中考英语非谓语动词(基础讲解)

非谓语动词

【真题再现】

1. —Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary. (2014 扬州)

—Let's donate our pocket money to them.

A. buy

B. buying

C. to buy

D. be bought

2. My parents always tell me ________ more vegetables and fruit. (2014 北京)

A. eat

B. eating

C. eats

D. to eat

3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money ________ poor young girls return to school. (2014 镇江)

A. to save

B. saving

C. helping

D. to help

4. Granny often tells us ________ water in our daily life.(2014 泰安)

A. save

B. saving

C. to save

D. saves

5. Tom’s mother told him ________ eating too much meat.(2014黔西南州)

A. stopping

B. to stop

C. stops

D. stopped

6. —Hey guys, Chinese way of ________ the road is very dangerous. You must wait for the green lights on. (2014 昆明)

— Thank you for your advice, sir.

A. going

B. walking

C. crossing

D. passing

7. —What else should we pay attention to ________ building the bridge?(2014 淮安)

－The change of the weather, I think.

A. finish

B. finished

C. to finish

D. finishing

8. —Tom, why are you in such a hurry?(2014黑龙江省龙东地区)

－Oh, my bike is broken, I’m going to have it ________.

A. repairing

B. repaired

C. to repair

9. The WWF is working hard __________ the animals in danger．(2015 南宁)

A．save B．to save C．saves D．saved

10. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ for such a long time. (2015 广州)

A. run

B. runs

C. to run

D. running

11. This sign is used ________ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo．(2015 南通)

A．to warn B．to warning C．to make D．to making

12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _______ boring numbers and information.(2015 临沂)

A．processing B．to process C．processed D．process

13. My friend invited me __________ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.(2015 上海)

A. join

B. to join

C. joined

D. joining

14. Martin was so busy __________ the old that he gave up his part-time job.(2015 上海)

A. helping

B. helped

C. to help

D. help

15．The traffic signs warn people after drinking. （2015 青岛）

A. to drive

B. not to drive

C. driving

D. don’t drive

【答案与解析】

1. C。句意：——一些孩子买不起必要的文具。——让我们把零花钱捐给他们吧。afford 后跟动词不定式作宾语，故选C项。

2. D。句意：我父母总是告诉我多吃蔬菜和水果。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故选D。

3. D。句意：春蕾计划是一个为帮助贫困女孩重返学校募集钱的组织。此处需用动词不定式表示目的，排除B和C；save救，挽救；help帮助，根据句意选D。

4. C。本句意为：Granny经常告诉我们在日常生活中要节约用水。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故答案选C。

5. B。本题意为：Tom的妈妈告诉他要停止吃太多的肉；tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案选B。

6. C。本题意为：——嗨，中国式的过马路是很危险的。你必须等待绿灯亮。——先生，谢谢你的建议。crossing the road表示横穿马路，故答案选C。

7. C。本题意为：——我们完成这座桥还应该注意些什么？——我想应该注意天气的变化。本题考查动词不定式，pay attention to意为“注意”。to是介词，所以后面接名词以及动名词，但本题题空中，应该表示目的，所以选动词不定式，答案为C。

8. B。本题意为：——Tom，为什么你这么匆忙？——Oh，我的自行车坏了，我要去修一下。have sth. done意为“使某事、某物被……”，故答案选B。

9. B。句意为：世界自然基金会正在努力去拯救濒危动物。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。

10. D。句意：Sarah，跑了这么长时间的步，你最好喝些水。run跑步；runs第三人称单数形式；to run动词不定式；这里是介词after+动名词形式，故选D。

11. A。句意为：在动物园，这个标志被用来警告游客远离狮子。be used to do sth．表示“被用来做某事”，为固定用法，故选A。

12. A。spend+时间+(in) doing sth．意为“做某事花费多少时间”，故选A。

13. B。句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。join动词原形；to join 动词不定式；joined 动词过去式；joining动名词形式。invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”，结合句意及结构，故答案为B项。

14. A。句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼职工作。be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。结合所给选项的形式，答案为A项。

15. B。句意:交通标志警示人们不要酒后驾车。warn sb. to do sth意为“警告某人干某事”；warn sb. not to do sth意为“警告某人不要干某事”。

【用法讲解】

考试要求：

非谓语动词中考考查的重点有：

1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；

2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；

3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；

4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；

5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。

1. 动词不定式

（1）动词不定式的构成：

不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如：

To learn English well is useful．→It is useful to learn English well．

学好英语很有用。

It’s important for us to protect the environment．

保护环境对我们来说很重要。

注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It’s very kind of you to help me．你帮助我真是太好啦。

It’s very clever of you to do like that．你那样做真是太聪明啦!

2)不定式作宾语

①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。

如：Would you like to see a film this evening?

你今晚想去看电影吗?

②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

如：I find it easy to read English every day．我发现每天读英语很容易。

③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式

why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not)do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do...

如：I would rather stay in the room．我宁愿待在房间里。

3)不定式作宾语补足语

不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．露西让他关小收音机。

My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：

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