名词性从句用法详解

名词性从句用法

一、概念

名词性从句，即指____________________ 的从句，它包括__________ 、__________ 、__________ 和__________ 。

从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。

二、名词性从句的一般引导词

1. 连接词______只起______作用，及____________，也不____________，在______中可______，但引导其他名词性从句时通常______。如：

I hope______ you enjoy your holiday.

______ he likes you is very obvious.

2.连接词______也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导____________时，可换成______，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。

He asked ____________ I would show him the way.

______ it will do us harm remains to be seen.

3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：

That’s______ she wanted to leave.

______ we arrive doesn't matter.

Tell me ______ one you like best.

4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如：

The question is______we should carry out the plan.

______she’ll be back depends much on the weather.

______ he did it will remain a puzzle forever.

三、名词性从句的重要引导词

1.______可引导______从句、______从句和______从句，但不用于引导______从句。

它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；

二是表示“…所…的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。

I don’t kn ow______you want.

I don’t know ______you want is this.

2.what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。

I gave him what books I had.

注：what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰，两者的区别是：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：

What friends she has are out of the country.

We gave him what (little) help we could.

What 用法归纳

1. 表示“……的东西或事情”：

They’ve done what they can to help her.

He saves what he earns.。

What Mary is is the secretary.

2. 表示“……的人或的样子”：

He is no longer what he was.

He is what is generally called a traitor.

Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?

3. 表示“……的数量或数目”：

Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.

The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.

4. 表示“……的时间”：

After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.

The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.

5. 表示“……的地方”：

This is what they call Salt Lake City.

In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.

that与what引导名词性从句的区别

that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如：

1. ______she lacks experience is obvious.

2. The police learned______ he wasn’t there at that time.

3. He realized ______she too was exhausted.

4. My idea is ______ you shouldn’t have left the country.

5. Bob has the mistaken idea ______ tomorrow is a holiday.

6. It was quite plain ______ he didn’t want to come.

7. It is natural ______ they should have different views.

8. ______ (=The thing that) he said was true.

9. ______ he had hoped at last came true.

10. ______ he said is beneath contempt.

11. ______ he says is true, possibly.

12. ______she saw gave her a fright.

13. ______I want to say is this.

14. I’m sorry for______ I said.

15. That’s ______ I want to know.

16. You had better hear______ I have to say.

17.I managed to get______I wanted.

18. It was ______ he meant rather than ______he said.

19. There’s something in______ he says.

20. Her interest was roused by ______he said.

21. He was always conscious of the fact______she did not approve of ______ he was doing.

注：that 可引导同位语从句，what不能

whatever, whoever, whichever引导名词性从句

1. whatever引导的名词性从句

Whatever的意思是“所…的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语：

Whatever he did was right.

Give them whatever they desire.

I will just say whatever comes into my mind.

Goats eat whatever (food) they can find.

I’m going to learn whatever my tutor wishes.

He does whatever she asks him to do.

Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.

One should stick to whatever one has begun.

She would tell him whatever news she got.

You can have whatever allowance you like.

2. whoever引导的名词性从句

whoever的意思“任何…的人”，在意义上大致相当于 anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语：

I’ll take whoever w ants to go.

She can marry whoever she chooses.

Whoever wants the book may have it.

Whoever comes will be welcome.

Whoever you invite will be welcome.

Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it.

【注意】

(1)whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever 已几乎不用)。

(2) 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：

误：Who wins can get a prize. / Anyone wins can get a prize.

正：Whoever wins can get a prize. / Anyone who wins can a prize. 谁赢了都可以获奖。whatever与no matter what

It is generally considered unwise to give a child __________ her or she wants.

A. whatever

B. no matter what

C. whenever

D. no matter when

no matter what 只能引导__________，而不引导__________。

而 whatever 既可引导__________ (＝anything that)，

也可引导__________ (＝no matter what)：

1. 引导名词性从句只用whatever：

无论他做什么都是对的。

：Whatever he did was right.

：No matter what he did was right.

无论他说什么似乎都有道理。

：Whatever he says sounds reasonable.

：No matter what he says sounds reasonable.

山羊找到什么就吃什么。

：Goats eat whatever they find.

：Goats eat no matter what they find.

2. 引导状语从句两者可换用：

无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

：Whatever you say，I won’t believe you.

：No matter what you say，I won’t believe you.

无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。

：Keep calm，whatever happens.

：Keep calm，no matter what happens.

whether 和if引导名词性从句的区别

两者均可用于____________________，表示“是否”，常可互换。但在其他情况下表示“是否”时，通常只用 whether 而不用 if。如：引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、与or连用分别引导两个分句等，或用于不定式前、用于介词后、直接与 or not 连用等等。

Ask him whether [if] he can come.

The question is whether he can do it.

Answer my question whether you can help him.

It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.

注：在某些动词后(如 discuss 等) 通常只用 whether。

We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.

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