛伐克与匈牙利就是为了多瑙河上的一座大坝引起争端,差点动用了军队。这个巨大的工程可能会带来其他大坝通常造成的问题。但斯洛伐克正在要求脱离捷克而独立,因此需要建一座大坝来证明自己的实力。 与此同时,尽管银行的顾问们说大坝将给普通大众的生活带来困苦和环境的破坏,但世界银行还是贷款给印度修建Narmada大坝,这事后被证明是个大错。受益的是权力阶层,但也无法保证。 对大坝造成的影响和控制洪水的成本和收益进行恰当而科学的研究才能帮助解决这些冲突。即使不修建这些巨型大坝,水利发电、洪水控制和农田灌溉也都是可能做到的,但是当你相信神话的时候,你就很难做到合理和科学,世界应

2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译超详解析

2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案与解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析 本文是取材于新闻报道,叙述了猪流感的爆发,产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段简 述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点,认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及 美国的情况为例,说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。 二、试题解析 1.【答案】D 【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”,根据declare 的逻辑(“宣布为”),可知应该选D 项 designated“命名,制定”,而不是C 项commented“评论”,这是典型的近义词复现题目。2.【答案】C 【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索,选出答案,难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、 meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系,根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise(“病例数的增加”)是meeting(“日内瓦专家 会议”)的原因,由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因,而是结果,即meeting 使得alert 升级。根据上述分析 可以排除B、D 选项,B 项activated“激活,激起”,D 项“促使,引起”,此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting 的召开。而C 项followed 意思是“紧随,跟在……之后”,体现出after 的逻辑,完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting, meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑,所以是正确项。而A 项proceeded“继续”,属不及物动词,不可接宾语,用法和逻辑 用在此处都不合适。 3.【答案】B 【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and,从并列呼应来看:空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia, 所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases(“病例数的剧增”),因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A 项 digits“(阿拉伯)数字”,不表示数量,不能与rising 形成搭配;C 项amounts“数量”,常修饰不可数名词(此处指 的是cases,可数名词);D 项sums“金额,款项”,不能用于表达“病例数”。B 项numbers “数量”,修饰可数名词(如: large numbers of cases 大量的病例),符合题意。 4.【答案】A 【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要的逻辑线索,与上文意思(第二段)形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达 如“heightened alert”、“emergency meeting”和“a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性,所以根据But 和in

2005年-2016年考研英语一翻译真题汇总

05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

1考研英语翻译真题精练精讲

2001年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲 一、全真试卷 In less than30years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. (71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.(72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived. According to BT s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1000years),when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. (73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds or key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040. Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully,simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,”, he says.(74)But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:”It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human befo re the end of the next century.” Through his research,Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However,there are still no forecasts for when faster-that-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,cause problems in2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.(75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage. 二、翻译题解 (71)Therewill betelevision chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitorsthatwill disablethem when they offend. 句子拆分: 拆分点参考:分词,标点符号,连词 There will be television chat shows// hosted by robots//, and cars with pollution monitors// that will disable them// when they offend. 解读: 1)主干结构是带双主语的存在句:There will be television chat shows..., and cars... 2)两个主语都带有定语:第一个主语television chat shows的定语是过去分词短语hosted by robots,第二个主语cars的定语是介词短语with pollution monitors。

2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析

2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析 一、来源:今年的文章来源于An outline of American history(1954)(《美国历史纲要(1954年英文版)》),是其中一章The Colonial Period(殖民时期)的节选。这个符合历年来翻译的考查规律,往往都是从书籍中节选段落进行翻译,内容相对于阅读而言,相对于2014年“贝多芬”而言,有些难懂。 二、难度:5句话共151词,相当平稳。其中48题最长,35词;50题最简单,24词。可以说,不同基础的同学都可以从中找到自己熟悉的部分,不至于在这个题上一分未得。 三、句型特点:今年的5句话中,有2句(46,48)是简单句,另外3句(47,49,50)是复合句。其中的复合句无一例外都考查的是定语从句的翻译,并没有涉及到其他从句类型。简单句中考查最多的也是后置定语的翻译。所以,中公考研考前为大家预测的难点中,定语的翻译是绝对考点和重点。 四、逐题详解: 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 重点词组:out of a wilderness(摆脱荒凉),by its nature(就其本质而言,从本质来说),uncharted(未知的;图上未标明的)。 结构分析:整个句子是一个简单句,由and并列谓语动词built和shaped。driven by powerful and diverse motivations是后置定语,修饰movement;out of a wilderness是后置定语,修饰nation;of an uncharted continent是后置定语,修饰character and destiny。 参考译文:这项运动,由多种强大的动机驱动,建立了一个摆脱荒凉的国家,并且从本质上来讲,塑造了一块不为人熟悉的大陆的性格和命运。 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 重点词组:product(产物),principal(主要的;首要的),peoples(民族),impact(影响) 结构分析:句子的主干是The United States is the product of two principal forces,破折号解释说明forces。of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics是后置定语,修饰immigration;of a new country which modified these traits是后置定语,修饰impact,其中包含一个定语从句which modified these traits,修饰country。 参考译文:美国是两股主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗习惯和国家特征的欧洲民族的移民,和修改这些特征的新兴国家的影响。 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the carried national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. 重点词组:peculiar(特有的,独特的),interplay(互相影响),sheer(独特的) 结构分析:整个句子是简单句,主语由三个名词短语用and并列承担,谓宾部分比较短小caused significant changes。主语1中,of geographic conditions peculiar to America是后置

2011年英语一真题翻译

2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译 Section I Use of English 古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”。尽管有些相反的意见,但笑可能对身体健康影响极小。笑确实能对心脏和血管产生短期的改变,笑能够促进心律呼吸速率。但是因为大笑很难持续,一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生很大的益处。 实际上,其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉,很显然笑确是起到了相反的作用,二十世纪三十年代的一项研究表明笑可以放松肌肉,在狂笑平息之后45分钟内会降低肌肉张力。 这样的身体放松可能会帮助减轻心理紧张状态的影响。笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的身体上的反馈来提高个体的情绪状态。根据一个经典的情绪理论,我们的感觉部分根源于身体上的反映。十九世纪末人们便争论这一说法:人们不会因为他们伤心而哭,但当开始 尽管悲伤能产生眼泪,证据显示情绪是肌肉反应的结果。1988年德国乌子堡大学的社会心理学家做了一个实验,他让志愿者用牙咬住一支笔做出假笑,或者用嘴含住一支笔,这个动作会让人产生一种失望的表情。那些被强制锻炼笑肌的人比那些嘴唇皱着表情失望的人在观看有趣的动画片时反应更加丰富,这暗示了表情可能会影响情绪,而不只是反过来情绪会影响表情。同样,笑这一生理行为可以改善心

Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监,这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。别的不说,大部分人的反应是积极的。“好啊,终于好了!” Anthony Tommasini写道,他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。 但是,这个任命之所以引起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。甚至在时代杂志上发文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都称其为“低调的音乐家,在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质。”爱乐乐团迄今为止都是由像Gustav Mahler和Pierre Boulez那样的音乐家领导的。这样去描述这个乐团的下一位 指挥,至少对于时代的读者而言,这是一种苍白的表扬。 就我看来,我不知道Gilbert是否是一个伟大的指挥家或者是一个好的指挥。但是我能确定的是,他能表演出很多有趣的乐章,但是我却应该不会去Avery Fisher Hall或者其他地方去听一场有趣的交响乐演出。我要做的事情就是去我的CD架上,或者打开的我的电脑 从iTunes上下载更多的唱片。 那些忠实的音乐会观众会讲唱片并不能代替现场的演出,但是他们忽略了核心问题。当下为了获得艺术爱好者的时间,关注度和金钱,

历年英语六级翻译真题汇总

六级翻译 helj 2011/4/12 令狐采学 10/12) 82.There is no denying that you __________________________________ (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter. 83.Only when I reached my thirties _____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的). 84. Much _________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected. 85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; ______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了). 86. I ____________________________________________ (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday. (10\06) 82.___(他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leavethem and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. 83.Before you take any action, please remember to ___ (权衡你的决

定会产生的后果).84. He assured his friend that under no circumstances ___ (他会违背还钱的承诺).85. Most educators advise that kids ___ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86. Business major as he is, he has ___ (从未考虑过从事推销员工作). (09\12 ) 82. How long does a jacket like this last me? — (这要看你多长时间穿一次). 83. The theory he advanced has proved (对许多传统概念的一种挑战). 84. The manager (本可以亲自参加会议), but he was called away for some urgent business abroad. 85. Both research and practical experience have shown that a (均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的). 86. Much (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. (09/06) 82.With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk ________ (说服他不买车). 83.________ (保持幽默有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society.. 84.When confronted with the evidence, ________ (他不得不坦白

近十年英语一翻译真题

This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivation, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.

历年英语6级真题翻译及答案(含2010年6月)

一、翻译命题原则和测试重点 1. 汉译英题型 2. 一般的短句翻译,内容日常,关键在正确用词、搭配、语法。 3. 实质为补全句子,考察语法结构和词组运用知识:句型、词 组、单词拼写、大小写、标点符号等 二、翻译原则与应试技巧 1. 正确理解原文词义,正确选词,重点吃透原文 例如:入世与否,对中国来讲,是一个面子问题。 The access to WTO, for China, is a question of dignity 2. 注意词的搭配:重点是定语和中心词、动宾 例如:1. 他整个下午都在忙着接电话。 He was busy answering the telephones all afternoon. 2. 被告在法庭上承认了自己的罪行。 The accused confessed his crime in court. 3. 具体翻译方法的运用 (1)增译法:冠词、时态词、动态词、连词、概括词 例如:a. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后 modesty helps one to go forward, while conceit makes one lag behind. 例如: b.谁都知道战场是艰苦的 Everyone knows that life on battlefields is very hard. (2)减词法a:使之符合英文习惯,不能死译

例如:中国足球的落后状态必须改变。 The (state/condition of) backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed. 总结:汉语中的范畴词在英文中往往省略,用英文中 相应的抽象名词翻译,常考范畴词为: 谦虚态度:modesty 发展过程:development 残暴行为:brutality 同情心理:sympathy 悲伤情绪:sadness 无知表现:innocence 稳定性: stability 灵敏度:sensibility 防爆措施:anti-violence 同化作用:assimilation (3)转换词性:重点是动词派生词、介词和副词 例如a:看到喷气式飞机令我非常向往。 The sight of the jet filled me with special longing. 例如b: 她越过草地、跨上台阶。 She skimmed over the lawn and up the steps. (4)巧用英语中的词缀 表能力的‘得’(able-,-ible):消息靠的住吗?Is…reliable? 表‘过多’的over-:她加班了5个小时:she overworked for 5… 表‘免除’的‘- free’:昆明是个不冻城:Kungming is a ice-free.. 表‘超过’的‘out-’: 他比他妻子多活了3年:…outlived his wife for… 考察重点 虚拟语气

上大历年翻译真题

2012英语翻译基础 第一项:术语解释,20分,5个 1.G20 2.经济适应房 3.和而不同 4.工业“三废” 5.保障性住房 问答题:用自己的话说说翻译中对待source text要注意哪些factors 10分What factors do u think should be taken into consideration in translating a source text 第二项:汉译英 60分 统筹战时医学教育的问题 抗日战争是一场全民族的战争。全国人民,不论男女,不论老少,不论南北,都有保卫国土的责任。抗战是涉及到多方面的因素,其中医疗救治是一个重要部分。不论是前方在战场上浴血奋战的战士,还是流离失所的难民和无家可归的群众,他们都需要药品,防疫等。抗战中的医学教育机构也要承担很多责任。有些学校对抗战很热,把所有的教授,学生和设备都运到前线和大后方的医院,以至于学校处于停顿状体。有些学校为了保存实力,从甲地移往乙地,从乙地移往丙地,以致于大部分老师和学生都几乎成为逃难的难民,所经受的艰苦不言自明。有的学校很不负责任,依旧照常运行,丝毫不受战争的影响,这些学校对国家一点都负责任。战时需要大量的医护人员,而原本就紧缺的医护人员远不能满足战争的紧急需要,医学教育机构和学院要在最短的时间内培养出大批医护人员。1938年12月,颜福庆在《中华医学杂志》上发表了“战时医学教育问题”,这篇文章为当时的医学教育政策做了纲领性的阐述。颜福庆指出:“战时的医学教育问题是一个非常重要的问题,应该做统筹规划,但是政府却没有这么做。医学教育机构也有责任培养医护人员。一方面,医学教育机构要注重正常的教学和运行,另一方面,他们必须承担对国家的责任。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。此处省略百余字。 (颜福庆是当时医学界的主要人物,复旦大学的这篇文章像是品论他的贡献)第三项:英译汉60分 The Tell-Tale Heart(Edgar Allan Poe) 2013英语翻译基础 第一题,共4个词汇,共20分 1、文化软实力cultural soft power 2、文化自觉cultural consciousness 3、贴近群众、贴近生活、贴近实际 4、《食品安全法》food safety law. 5、《反不当竞争法》anti-unfair competition law 第二题,问答,10分 what do you think of the statement that defferent styles of texts call for defferent approaches to translate? 对于不同风格的文体要采取不同的翻译技巧,你如何认为?

相关文档
最新文档