专业英语课后题答案

课外作业

1.把下列各组单词，词组与短语译成英语，并按他们的相关性联想记忆：

（1）学会institute、建筑师architect 机械师machinist 制图员draftsman 测量者surveyor 木匠carpenter

（2）（i）点point 端点endpoint 线line直线straight line 线段line segment 曲线curved line 折线broken line 射线ray 平面plane 曲面surface

（ii）立体solid 柱体cylinder 立方体cube 球sphere 棱锥pyramid 圆锥cone（iii）圆circle 圆心center 直径diameter 半径radius 弦chord 弧arc 优弧major arc 劣弧minor arc

（iv）角angle 边side 三角形triangle 直角三角形right triangle 斜边hypotenuse 直角边（v）长度length 宽度width 厚度thickness 位置position（vi）几何的geometry 立体的solid 弯曲的curve 等距离的equidistant 无限的infinite（3）培养创造力bring up creations 必须的prerequisite 毅力perseverance提高鉴赏能力promote appreciation （4）消失了的边界有序性和优美感orderliness and beauty 几何图形大量存在there are a great deal about geometric figures 定理成立的先决条件

2.汉译英

（1）许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础先决条件。

答：Many specialist have recognized that mathematics is a prerequisite to study other science and technology.

（2）西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术，其实中国古代的数学家做了许多出色的贡献。

Western country’s specialist considered that geometry had its origin long ago in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians .actually the mathematicians of China antiquity have made many excellent contributions.

（3）几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎，他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。

答：In studying geometry the students are led away from the practice of blind acceptance of statements and ideas and are taught to think clearly and critically before forming conclusions. （4）数学培养学生的分析问题的能力，使他们能应用毅力，创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。答：

（5）几何主要不是研究数，而是形，例如三角形，平行四边形和圆，虽然它也与数有关。答：Geometry is not study numbers greatly，but figures, such as triangles、parallelogram and circle, although it also has connection with numbers.

（6）一个立体（图形）有长、宽和高；面（平面或曲面）有长和宽，但没有厚度；线（直线或曲线）有长度，但既没有宽度也没有厚度；点只有位置，却没有大小。

A solid (figure) has length ,width and height ; A plant has length and width ,but no thickness ; A line has length ,but no width and thickness; A point only has position, but no size.

（7）射线从某个点出发无限延伸；两条从同一点出发的射线构成了一个角。这两条射线称为这个角的两边，当这两边位于同一条直线上且方向相反时，所得的角是平角。

答：

（8）平面上的闭曲线当其中每一点到一个固定点的距离均相等时叫做圆。这个固定点成为圆心，经过圆心且两端点在圆周上的线段称为这个圆的直径，直径的一半叫做半径，这条曲线的长度叫做周长。

答：A circle is a closed curve lying in one plane, all points of which are equidistant form a fixed point called the center. A diameter of a circle is a line segment through the center with endpoints

on the circle . A diameter is equal to two radii. The circumference is the length of a circle.

3.英译汉

（1）In geometry an angle is defined as the set of points determined by two rays l1 and l2 having the same endpoint O.

答：几何中角的定义是有相同端点的两条射线L1和L2所确定的图形。

（2）In trigonometry we often interpret angles as rotations of rays. To obtain an angle we may start with a fixed ray l1 having endpoint O, and rotate it about O, in a plane ,to a position specified by ray l2. We call l1 the initial side, ;2 the terminal side, and O the vertex of angle. 答：三角学中我们通常把角看作是射线的旋转。为了定义一个角，我们可以让射线L1绕它的端点O在平面上旋转，并确定一个位置L2，我们称L1为始边，L2为终边，O为角的顶点。

（3）A right angle is a 90° angle. An angle θis acute if 0°<θ<90° or obtuse if 90°<θ<180° .A straight angle is a 180°angle. Two acute angles are complementary if their sum is 90°. Two positive angles are supplementary if their sum is 180°

答：直角就是90°的角。如果0°<θ<90°则θ是锐角，如果90°<θ<180°则θ为钝角。180°的角是平角。如果两个锐角的和是90°则这两个角互余。如果两个正角的和为180°，则这两个角互补。