专业英语作业生态学
一、
1.Emerging organic contaminant removal depending on primary treatment and operational strategy in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands: Influence of redox. 20 在水平潜流湿地中基于初级处理和运行方式对新兴有机污染物的去除：氧化还原反应的影响。
2. Pretreatment methods for aquatic plant biomass as carbon sources for potential use in treating eutrophic water in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. 21
潜流人工湿地预处理方法对水生植物生物量作为碳源在富营养化水体处理中的潜在应用。
3.Performance of pilot-scale constructed wetlands for secondary treatment of chromium-bearing tannery wastewaters. 14 中试规模人工湿地作为制革厂含铬废水的二级处理的性能研究。
4. Influence of plants on microbial activity in a vertical-downflow wetland system treating waste activated sludge with high organic matter concentrations.21
垂直流湿地废水处理系统的含高有机物浓度的活性污泥中微生物活动对植物的影响。
5.Toxicity of high salinity tannery wastewater and effects on constructed wetland plants. 12
制革厂废水的高盐分对人工湿地植物的毒性和影响。
6. Microbial diversity, tolerance, and biodegradation potential of urban wetlands with different input regimes. 13 不同给料方法的城市湿地中微生物多样性，耐药性和生物降解潜力。
7.Treatment of estrogens and androgens in dairy wastewater by a constructed wetland system.13 人工湿地系统对牛奶厂废水中雌激素和雄激素的处理。
8.Pollutant removal in a multi-stage municipal wastewater treatment system comprised of constructed wetlands and a maturation pond, in a temperate climate. 22
在适度气候条件下由人工湿地和成熟塘组成的多阶段生活废水处理系统中的污染物的去除。
9.Vegetated ditches for treatment of surface water with highly fluctuating water regime. 12
植被沟对高波动的交替进排水机制表面流的处理。
10.Nitrogen removal in an integrated constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater. 10
在一个整合的人工湿地生活污水处理系统中的氮去除。
Word numbers: 10-22 ,7 of 10 within 17 words. Form PubMed.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/153633699.html,parison of interannual removal variation of various constructed wetland types.
Hijosa-Valsero M, Sidrach-Cardona R, Bécares E.
Abstract
Seven mesocosm-scale (1m(2)) constructed wetlands (CWs) of different configurations were operated outdoors for thirty-nine months under the same conditions to assess their ability to remove organic matter and nutrients from urban wastewaters. CWs differed in some design parameters, namely the presence of plants, the species chosen (i.e., Typha angustifolia or Phragmites australis), the flow configuration (i.e., surface flow or subsurface flow) and the presence/absence of a gravel bed. It was observed that, in general, removal efficiencies decreased with the aging of the system and that seasonality had a great influence on CWs. A comparison was made in order to figure out which kind of CW was more efficient for the removal of every pollutant in the long term. Planted systems were clearly better than unplanted systems even in winter. Efficiency differences among CWs were not extremely great, especially after a few years. However, some types of CWs were more adequate for the removal of certain pollutants. The effect of the aging on the main parameters involved in pollutant removal in CWs (temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration and redox potential) was assessed. The efficiency of CWs should not be evaluated based on short monitoring periods (1-2 years) after the start-up of the systems, but on longer periods.
对于不同类型的人工湿地年际去除率变化的比较
建立了七个不同规模的中性试验生态系人工湿地，在相同户外条件下运行39个月，评估它们去除城市污水中的有机物和营养物质的能力。这些人工湿地在一些设计参数上是不同的，即存在的植物种类，物种的选择，水流的类型（例如表面流或潜流）以及沙砾床的存在与否等方面的不同。可以观察到通常来说，人工湿地的去除效率随着系统年龄的上升而降低，且季节性变化对人工湿地有很大的影响。我们做了一个比较来找出在长期运行上来看哪种人工湿地对去除各种污染物更有效。种有植物的系统即使在冬天也比没有植物的系统要好。这些人工湿地的效率差异是不显著的，尤其在运行多年以后。但是，某些类型的人工湿地更适合去除特定类型的污染物。我们对年龄变化对人工湿地污染物去除的影响的主要参数（温度，pH，导电性，溶解氧浓度和氧化还原电势）也进行了评估。对人工湿地效率评价不能基于建成后短期（1-2年）运行的系统，而是要运行更长时间以后的检测参数才更为有效。Seasonal performance of an outdoor constructed wetland for graywater treatment in a temperate climate
Jokerst A, Sharvelle SE, Hollowed ME, Roesner LA.
Abstract
The seasonal treatment efficiency of a pilot-scale constructed wetland system located outdoors in a semi-arid, temperate climate was evaluated for graywater in a comprehensive, 1-year study. The system consisted of two wetland beds in series--a free water surface bed followed by a subsurface flow bed. Water quality monitoring evaluated organics, solids, nutrients, microbials, and surfactants. The results showed that the wetland substantially reduced graywater constituents during fall, spring, and summer, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (92%), total nitrogen (85%), total phosphorus (78%), total suspended solids (TSS) (73%), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) surfactants (94%), and E. coli (1.7 orders of magnitude). Except for TSS, lower removals of graywater constituents were noted in winter--BOD (78%), total nitrogen (64%), total phosphorus (65%), LAS (87%), and E. coli (1.0 order), indicating that, although wetland treatment
slowed during the winter, the system remained active, even when the average water temperature was 5.2 +/- 4.5 degrees C.
温带气候用于处理灰水的露天人工湿地随季节变化的运行情况
对处于半干旱温带地区的中试规模的露天人工湿地系统的季节性处理灰水效率进行了为期一年的综合性评价。这个系统由一个表面流湿地床和一个潜流湿地床串联组成。水质监测包括测定有机物含量，固体，营养物，微生物和表面活性剂的含量等。结果表明湿地在秋季，春季和夏季都可以很大程度上减少灰水成分，达到去除生化需氧量（92%），总氮（85%），总磷（78%），总固体悬浮物（73%），支链烷烃磺酸盐（LAS）表面活性剂（94%）和大肠杆菌（1.7数量级）。除了总固体悬浮物，冬季灰水成分的去除量相对较低--BOD(78%)，总氮(64%)，总磷(65%)，LAS (87%)，大肠杆菌（1.0数量级），表明尽管湿地处理效率在冬季会下降，但系统是保持着活性的，甚至在平均水温5.2℃到零下4.5℃时依然有一定的活性。
Retention of heavy metals and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons from road water in a constructed wetland and the effect of de-icing
Tromp K, Lima AT, Barendregt A, Verhoeven JT.
Abstract
A full-scale remediation facility including a detention basin and a wetland was tested for retention of heavy metals and Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water drained from a motorway in The Netherlands. The facility consisted of a detention basin, a vertical-flow reed bed and a final groundwater infiltration bed. Water samples were taken of road water, detention basin influent and wetland effluent. By using automated sampling, we were able to obtain reliable concentration averages per 4-week period during 18 months. The system retained the PAHs very well, with retention efficiencies of 90-95%. While environmental standards for these substances were surpassed in the road water, this was never the case after passage through the system. For the metals the situation was more complicated. All metals studied (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni) had concentrations frequently surpassing environmental standards in the road water. After passage through the system, most metal concentrations were lower than the standards, except for Cu and Zn. There was a dramatic effect of de-icing salts on the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni, in the effluent leaving the system. For Cu, the concentrations even became higher than they had ever been in the road water. It is advised to let the road water bypass the facility during de-icing periods.
人工湿地处理径流污水时重金属和多环芳香烃的停留和对除冰的影响
荷兰兴建的由一个滞洪区和一个湿地组成的大规模的修复设施用来测定机动车路排出的污水中重金属和多环芳香烃（PAHs）的停留。该设施包括一个滞洪区，一个垂直流芦苇床和一个最终的地下水渗滤床。水样取自路面径流，蓄洪池支流和湿地出水。通过自动化流样分析，我们可以得到相对可靠地18个月内每四周的平均浓度。这个系统可以很好的拦截多环芳烃，拦截率达90-95%。对这种物质的环境容纳标准高于路面径流，因此通过这个系统的污水可以不用再考虑多环芳烃类物质。对于金属元素来说情况更为复杂。研究的金属元素（Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd 和Ni）在路面径流中的浓度都高于环境容纳标准。通过修复系统后，除了
Cu和Zn外很多金属浓度低于环境标准。在该系统的出水中残留的Cu, Zn, Cd 和Ni 的浓度可以起到很大的融冰盐的效果。对于Cu来说，系统出水浓度甚至比路面径流水中的浓度还高。预示我们可以在需要融冰的时期将路面径流通过该设备进而起到消冰的作用。
二、
人工湿地污水处理技术的研究和进展
常高峰杜书田李万庆天津市环境保护技术开发中心.
摘要: 本文首先分析了人工湿地的发展历史，进而对人工湿地的概念、原理及组成进行了研究分析。结合近年来人工湿地运行实例，分析了人工湿地在城市建设、景观建设、气候调节、地下水补给以及地表水富营养化治理等方面所起到的作用，突出了人工湿地处理技术在对NP 独特的去除效率。同时在对人工湿地处理技术研究的基础上，提出了人工湿地污水处理技术在其发展中的局限性和发展主导方向，指出其在生态城市建设中将会起到重要作用。
关链词：人工湿地；污水处理技术；生态城市建设；环境保护
Research and Advance of Constructed Wetland System for Sewage Treatment
Abstract
The article analysed the development history of constructed wetland(CW), then studied the concept, principle and constitution of CW. According to constructed wetland which succeeded in operating recently, discussed that CW plays the role in urban construction, landscape construction, climatic regulation, groundwater replenishment and eutrophication of surface treatment, highlights the treatment technology of CW plays a important role on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Furthermore, we introduced the limitations and development orientation about the treatment technology of CW on the basis of the researches on constructed wetland technology, pointed out its significant function in ecological urban construction.
Keywords: Constructed wetland; Wastewater treatment technology; Ecological urban construction; Environmental protection
水力停留时间变化对两种人工湿地净化效果的影响
吴建强王敏唐浩吴健沙晨燕上海市环境科学研究院上海
摘要：依托建立在新沂河河漫滩的人工湿地中试工程开展现场试验，研究分析水力停留时间变化对2种人工湿地污染物净化效果的影响。结果表明：水力停留时间的变化显著影响潜流和垂直流湿地污染物净化的效果，2种湿地高锰酸盐指数和氨氮（NH4+-N）去除效果随水力停留时间的变化均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。垂直流湿地显示出比潜流湿地更好、更稳定的污染物净化效果，其高锰酸盐指数和NH4+-N去除效果的最佳停留时间均出现在2d左右，2种污染物的去除率分别达到93.1%和87.7%；而潜流湿地在水力停留时间为2d左右时高锰酸盐指数去除率最高，达到92.3%，在2.5d左右的时候NH4+-N去除率最高，达到81.5%。潜流和垂直流湿地都适合应用于新沂河污染河水的处理，在设计和实践应用中，两者的水力停留时间参数均可设定为2d。
关键词：人工湿地；水力停留时间；污染物；净化效果
Effect on the Variety of Hydraulic Retention Time on Two Constructed Wetlands’Nutrient Removal Efficiency
Abstract
Field test was conducted on the basis of constructed wetland pilot-scale project located in flood plain of Xinyi river, studied effects of the variety of hydraulic retention time on two constructed wetlands’ purification results. The results show that the variety of hydraulic retention time play a important role on subsurface flow constructed wetland(SSFW) and vertical flow constructed wetland(VFW) for nutrient removal. In two wetlands both the salt permanganate index and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N) are along with the hydraulic retention time changes fluctuate. VFW shows more advantages and stabilization in nutrient removal efficiency than SSFW, the optimal residence time of the salt permanganate index and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N) are almost 2d around, these two kinds of pollutant removal rates are 93.1% and 87.7% separately; however in SSFW when the hydraulic retention time was 2d, the salt permanganate index removal efficiency was 92.3%, when 2.5d around the NH4+-N removal efficiency was 81.5%. Both VFW and SSFW are suitable for the treatment of Xinyi river, in The design and application, these two wetlands’ hydraulic retention time parameters can be set to 2d. Keywords: constructed wetland; hydraulic retention time; pollutant; purification efficiency
人工湿地除磷研究进展
李晓东，孙铁珩，李海波*，王洪
(东北大学资源与土木工程学院, 沈阳110004；2. 沈阳大学环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳110044，3中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳110016
摘要：从人工湿地除磷机理着手，综述了国内外有关湿地基质、湿地植物及微生物强化除磷的研究机理以及进展。深入研究多种基质组合对磷素的吸附与解析机理，可以从理论上推进诸多高效除磷基质的实际应用进程；植物间接净化作用及其与湿地水力停留时间的关系，是影响湿地植物选种和种植的重要依据；植物根际微环境以及植物与微生物的耦合作用可能是人工湿地除磷的主要途径之一；强调湿地的污水净化功能而忽视其生态服务功能，是湿地运行中普遍存在的认识错误。最后指出：湿地运行应采取高水力负荷、低污染负荷的方式，强调强化一级处理的重要性。
关键词：人工湿地；除磷；基质；耦合作用；生态功能
Research and Advance of Constructed Wetland in Phosphorous Removal
Abstract
Based on constructed wetland phosphorus removal mechanism, this article summed up domestic and foreign’s mechanism and development expositions related wetlands medium, wetland plants and microbial enhanced phosphorus removal. Advanced studies about a variety of matrix composition for phosphorus uptake and analytical mechanism, can push on so many efficient substrates for phosphorus removal application process; the relationship between plant’s indirect purification and wetland’s hydraulic retention time become the important basis which affect wetland plant selection and cultivation; plant rhizosphere and the coupling effect of plants and
microorganisms may become one of the main ways of phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands; there is a common mistake that lay much stress on wetland sewage purification function and neglect it’s ecological service function. Finally it is pointed out that wetland operation should be high hydraulic load and low pollution load. Meanwhile the primary treatment is necessary to be emphasized.
Keywords: constructed wetland; phosphorus removal substrate; coupling effect; ecological service function
心理学专业英语复习资料
心理学专业英语复习资料 I. Translate the Following English Phrases into Chinese 1. Research Methods 研究方法 2. Psychophysics 心理物理学 3. Theories of Learning 学习理论 4. Social Cognition 社会认知 5．Personality Test 人格测试 6. Extraneous Variable 无关变量 7. Longitudinal Study 纵向研究 8. Crystallized Intelligence 晶体智力 9. Motor control 运动控制 10. Corpus Callosum 胼胝体 11. Group Thinking 群体思维 12. Social Loafing 社会懈怠 13. Social Exchange 社会交换 14. Social Approval 社会赞许 15. Diffusion of Responsibility 责任分散 16. Recency Effec 近因效应 17．Trace Decay 痕迹消退 18. Retrograde Amnesia 倒摄遗忘 19. Social Support 社会支持 20. Self-efficacy 自我效能 21. Case Study 个案研究 II. Translate the Following Chinese Word Groups into English 1. 机能主义functionalism 2. 自我实现self—actualization 3．一般规律研究法nomothetic method 4. 分层抽样stratified sampling 5. 外在信度external reliability 6. 选择性注意selective attention 7. 知觉恒常性perceptual constancy 8. 自我概念self concept 9. 液体智力fluid intelligence 10. 安全型依恋secure attachment 11. 性别图示gender schema 12. 亲社会行为pro social behavior 13. 从众实验conformity experiment 14. 头脑风暴brain storming 15. 社会助长social facilitation 16. 旁观者效应bystander effect 17. 标准差standard deviation 18. 柱状图bar chart 19. 正态分布normal distribution
英语作业及答案
下面的范文中有很多错误，请找出形容词与副词的混淆、冠词的遗漏和误用、介词和代词的误用等错误，并检查句子的完整性、单词拼写、主谓的一致性、动词和现在分词是否混淆、复数形式、动词的时态、词汇选择、词性、单词的顺序等问题。 (几乎每个句子都有错误) An university education is a goal of many high school students. Some students want to go into a profession that requires an university degree. But there are other professions that do not require a degree, but require certification from a technological college. The reasons why students make decisions to go to technical college instead of university probably have a lot to do with their choice of career, their own academic abilities and their financial situation. First of all, students make their choices for post-secondary education based on the fields that interest them. A student who is interested in medicine might decide to university, into a pre-med program to prepare to become a doctor, or they might go to nursing school or a nursing program in a technical college. Some career choices offer a choice of educational route. The university route is usually more intense and takes longer. For example, an interior designer might take a one or two year program at a college, or choose to do the degree program as a part of the architectural department at a university. Other career choices involve certification that is available at a college, like broadcast journal or
生态学课后作业
绪论 1、生态学的概念 2、生态学发展经过了哪些发展阶段，各阶段有何特点？ 3、世界上当今生态学的主要流派有哪些？各有何侧重？ 4、如何用生态学观点，阐述人类当前面临的能源、人口、环境问题？ 5、生态学有哪些研究方法？ 第一章 1、什么是环境？什么是生态因子？生态因子有哪些？ 2、生态因子有哪些作用特点？ 3、试述生物对生态因子耐受限度的调整。 4、有效积温法则及其应用。 5、水对于动物的生态意义。 第三章 1、种群统计有哪些方法？各有何优缺点？ 2、种群年龄锥体可划分几种基本类型，各有何特点和发展趋势。 3、如何编制生命表？动态生命表和静态生命表的区别？Deevey存活曲线分为哪几类？ 各适应哪些生物。 4、何为内禀生长率（Andrewartha 定义），怎样进行关键因子分析（key factor analysis)。 5、种群有哪几类增长模型？试分别列举之。 6、逻辑斯谛方程经历几个发展期？请写出逻辑斯谛方程。 7、自然种群变动有哪些特点。 8、自然选择有哪些类型？有哪些选择方式？物种形成经历哪些阶段？ 9、试述种群进化的生态对策（bionimic strategy)。 10、动物有哪几种婚配制度？ 11、什么是高斯（Gause）原理？竞争有哪些基本特征？ 12、谈谈捕食与被捕食之间的相互适应，试述Lotka--Voltera方程。 第四章 1、群落具有哪些基本特征？它和种群有哪些区别和联系？群落的性质如何？ 2、何为趋同适应、趋异适应？它们分别产生怎样的生态现象？（同种群部分结合起来） 3、何为Raunkiaer频度定律？它说明了什么？ 4、生物多样性包含哪些层次？多样性描述的指数常用有哪些？生物多样性由哪些因素决定的？ 5、比较分析层片和层次的生态含义及异同点。 6、一定地区代表性的叶子大小能说明该地的哪些环境条件？为什么？
全国农业推广硕士专业英语作业题
全国农业推广硕士专业英语作业题 Part One Vocabulary and Structure Fill in the balnks with words or expressions chosen from the following list. Change the form where necessary. speculate specify commitment despite desirable access contribution adolescent banish inhabitant identify frustration impact sanction impressive hit upon switch correspond to obligation various 1、The U.N would impose economic against the offending nations or government. 2、The boys and girls are fond of behaving differently from seniors. 3、I a satisfactory explanation. 4、Man on the origin of the universe since the beginning og the human history. 5、You can from your mind the idea of holding a party during
the examination week. 6、The company that we would have one subject to another. 7、The American Congree the British Parliament. 8、We are trying to find some people who have a real sense of to the job. 9、the sandstorm, the Johnsons drove to the xilla to celebrate their 25th anniversary of marriage. 10、You are under no to pay for goods which you did not order. 11、Men still hold the vast majority of the least- or modt-dangerous jobs, such as loggers and miners. 12、He doesn’t expect to see changes overnight. 13、Students must have to good books.
心理学专业英语
心理学是什么－－What Psychology Is Why people do the things they do is an age-old question. However, psychology--the science concerned with behavior, both humans and animals--is only about 125 years old. Despite its youth, it is a broad discipline, essentially spanning subject matter from biology to sociology. Biology studies the structures and functions of living organisms. Sociology examines how groups function in society. Psychologists study two critical relationships: one between brain function and behavior, and one between the environment and behavior. As scientists, psychologists follow scientific methods, using careful observation, experimentation, and analysis. But psychologists also need to be creative in the way they apply scientific findings. Psychologists are frequently innovators, evolving new approaches from established knowledge to meet changing needs of people and societies. They develop theories and test them through their research. As this research yields new information, these findings become part of the body of knowledge that practitioners call on in their work with clients and patients. Psychology is a tremendously varied field. Psychologists conduct both basic and applied research, serve as consultants to communities and organizations, diagnose and treat people, and teach future psychologists and other types of students. They test intelligence and personality. They assess behavioral and mental function and well-being, stepping in to help where appropriate. They study how human beings relate to each other and also to machines, and they work to improve these relationships. And with America undergoing large changes in its population makeup, psychologists bring important knowledge and skills to understanding diverse cultures. Many psychologists work independently. They also team up with other professionals--for example, other scientists, physicians, lawyers, school personnel, computer experts, engineers, policy makers, and managers--to contribute to every area of society. Thus we find them in laboratories, hospitals, courtrooms, schools and universities, community health centers, prisons, and corporate offices. Psychologists traditionally study both normal and abnormal functioning, and also treat patients with mental and emotional problems. Today, they are increasingly concentrating on behaviors that affect the mental and emotional health and mental processes of healthy human beings. For example, they work with business executives, performers, and athletes to combat stress and improve performance. They advise lawyers on jury selection and collaborate with educators on school reform. They show up immediately following a disaster such as a plane crash or bombing, to help victims and bystanders recover from the trauma, or shock, of the event. They team with law enforcement and public health officials to analyze the causes of such events and prevent their occurrence. Involved in all aspects of our fast-paced world, psychologists must keep up with what's happening all around us. When you're a psychologist, your education never ends. Psychology is a discipline with a bright future. Among fields requiring a college degree, it is expected to be the third fastest-growing field in America through the year 2005 and to continue to grow steadily for at least another dozen years after that. Opportunities for work in psychology are expanding in number and scope. The move toward preventing illness, rather than merely diagnosing and treating it, requires people to learn how to make healthy behavior a routine part of living. Indeed, many of the problems facing society today are problems about behavior, for example, drug addiction, poor personal relationships, violence at home and in the street, and the harm we do to our environment. Psychologists contribute solutions to problems through careful collection of data, analysis of data, and development of intervention strategies--in other words, by
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2．'s . (√) 3．: . (√) 4． a 2000 . (×) 5．( ) a . (√) 6. , a . (√) 7. , ’s . (×) 8. ’t . (×) 9. . (×) 10. . (×). 三．.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。) （一）． 1. （） a. 操作系统 2. b. 输入. 3. ( ) c. 只读存储器 4. ( ) d. 应用软件 5. e. 中央处理器 6. f. 系统软件 7. g. 硬件 8. h. 随机存储器 9. i. 内存 10. j. 输出 1．e 6. j 2．g 7．a 3．h 8. d 4．c 9. f 5．b 10. i (二) ． 1. a
2. b a 3. c 4 d a 0 1 5. e a 6. f 7. g 8. h a 9. i a 1．d 6. a 2．g 7．f 3．h 8. c 4．b 9. e 5．i 四．, . （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。） 1． () . , a . , . , , . , . 2. , , . , a a a , a , a , a . , , . a , , a . , 1-2-3 . a , a ( ) . 3.
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