2017年郑州大学翻译硕士真题 357英语翻译基础

2017年郑州大学翻译硕士真题

（357英语翻译基础）

1. Sentence translation (50 points)

Translate the following sentences into Chinese (25 points)

1. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.

2. This method of using "controls" can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as "Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?" and "Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?"

3. The 20th century will not be remembered as the era when space was conquered, or the power of the atom, harnessed, but that in which were made the first machines having intelligence.

4. Shortly before the uninhabited space station reached orbit in May 1973, aerodynamic pressure ripped off a meteoroid and heat shield.

5.They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

Translate the following sentences into English（25 points）

1.基于原子水平上略微不同的性质，已知的水分子可以以两种不同的“异构体”类型存在。通过分离出两种异构体，研究人员能够证明它们在进行化学反应时可以表现出不同的行为。水分子是由两个氢原子和一个氧原子键合而成的。

2.通过对扫描的分析，血液流动的模式——神经活动的一种衡量方式——与不同参与者之间的友谊程度存在高度一致性，甚至在控制了种族、宗教或家庭收入等其他可以解释神经反应相似性的因素后依然如此。

3.“饥饿神经”，又称迷走神经后干，是大迷走神经的一个分支，影响心脏、肺和胃肠系统。当你空肚子时，“饥饿神经”会告诉大脑你饿了。

4.据报告，新产品线已经开始采用由聚乙烯制成的部件——它们和由传统塑料制成的部件一模一样。聚乙烯是一种柔软、耐久、灵活的塑料。

5.科技日新用异，我们见证着许多革命性的技术创新，比如无人驾驶汽车，虚拟现实等等欢是近在则尺的例子。当然这些新技术中许多还在起步阶段，这意味着这些新兴技术开始勃发的时机已经成熟，人们应该引导它们进入正确的轨道。

2.Text translation（100points）

1.Translate the following two texts into Chinese（50points）

1.Drinking liquid water is one of the most undervalued variables in the quest for living a healthy life. When one attempts to get in better shape and turn their life for the better health-wise, nutrition and exercise is the concentration of most. While these two aspects are undoubtedly extremely important，overlooking the importance of water may be a downfall for many.

Those who suffer from daytime fatigue may be under the impression they need more sleep, or work too hard. While these are certainly possibilities, if they are suffering from mild dehydration, more water would do the trick. Basically put, the body cannot perform the functions it needs to in order to stay alive with insufficient water. Every function in the body requires water, and if your intake is sub-par you could be in for some trouble.

If you happen to suffer from constipation, sore joints or dry mouth, your issues may be solved simply by increasing your water intake. That is just a few examples or bodily functions affected by water, but there are plenty others.

Water also plays a huge role in maintaining metabolism，and can stabilize the appetite as well. Switching from soda or juice to water would help those who are overweight or obese immensely.

2.Solar energy has already proved itself as one of the most promising renewable sources of energy. Solar energy is abundant and very easy to get it. It is totally free of cost and proved as the cleanest energy source.

Passive solar energy today we are generally referring to the process of capturing energy（heat）by using specific construction techniques. Passive solar technologies include direct and indirect rises in temperature within a building or room using simple things like windows, overhangs, insulation and landscaping to capture and contain the heat from the sun. Passive solar energy is the most typical home solar power currently in use. Many homes are designed for passive solar. With the proper use of glazing materials（lots of windows）and a southern exposure for your home a lot of heat can be captured.

There are many builders who specialize in the construction of passive solar homes. The cost of building a passive solar home is significantly less than building a home that is powered by active solar power systems for heating and water.

Passive solar systems are a core element of energy efficient housing. It helps optimize natural sunlight and heat within a home without the use of any other mechanical systems.

2.Translate the following two texts into English. (50points)

1.东西方文化对教育与培训的内涵有不同理解和定义，亚洲传统比较保守，

西方近代文化则比较开明。西学东渐以来，国人在许多切身相关的问题发生种种所谓的变革，其实就是不断地被西来的观念所改写或替换。他们认为真正的教育，其责任必须以引导学习者成人为务，以发展人性，培养人格，改善人生为目的。而培训则是一种有组织的知识传递、技能传递、标准传递、信息传递、管理训诫行为。

2.经济全球化的历史大势不可逆转。经济全球化是社会生产力发展的客观要求和科技进步的必然结果。经济全球化为世界经济增长提供了强劲动力，促进了商品和资本流动、科技和文明进步、各国人民交往。在经济全球化时代，世界各国利益和命运更加紧密地联系在一起，形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。全球开放、互联互通，共享全球和平与繁荣的成果，共担全球风险和挑战的责任，是全世界人民的共同呼声。