专业英语课后习题参考答案

Unit 7 P56

I、Translate the following words into Chinese

1、Reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土

2、Rolled-steel轧制钢

3、Weldability可焊性

4、Aggregate骨料

5、Mortar砂浆

6、Deformation变形

II、Translate the following words into English

1、冲击荷载shock loading

2、软钢，低碳钢mild steel/low carbon steel

3、冷拉hard drawn

4、黏土砖clay brick

5、收缩shrinkage

III、Translate the following sentence into Chinese

1、The modern civil engineer needs to deal with a variety of materials that are often

integrated in the same structure , such as steel and concrete , or are used separately

for construction projects , such as pavement form asphalt and Portland cement

concrete.

现代土木工程师需要处理大量建筑材料。有时多种材料使用在同一结构中，如

钢筋和混凝土；有时建筑材料被分别使用在单独的建筑项目中，例如沥青路面

和硅酸盐水泥混凝土。

2、The useful engineering properties of both unalloyed and allyed aluminum are low

specific gravity , resistance to corrosion , high electrical conductivity and excellent

forming properties.

铝和铝合金的有用的工程特性都是低比重，耐腐蚀，导电性能高和成型性能好。

3、Concrete is a man-made composite the major constituent of which is natural

aggregate (such as gravel and sand) and binding medium (such as cement paste ,

bitumen and polymers).

4、混凝土是一种主要成分为天然骨料（例如碎石和砂）和粘结介质（例如水泥、

沥青和聚合物）的人工复合材料

5、Reinforcing techniques have been developed in recent years to extend the structure

possibilities of masonry, especially improved its resistance to earthquakes.

加固技术是近年来发展起来的技术。它扩展了砌体结构的样式，尤其是提高了

其抗震性。

Uint 18 P153

I、Translate the following words into Chinese

1、medium-span bridge中跨径桥

2、arch rib拱肋

3、cable-stayed bridge斜拉桥

4、peer review同行审查

5、masonry arch砖砌拱

II、Translate the following words into English

1、拱肋arch rib

2、悬索桥suspension bridge

3、系杆拱桥tied-arch bridge

4、大跨度桥long span bridge

5、下承式拱桥through arched bridge

6、（斜拉桥的）背锁backstays

7、桥面板bridge deck

III、Translate the following sentences into Chinese

1、Arched and truss-arched bridges are included in this classification. Examples are the

masonry arch , the concrete arch , the steel truss-arch , the steel deck truss , the

rigid frame , and the inclined leg frame bridges.

拱桥和桁架拱桥都包括在这个分类中。具体地有砖砌拱，混凝土拱，钢桁架拱，

钢板拱桥，刚架，和斜墩框架桥。

2、Suspension bridges are constructed with two main cables from which the deck ,

usually a stiffened truss , is hung by secondary cables.

悬索桥主要由两条主索组成。一般由加强桁架制成的桥面板通过副索挂在主索上。

3、It is the best alternative for spans over 2000 ft(600m),and it is generally regarded as

competitive for spans down to 1000ft(300m) . However , even shorter spans have

been built , including some very attractive pedestrian bridges.

对于跨来说超过2000英尺（600米）的桥来说，（悬索桥）是最好的选择，不过

当跨度小到1000英尺的时候，（这种形式）仍然具有竞争力。然而，有更小的

跨度的悬索桥已经被建造，包括一些非常好看的天桥。

I、Translate the following words into Chinese

1、underlying soil地下土层

2、heterogeneous nature异质性

3、the site-specific geotechnical information详细的地层信息

4、field exploration program现场勘查

5、soil improvement methods地基加固方法

II、Translate the following words into English

1、地质历史geological history

2、沉井open caisson

3、扩展基础spread footing

4、地基加固soil improvement

5、筏型基础raft fundation

III、Translate the following sentences into Chinese

1. The term superstructure is commonly used to describe the engineered part of the system bringing load to the foundation, or substructure.

上层建筑一般被描述为传递荷载给基础或底部结构的工程部分。

2. For these reasons it is better to describe a foundation as that part of the engineering system that interfaces the load-carrying components to the ground.

出于这些原因，基础作为工程的一部分，连接了承力构件与大地。

3. Because of the heterogeneous nature of soil and rock masses . two foundations—even on adjacent construction sites—will seldom be the same except by coincidence.

由于土壤和岩石堆的异质性，很少会有两个一样的基础，哪怕是毗邻的，除了巧合。

4. Geotechnical considerations will primarily be on strength and deformation and those soil water phenomena that affect strength and deformation.

岩土工程主要关心泥土的强度、变形以及会影响强度和变形的土壤中水分的信息。

5. The terms drilling pier and drilled caisson are for the pile type member that is constructed by drilling + m diameter hole in the soil, adding reinforced as necessary , and backfilling the cavity with concrete

钻孔灌注桩和钻孔沉箱是指在直径大于米孔中浇筑混凝土，或者钢筋混凝土。

I、Translate the following words into Chinese

1、construction operations施工作业

2、on schedule在日程上

3、construction plans and specifications建设计划和详述

4、partial or complete fabrication by a supplier由供应商部分组装或完全装装

5、temporary construction facilities临时的建设设施

6、proper balance of water and cement合适的水灰比

II、Translate the following words into English

1、商品混凝土搅拌厂commercial batch plants

2、材料的采购material’s procurement

3、建筑物周边building surroundings

III、Translate the following sentence into Chinese.

1、It is more economical to assemble of the structure at a fabrication shop rather than

in the field , but the size of preassembled units is limited by the capacity of

transportation and erection equipment.

在制造厂装配结构比在现场装配结构段更经济，但装配构建的单元尺寸受运输

能力和安装设备的影响。

2、Concrete is placed by chuting directly from the mix truck , where possible , or from

buckets handled by means of cranes or cableways , or it can be pumped into place

by special concrete pumps.

混凝土直接从搅拌车的溜槽中出来，可能的话，也可以用起重机或索道吊起桶，

或也可以用特殊的混凝土泵泵入

3、The construction engineer is generally responsible for initiating the purchase of

most construction materials and expediting their delivery to the project . Some

materials , such as structural steel and mechanical equipment , require partial or

complete fabrication by a supplier.

建筑工程师的职责是开始采购大部分的建筑材料，并组织运送到工地。还有一

些材料如钢铁和机械设备，需要由供应商部分组装或全部组装好。

4、When the comparison of actual and estimated unit cost indicates an overrun, an

analysis is made to pinpoint the cause.

当实际单位造价超出预算单位造价，需要进行分析指出原因。

I、Translate the following words into Chinese

1、various construction activities大量的建筑活动

2、over-lap the design phase重叠设计阶段

3、make the actual planning decisions做出实际的规划决策

4、civil engineers土木工程师

II、Translate the following sentences into Chinese

1、土木工程项目civil engineering projects

2、污水处理厂the sewage treatment plant

3、技术可行the technique is feasible

4、施工阶段the construction phase

5、不可预见的困难unforeseen difficulties

6、设计阶段the design phase

III、Translate the following sentences into Chinese

1、Design and construction is usually associated with the private sector of the civil

engineering industry.

设计与施工通常与土木工程行业的私营部门相关。

2、Thus feasibility studies are as much concerned with cost as with technical

feasibility.

因此可行性研究对成本的关注程度和对技术可行性的关注程度一样多。

3、It is obvious that the over-all objective in the construction phase is optimization in

the widest sense of doing the best possible with available resources.

很明显建设阶段的总体目标是用有限的资源做出最优的决定。

4、Frequently contractors negotiate minor design changes in order to make the

construction easier.

常见地，承包人商议修改一些细节以便让建设更简单。

Unit 27 P245

I、Translate the following words into Chinese

1、highway alignment高速公路线形

2、transition curve过渡曲线

3、clover-leaf interchange苜蓿叶形立交

4、centrifugal force离心力

5、subgrade路基/地基

II、Translate the following words into English

1、路面pavement

2、平面交叉intersection at grade

3、急弯、锐曲线elbow-sharp curve

4、设计速度design speed

5、路堑cutting

III、Translate the following sentences into Chinese

1、The horizontal alignment of a road is shown on the plan view and is a series of

straight lines called tangents connected by circular curves.

路面水平线是由一系列切线组成的，这些切线与圆曲线相连接

2、In cut sections, the subgrade is the original soil lying below the special layers

designated as base and subbase material.

在截面中，路基是地基和底基层材料之下的原始土层。

3、For example , a sharp horizontal curve beginning near a crest can create a serious

accident hazard.

例如，水平曲线的波峰处曲率变化大可能会造成交通灾难

4、Desirable properties that the subgrade should possess include strength , drainage ,

ease of compaction , permanency of compaction , and permanency of strength.

路基应该具有的理想的性能包括强度，排水，便于压实，压实持续性和强度持

久性

5、Soil is a highly variable material; the interrelationship of soil texture, density,

moisture content , and strength are complex , and behavior under repeated loads is

difficult to evaluate.

土是一个易变的材料；土壤质地的密实性，含水量，复杂的强度，和反复荷载

下的表现是不容易评估的。