锂离子电池负极硅碳复合材料的研究进展

第7卷第4期2018年7月

储能科学与技术

Energy Storage Science and Technology

V ol.7 No.4

Jul. 2018

进展与评述

锂离子电池负极硅碳复合材料的研究进展

鲁豪祺1,林少雄2,陈伟伦1,刘巧云1,罗昱1,张五星1

(1华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074;2国轩高科股份有限公司工程研究总院,安徽合肥230011)

摘要:硅基负极材料具有比容量高、电压平台低、环境友好、资源丰富等优点,有望替代石墨负极应用于下一代高比能锂离子电池。但是硅的导电性较差,且在充放电过程中存在巨大的体积效应,极易导致电极极化、材料粉化、SEI膜重构、库仑效率低和容量持续衰减。硅和碳复合能很好地综合两者的优势,形成结构稳定、循环性好及容量高的负极材料。本文从不同维度的硅(SiNPs、SiNTs/ SiNWs、SiNFs、Bulk Si)与碳复合这一角度,综述了硅碳复合材料在结构设计、制备工艺、电化学性能等方面的最新研究进展,并对未来的硅碳复合材料的研究工作进行了展望。

关键词:锂离子电池;硅碳复合材料;负极材料

doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0043

中图分类号:TM 911 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-4239(2018)04-0595-12 Research progress on Si/C composites as anode for lithium ion

batteries

LU Haoqi1, LIN Shaoxiong2, CHEN Weilun1, LIU Qiaoyun1, LUO Yu1, ZHANG Wuxing1

(1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China;

2Guoxuan High-Tech Inc. Company, Hefei 230011, Anhui, China)

Abstract:Silicon based anode materials with high specific capacity, low voltage plateau, environmental friendliness and abundant resources, are expected to replace graphite for the next generation lithium-ion batteries with high energy density. However, the conductivity of silicon is poor.

Even worse, the huge volume change of Si during charge/discharge process can result in large electrochemical polarization, material pulverization, SEI film reconstitution, low coulombic efficiency and continuous capacity fading. However, silicon and carbon composites can combine their advantages of high capacity and excellent electronic conductivity, forming an anode with stable structure, good cycle stability and high capacity. This paper reviews the research progress of Si/C composite in the structural design, preparation process and electrochemical performance from the view of different dimensions of silicon (SiNPs, SiNTs/ SiNWs, SiNFs, Bulk Si), and the Si/C composite materials for future research are also prospected.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries; Si/C composite;anode material

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收稿日期:2018-03-26;修改稿日期:2018-05-21。

基金项目:国家重点研发计划新能源汽车重点专项(2016YFB0100302)。第一作者:鲁豪祺(1994—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为锂离子电池硅基负极材料,E-mail:luhaoqizxzj@https://www.360docs.net/doc/1414426468.html,;通讯联系人:张五星,副教授,研究方向为锂离子电池、钠离子电池及其在动力与储能上的应用,E-mail:zhangwx@https://www.360docs.net/doc/1414426468.html,。关注。锂离子电池作为电能转化和储存的重要媒介,具有能量密度高、循环稳定性好、工作电位窗口宽、安全性高、环境友好等优点,广泛应用于便携式电子产品、大规模储能和电动汽车等领域。随着新能源汽车的快速发展,续航里程的提高对电池的能量密度提出了更高的要求。中华人民共和国工业和信息化部发布的《中国制造2025》中,2020年动力锂

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