英文合同翻译常见词注解(下)

英文合同翻译常见词注解（下）

十九in question

释义: under consideration; being talked about, 这, 该

用法: 表示强调，常常表示“在考虑中的或在议论中的”某一事或某个问题，比如表示“该事项”，可说“the matters in question”。

例1

Party A agrees to acquire from Party B and Party B agrees to transfer to Party A the Patented Technology for Contract Products. The Patented Technology in question shall be the same technology as the technology of Party B’s latest products.

注释：

（1）the Patented Technology：专利技术

（2）Contract Products：合同产品

（3）the Patented Technology in question：这种技术

（4）the same…as：和……一样

（5）the technology of latest products：最新产品的技术

参考译文：

甲方同意从乙方获得，乙方同意向甲方转让合同产品的专利技术。这种技术应与乙方最新产品的技术完全一致。

例2

The arbitration shall be take place in Stockholm, Sweden, and shall be conducted by the arbitration tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the statutes of the tribunal in question.

注释：

（1）arbitration：仲裁

（2）the arbitration tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce：斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院

（3）the statutes of the tribunal in question：该院的章程

参考译文：

仲裁将在瑞典斯德哥尔摩进行，由斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院根据该院的章程进行仲裁。

例3

Where the import and export of goods, articles such as cultural relics, wildlife animals and plants and the products thereof are prohibited or restricted by other laws or administrative regulations, the provisions of the laws and regulations in question shall be observed.

注释：

（1）cultural relics：文物

（2）wildlife animals and plants：野生动植物

（3）the products thereof：其产品

（4）laws or administrative regulations：法律、行政法规

（5）the provisions of the laws and regulations in question shall be observed：依照有关法律、行政法规的规定办理

参考译文：

对于文物、野生动植物及其产品等货物、物品，其它法律、行政法规有禁止进出口或者限制进出口规定的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定办理。

例4

Public offers of shares shall, in accordance with the conditions provided for in the Company Law, be reported to the securities regulatory authorities under the State Council for verification. The issuer shall submit to the authorities in question the application documents specified in the Company Law and the relevant documents specified by the authorities in question.

注释：

（1）public offers of shares：公开发行股票

（2）the Company Law：《公司法》

（3）the securities regulatory authorities under the State Council：国务院证券监督管理机构

（4）for verification：核准

（5）the authorities in question：the securities regulatory authorities under the State Council，国务院证券监督管理机构

（6）the application documents：申请文件

参考译文：

公开发行股票，必须依照公司法规定的条件，报经国务院证券监督管理机构核准。发行人必须向国务院证券监督管理机构提交公司法规的申请文件和国务院证券监督管理机构规定的有关文件。

例5

To underwrite securities, a securities company shall examine the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of the public offer documents. Provided that if the securities company finds any falsehoods, misleading statements or major omissions in documents in question, it shall not carry out the sales activities. Provided also that if the securities company has already begun to sell such securities, it shall immediately discontinue the sales activities and adopt remedial measures.

注释：

（1）to underwrite securities：承销证券

（2）examine the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of the public offer documents：对公开发行募集文件的真实性、准确性、完整性进行核查

（3）finds any falsehoods, misleading statements or major omissions in documents in question：发现有关文件含有虚假记载、误导性陈述或者重大遗漏的

（4）the sales activities：销售活动

（5）adopt remedial measures：采取纠正措施

参考译文：

证券公司承销证券，应当对公开发行募集文件的真实性、准确性、完整性进行核查；发现含有虚假记载、误导性陈述或者重大遗漏的，不得进行销售活动；已经销售，必须立即停止销售活动，并采取纠正措施。

例6

Professional institutions and individuals that produce documents such as audit reports, asset appraisal reports and legal opinions for share issuance may not purchase or sell the shares in question during the underwriting period for shares in question and within six months after the expiration thereof.

注释：

（1）professional institutions and individuals：专业机构和人员

（2）audit reports：审计报告

（3）asset appraisal reports：资产评估报告

（4）legal opinions：法律意见书

（5）during the underwriting period for shares in question：在该股票承销期内

（6）within six months after the expiration thereof：期满后六个月内

参考译文：

为股票发行出具审计报告、资产评估报告或者法律意见书等文件的专业机构和人员，在该股票承销期内和期满后六个月内，不得买卖该种股票。

例7

After an application for share listing is verified by the securities regulatory authorities under the State Council, the issuer shall submit to the stock exchange the verification document and the relevant documents specified in the preceding paragraph.

The stock exchange shall make arrangements for the listing and trading of the shares in question within six months from the date of receiving such documents submitted by the issuer of the shares as is specified in the preceding paragraph.

注释：

（1）share listing：股票上市

（2）the verification document：核准文件

（3）make arrangements for the listing and trading of the shares in question：安排该股票上市交易

（4）within six months from the date of receiving such documents submitted by the issuer of the shares as is specified in the preceding paragraph：自接到该股票发行人提交的前款规定的文件之日起六个月内the issuer of the shares：股票发行人the preceding paragraph：前款

参考译文：

股票上市交易申请经国务院证券监督管理机构核准后，其发行人应向证券交易所提交核准文件和前款规定的有关文件。

证券交易所应当自接到该股票发行人提交的前款规定的文件之日起六个月内，安排该股票上市交易。

例8

After an application for share listing obtains consent from the stock exchange, the listed company shall, five days prior to the listing, announce the verified documents relating to the said share listing and make documents in question available at designated places for the public to consult.

注释：

（1）the listed company：上市公司

（2）make documents in question available at designated places for the public to consult：将该文件置备于指定场所供公众查阅

参考译文：

股票上市交易申请经证券交易所同意后，上市公司应当在上市交易的五日前公告经核准的股票上市的有关文件，并将该文件置备于指定场所供公众查阅。

例9

In case there is any breach of the provisions under this agreement by either Party during the effective period of this Agreement, the Parties hereto shall first of all try to settle to mutual satisfaction the matter in question as soon as possible.

注释：

（1）any breach of the provisions：对协议条款的违反

（2）during the effective period of this Agreement：在本协议有效期间

（3）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Agreement 本协议的缔约双方

（4）to mutual satisfaction：使双方满意

（5）the matter in question：该问题或有关问题

参考译文：

在本协议有效期间，任何一方对本协议的条款有违背时，缔约双方应首先尽可能迅速友好地解决有关问题，使双方都满意。

二十in case, in (the) case of

释义: 如果

用法: 该词组含有“一旦，万一”之意，与if有些区别。

例1

In case the quality, quantity, weight of the goods are not in conformity with the provisions of the Contract after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer may, under survey report issued by an inspection

organization agreed by the parties thereto, lodge claim with the Seller, with the exception, however, of those claims for which the insurance company and/or the shipping company shall be responsible.

注释：

（1）in case the quality, quantity, weight of the goods are not in conformity with the provisions of the Contract：一旦发现货物质量、数量或重量与合同规定的不符

（2）under survey report issued by an inspection organization agreed by the parties thereto：根据双方同意的检验组织所出具的检验证书

（3）lodge claim with the Seller：向卖方索赔

（4）the shipping company：航运公司

参考译文：

在货物运抵目的港后，一旦发现货物质量、数量或重量与合同规定的不符，买方可以根据双方同意的检验组织所出具的检验证书，向卖方索赔。但是，应由保险公司或航运公司负责的损失除外。

例2

In the case of carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport including carriage by sea, banks will refuse a transport document stating that the goods are or will be loaded on deck, unless specifically authorized in the credit.

注释：

（1）in the case of carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport including carriage by sea：如属海运或多种类型运输中包括海运carriage by sea：海运more than one mode of transport：多种类型运输

（2）will be loaded on deck：货装舱面

（3）unless specifically authorized in the credit：除非信用证特别授权

参考译文：

如属海运或多种类型运输中包括海运，除非信用证特别授权，银行将拒受注明货装舱面或将装舱面的运输单据。

例3

For the purpose of these articles, the date of issuance of a transport document (s) will be deemed to be:

i) the date of issuance indicated on the transport document in case a transport document evidences carriage by air or, the actual flight date as indicated on the transport document if the credit stipulates that the transport document shall indicate an actual flight date.

注释：

（1）for the purpose of these articles：就本条文而言

（2）in case a transport document evidences carriage by air：如系证明为航空运输单据

（3）the actual flight date：实际飞行日期

参考译文：

就本条文而言，运输单据的出单日期将被认为是：

i) 如系证明为航空运输单据——运输单据上表明的出单日期，或者，如信用证规定运输单据必须表明实际飞行日期时，则为运输单据上表明的实际飞行日期。

例4

In case any part (s) or all of the above-mentioned technical information have been made public by Party B or any third Party, Party A shall not be borne for the obligation of keeping secret the part (s) or all of the technology already published.

注释：

（1）in case any part (s) or all of the above-mentioned technical information：如上述部分或全部技术资料（2）the obligation of keeping secret：保密义务

参考译文：

如上述部分或全部技术资料由乙方或任何第三方部分或全部公开，则甲方对已公开的技术不再承担保密义务。

例5

In case the money to be paid by Party B is not enough to cover the value of the long-term L/C opened by Party A, the margin payments shall be made by Party B with the down payment before the long-term L/C expires, in order to enable Party A to pay the long-term L/C on time.

注释：

（1）the money to be paid by Party B is not enough to cover the value of the long-term L/C opened by Party A：乙方支付的货款不能相抵甲方所开的远期信用证之金额

（2）the margin payments：其差额

（3）the down payment：预付款方式

参考译文：

如乙方支付的货款不能相抵甲方所开的远期信用证之金额，其差额部分由乙方用预付款方式，在甲方所开的远期信用证到期前汇付甲方，以使甲方能按时议付远期信用证。

例6

In case the products fail to meet the standards of Party A, Party A may refuse the delivery. Provided that Party A may accept the delivery of the products at the discount price to be agreed between Party A and Party B on a cause-by-case basis.

注释：

（1）fail to meet the standards of Party A：不符合甲方标准的情况

（2）refuse the delivery：拒绝收货

（3）at the discount price：折扣议价

（4）on a cause-by-case basis：视每次具体情况

参考译文：

如果出现产品不符合甲方标准的情况，甲方可拒绝收货。但甲方可根据甲乙双方视每次具体情况的折扣议价予以接受。

例7

All disputes arising from the execution of or in connection with the Contract shall, through friendly consultations, be settled by the Parties to this Contract. In case, through consultations, the Parties hereto fail to reach the agreement on the disputes, the disputes in question shall be submitted for arbitration.

注释：

（1）all disputes arising from the execution of or in connection with the Contract：因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关而发生的一切争议

（2）in case, through consultations：如经协商

（3）shall be submitted for arbitration：则应提交仲裁解决

参考译文：

因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关而发生的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。如经协商仍达不成协议时，则应提交仲裁解决。

例8

In case, within a reasonable time, the Contractor fails to carry out such instruction, the Employer shall be entitled to employ and pay other persons to carry out the same. Provided that if, in the opinion of the Engineer, the Contractor is liable to do such work at his own cost under the Contract, all the costs in question consequent thereon or incidental thereto shall, after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor, be determined by the Engineer, and shall be recoverable from the Contractor by the Employer, and may be deducted by the Employer from any monies due or to become due to the Contractor. The Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer.

注释：

（1）in case, within a reasonable time：如在合理的时间内

（2）the same：such instruction

（3）in the opinion of the Engineer：工程师认为

（4）all the costs in question consequent thereon or incidental thereto：所有由此造成或随之产生的费用

（5）may be deducted by the Employer from any monies due or to become due to the Contractor：可由业主从其应付或将支付给承包人的款项中扣除

参考译文：

当承包人未能在合理的时间内执行这些指示，业主有权雇用他人从事该项工作，并给付报酬。如果工程师认为该项工作按合同规定应由承包人自费进行，则在与业主和承包人协商之后，工程师应确定所有由此造成或随之产生的费用，此费用应由业主向承包人索取，并可由业主从其应付或将支付给承包人的款项中扣除，工程师应相应地通知承包商，并将一份副本呈交业主。

例9

In case no settlement can be reached through consultations, the disputes shall be submitted to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration in accordance with its rules of procedure.

注释：

（1）in case no settlement can be reached through consultations：如果协商不能解决

（2）the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission：中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（3）its rules of procedure：该会的仲裁程序

参考译文：

如果协商不能解决，争执事项则应提交给中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会，根据该会的仲裁程序进行仲裁。

例10

In case Party B considers it necessary to employ a foreign auditor registered in another country to undertake annual financial verification and examination, Party A shall give its consent. All the expenses thereof shall be borne by Party B.

注释：

（1）in case Party B considers it necessary to employ a foreign auditor registered in another country：如果乙方认为需要聘请另一国注册审计师

（2）undertake annual financial verification and examination：审查年度财务

参考译文：

如果乙方认为需要聘请另一国注册审计师对年度财务进行审查，甲方应予以同意，其所需的一切费用应由乙方负担。

廿一be liable for; be liable to

释义: 对……应负有责任, be responsible in accordance with law

用法: be liable for sth.; be liable to sb.

例1

Should the carrying vessel has arrived at the port of shipment as advised and the Seller fails to have the quantity of the goods ready for loading in time as specified, the Seller shall be liable for any dead freight or demurrage.

注释:

（1）the carrying vessel：买方船只，即承运船只

（2）fails to have the quantity of the goods ready for loading in time as specified：不能按规定的时间备妥货物以待装船

（3）the Seller shall be liable for any dead freight or demurrage：则（由此而产生的）空舱费及滞期费应由卖方负担dead freight：空舱费；demurrage：滞期费

参考译文：

如果买方船只按照到达装运港，而卖方不能按规定的时间备妥货物以待装船，则由此而产生的空舱费及滞期费应由卖方负担。

例2

Party A shall not, under this guarantee, be liable for any direct or indirect loss whatsoever arising out of any defect in the parts or components thereof.

注释：

（1）under this guarantee：根据本担保

（2）be liable for any direct or indirect loss：承担任何直接或间接损失的赔偿责任

参考译文：

根据本担保，甲方不应承担因零部件缺陷而引起的任何直接或间接损失的赔偿责任。

例3

A company may invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited by shares and be liable to the companies which it has invested in to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies.

注释：

（1）invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited by shares：向其他有限责任公司、股份有限公司投资

（2）to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies：以该出资额为限

参考译文：

公司可以向其他有限责任公司、股份有限公司投资，并以该出资额为限对所投资公司承担责任。

例4

If the share prospectus, measures for offer of corporate bonds, financial or accounting report, listing report document, annual report, interim report or ad hoc report announced by an issuer or securities underwriting company contain or contains any falsehood, misleading statement or major omission, thus causing losses to investors in the course of securities trading, the issuer or the company shall be liable for the losses and the responsible director (s), supervisor (s) and /or the manager of the issuer or the company shall be jointly and severally liable for such losses.

注释：

（1）share prospectus：招股说明书

（2）measures for offer of corporate bonds：公司债券募集办法

（3）financial or accounting report：财务会计报告

（4）listing report document：上市报告文件

（5）annual report：年度报告

（6）interim report：临时报告，亦称中期报告

（7）ad hoc report：临时报告

（8）an issuer or securities underwriting company：发行人、承销的证券公司

（9）shall be jointly and severally liable for such losses：应当承担各自的连带赔偿责任

参考译文：

发行人、承销的证券公司公告招股说明书、公司债券募集办法、财务会计报告、上市报告文件、年度报告、中期报告、临时报告，存在虚假记载、误导性陈述或者有重大遗漏，致使投资者在证券交易中遭受损失的，发行人、随销的证券公司应当承担赔偿责任，发行人、承销的证券公司负有责任的董事、监事、经理应当承担各自的连带赔偿责任。

例5

After arrival at the destination port of Party A, the machinery shall be assembled by Party A itself. When Party A believes it is necessary to get the technical assistance from Party B, Party B shall send its technicians to provide technical guidance on the site and other required technical assistance during the assembling of key parts of the machinery. Party B shall be liable for the losses incurred in the course of assembling due to the technical default.

注释：

（1）the destination port of Party A：甲方口岸（目的港）

（2）the machinery shall be assembled by Party A itself：设备由甲方自行安装

（3）the technical assistance from Party B：乙方的技术服务

（4）to provide technical guidance on the site：进行现场指导

（5）during the assembling of key parts of the machinery：在主要设备安装过程中

（6）Party B shall be liable for the losses incurred in the course of assembling due to the technical default：在安装过程中由于技术上的问题所造成的损失由乙方负责

参考译文：

设备到达甲方口岸后，由甲方自行安装。但在主要设备安装过程中，甲方认为需要时，乙方必须派出技术人员进行现场指导，提供必要的技术服务；在此过程中由于技术上的问题所造成的损失由乙方负责。

例6

If, in accordance with the Contract, Party B fails to make purchase of the products of compensation trade and Party A fails to deliver the products in question, either Party shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Contract, be liable for a breach of Contract, and shall indemnify for all the economic losses.

注释：

（1）Party B fails to make purchase of the products of compensation trade：乙方未能按合同规定购买补偿贸易商品

（2）Party A fails to deliver the products in question：甲方未能按合同提供商品时

（3）be liable for a breach of Contract：承担违约责任

（4）indemnify for all the economic losses：赔偿由此造成的经济损失

参考译文：

如乙方未能按合同规定购买补偿贸易商品或甲方未能按合同提供商品时，均应按合同条款承担违约责任，赔偿由此造成的经济损失。

例7

The Contractor shall, under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor, be liable for any loss or damage to the Works during the execution and operation of the Works.

注释：

（1）under the provisions of Clause 82 on the obligations of the Contractor：按照第82条对承包人责任的规定（2）any loss or damage to the Works：对工程的任何损失或损坏

（3）during the execution and operation of the Works：在施工及作业过程中

参考译文：

按照第82条对承包人责任的规定，承包人亦应对其在施工及作业过程中造成的对工程的任何损失或损坏承担责任。

例8

Unless such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the Contractor is liable under the Contract, the Engineer shall, after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor, determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the Contractor. The amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price and the Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer.

注释：

（1）such defect, shrinkage or other fault：缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处

（2）for which the Contractor is liable under the Contract：按合同规定，……属承包商的责任

（3）after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor：与业主和承包人充分协商之后

（4）determine the amount in respect of the costs of such search incurred by the Contractor：确定承包人由于上述调查所支出的费用总额

（5）the amount in question shall be added to the Contract Price：应将其增加到合同总价中

（6）the Engineer shall notify the Contractor accordingly, with a copy to the Employer：工程师应相应通知承包人，并将一份副本呈交业主

参考译文：

除非按合同规定，上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处应属承包商的责任，否则工程师应在与业主和承包人充分协商之后，确定承包人由于上述调查所支出的费用总额，并应将其增加到合同总价中，工程师应相应通知承包人，并将一份副本呈交业主。

例9

If such defect, shrinkage or other fault is the one for which the Contractor is liable, the cost of the Work carried out in searching as aforesaid shall be borne by the Contractor. Provided that, in such case, the Contractor shall, in accordance with the provisions of Clause 82, remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost.

注释：

（1）for which the Contractor is liable：……是承包人的责任

（2）remedy such defect, shrinkage or other fault at his own cost：自费修补上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处

参考译文：

如上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处是承包人的责任，则上述有关调查工作的费用应由承包人承担。在此种情况下，承包人应按第82条规定自费修补上述缺陷、收缩或其它不合格之处。

例10

The Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for the matter or thing arising out of or in connection with the Contract or execution of the Works, unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5.

注释：

（1）the Employer shall not be liable to the Contractor for…：业主不应对承包人（就……）负有责任

（2）unless the Contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement and in the statement at completion referred to in Sub-Clause 92.5：除非承包人在其最终报表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工报表中已经包括索赔事宜

参考译文：

除非承包人在其最终报表中以及在第92.5款提及的竣工报表中已经包括索赔事宜，对由合同及工程实施引起的或与之有关的任何问题和事件，业主不应对承包人负有责任。

廿二in Testimony Whereof

释义：in Witness Whereof 以此为证，特立此证。

用法：作为正式性的体现，这个短语常常在合同结尾条款中使用，以郑重其事，重申合同的严肃性、重要性；在句子结构上也起到承启的作用，以引出结语，往往成为合同结束的语言标志，可译成“特此立（证）据”，“以此立（证）据”等

例1

In Testimony Whereof, this Contract shall come into effect after the Contract in question is made and signed by the Parties hereto in duplicate, and either Party will hold one copy.

注释

（1）In Testimony Whereof：特此立据

（2）in duplicate：一式两份

（3）either Party will hold one copy：双方各执一份。

参考译文：

本合同由双方代表签字后生效，一式两份，双方各执一份。特此立据。

例2

In Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have respectively caused this document to be made and executed in duplicate, as of the day and year first written above.

注释：

（1）In Testimony Whereof：特此为证

（2）be made and executed：订立

（3）the day and year first written above；上面所订日期

参考译文：

本文件一式两份，由本合同双方分别于上面所订日期订立，特此为证。

例3

In Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly made and executed and delivered in New York City as of the day and year first written above.

注释：

（1）In Testimony Whereof：以资证明

（2）be duly made and executed：正式签署

（3）delivered in New York City：在纽约交付

参考译文：

本合同双方于上面所订日期在纽约正式签署和交付本合同，以资证明。

例4

In Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this agreement to be duly made and executed as of the day and year first written above.

注释：

（1）In Testimony Whereof：特此为证

（2）the day and year first written above：文首所订日期

参考译文：

双方于协议文首所订日期，正式签署本合同，特此为证。

廿三Know All Men by these presents; undersigned; Now Therefore

释义：

Know All Men by these presents：根据本文件，特此宣布；

undersigned：法律文件末尾的签名者，前面加定冠词the，是指文件签署者的自称；

Now Therefore：特此，因此等。

用法：这个短语一般接whereas之后，为引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，可译成“兹”，“特此”。

例1

Know All Men by these presents that we (bank’s name) having our registered office at ______ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto(the Owner’s name) (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in the sum of ________ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, and the Bank will bind itself, its successors and assigns by these presents.

注释：

（1）Know All Men by these presents：根据本文件，特此宣布

（2）registered office：注册办公地点

（3）be bound unto：对……有义务

（4）the Owner：业主

（5）well and truly：确实地

（6）assigns：受让人

（7）by these presents：根据本文件

参考译文：

根据本文件，兹宣布，我行（银行名称），其注册地点在（注册地名）（以下称银行），向（业主名称）（以下称业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对银行及其继承人和受让人均具有约束力。

例2

The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:

注释：

（1）the undersigned Seller and Buyer：签约的买卖双方

（2）to close the following transaction：达成下列交易

参考译文：

兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。

例3

And Whereas we have agreed to give the Contractor such Bank Guarantee; Now Therefore we hereby affirm that we are the Guarantor and responsible to you, on behalf of the Contractor, up to a total of (amount of guarantee) (in words), such sum being payable in types and proportions of currencies in which the Contract is payable, and we undertake to pay you, upon your first written demand and without cavil or argument, any sum or sums within the limits of (amount of guarantee) as aforesaid without your needing to prove or to show grounds or reasons for your demand for the sum specified therein.

注释：

（1）Now Therefore we hereby affirm：我们特此同意

（2）Guarantor：保证人，担保人

（3）amount of guarantee：保证金

（4）in words：用文字书写金额

（5）types and proportions of currencies：货币的种类和比例

（6）written demand：书面要求

（7）without cavil or argument：不挑剔，不争辩

（8）aforesaid：上述的

（9）grounds or reasons：理由，根据（两词为同义词）

参考译文：

本银行（或金融机构）已同意为承包人出具保证函，我们因此同意作为保证人，并代表承包人以支付合同价款所规定的货币种类和比例，向你方担保总额为（大写）的保证金。银行在收到业主第一次书面付款要求后，不挑剔，不争辩地，在上述担保金范围内，即向你方支付（保证金额），你方无须出具证明或陈述提款理由。

例4

Know All Men by these presents that we, the Bank of China having our registered office at Fu Chenmen (hereinafter called the Bank) will be bound unto the Employer, in the Sum of _____for which payment well and truly to be made to the Employer, the Bank binds will bind himself, his successor and assignee by these presents.

注释：

（1）Know All Men by these present that：根据合同文件，兹宣布

（2）The bank binds will bind himself, his successor and assigns by these presents：对银行继承人和受让人均有约束力

参考译文：

根据合同文件，兹宣布，中国银行（注册地点：北京阜成门）（以下简称：“银行”）向业主立约担保支付金额数的担保证金。本保证书对银行继承人和受让人均有约束力。

例5

Now therefore, the conditions of this obligation are such that, if the contractor will promptly and faithfully perform the said contractor (including any amendments thereto) then this obligation shall be null and void, otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect.

注释：

（1）now therefore：为此

（2）faithfully perform the said contractor：忠实地履行上述合同

（3）including any amendments thereto：包括修改书thereto: to the contract

参考译文：

为此，本担保的义务条件是，如果承包人迅速地，忠实地履行上述合同（包括修改书），本担保书规定的义务无效，否则将生效实施。

廿四句子中状语的位置

句子结构

国际经济合同文件及其他法律文件中的英文句子具有结构严谨、句式较长的特点。为了做到准确、严密、清楚、易解，这类英文句子的结构有其自己的一定规则，较典型的特点是状语的位置，主句的状语和从句的状语都有自己一定的位置。只有掌握了这些规则，我们写出的句子才能符合上述要求，否则，写出的句子很可能不准确、不严密、不清楚、不易解，容易引发合同双方的争议。

经贸文件及其他法律文件中的句子具有结构严谨、句式较长的特点。为了做到准确、严密、清楚、易解，句子（简单句）中状语的用法有其自己的一定规则，其位置与基础英语中的频度副词（如：often, sometimes, always, never, seldom）的位置相同，一般应放在shall，may等情态助动词之后，行为动词之前。

如果英语句子为复合句，主句的状语位置与从句的状语位置不同。主句的状语位置应放在shall之后，动词之前。

例1

The securities regulatory authorities under the State Council shall, in accordance with law, implement centralized and unified regulation and supervision of the securities market nationwide. The securities regulatory authorities under the State Council may, where necessary, establish agencies that shall perform the regulatory functions as authorized.

注释：

（1）the securities regulatory authorities under the State Council：国务院证券监督管理机构

（2）implement centralized and unified regulation and supervision of the securities market nationwide：对全国证券市场实行集中统一监督管理

（3）establish agencies that shall perform the regulatory functions as authorized：设立派出机构，按照授权履行监督管理职责

参考译文：

国务院证券监督管理机构依法对全国证券市场实行集中统一监督管理。国务院证券监督管理机构根据需要可以设立派出机构，按照授权履行监督管理职责。

例2

The state audit authorities shall, in accordance with law and through auditing, supervise stock exchanges, securities companies, securities registration and clearing institutions and the securities regulatory authorities.

注释：

（1）the state audit authorities：国家审计机关

（2）stock exchange：证券交易所

（3）securities company：证券公司

（4）securities registration and clearing institutions：证券登记结算机构

（5）the securities regulatory authorities：证券监督管理机构

参考译文：

国家审计机关对证券交易所、证券公司、证券登记结算机构、证券监督管理机构，依法进行审计监督。

例3

Public offers of securities shall meet the conditions prescribed in laws and administrative regulations and shall, in accordance with law, be reported to the securities regulatory authority under the State Council or the department authorized by the State Council for verification or examination and approval.

注释：

（1）public offers of securities：公开发行证券

（2）or the department authorized by the State Council：或者国务院授权的部门

（3）for verification or examination and approval：核准或审批

参考译文：

公开发行证券，必须符合法律、行政法规规定的条件，并依法报经国务院证券监督管理机构或者国务院授权的部门核准或审批。

例4

Securities companies shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, underwrite the securities to be issued to the public by issuers. Securities shall be underwritten on an agency basis or on a sole agency basis.

注释：

（1）in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations：依照法律、行政法规的规定（2）underwrite the securities：承销证券

（3）on an agency basis or on a sole agency basis：采取代销或者包销方式

参考译文：

证券公司应当依照法律、行政法规的规定承销发行人向社会公开发行的证券。证券承销业务采取代销或者包销方式。

例5

The People’s Republic of China shall, under international treaties or agreements to which the People’s Republic of China is a contracting party or a participating party, grant the other contracting parties or participating parties, or shall, on the principles of mutual reciprocity and equality, grant the other party most-favoured-nation treatment or national treatment within the field of foreign trade.

注释：

（1）international treaties or agreements：国际条约、协定

（2）contracting party：缔约方

（3）on the principles of mutual reciprocity and equality：互惠、对等原则

（4）most-favoured-nation treatment：最惠国待遇

（5）national treatment：国民待遇

参考译文：

中华人民共和国在对外贸易方面所缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，给予其他缔约方，参加方或者根据互惠、对等原则给予对方最惠国待遇、国民待遇。

例6

A company shall, in conducting its business activities, comply with law and business ethics, strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and accept the supervision of the government and the public.

The legitimate rights and interests of a company shall be protected by law and shall not be infringed.

注释：

（1）in conducting its business activities：从事经营活动

（2）business ethics：职业道德

（3）strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization：加强社会主义精神文明建设

参考译文：

公司从事经营活动，必须遵守法律、遵守职业道德，加强社会主义精神文明建设，接受政府和社会公众的监督。

公司的合法权益受法律保护，不受侵犯。

例7

Shareholders shall, in accordance with the proportions and their capital contribution, exercise voting rights at shareholders’ meetings.

注释：

（1）in accordance with the proportions and their capital contribution：按照出资比例

（2）exercise voting rights：行使表决权

（3）shareholders’meetings：股东会会议

参考译文：

股东会会议由股东按照出资比例行使表决权。

例8

A listed company shall, pursuant to laws and administrative regulations, make public periodically its financial and operational conditions. The listed company shall, in each fiscal year, publish its financial statements once every six months.

注释：

（1）a listed company：上市公司

（2）make public periodically：定期公开

（3）its financial and operational conditions：财务状况和经营情况

（4）shall, in each fiscal year, publish its financial statements once every six months：在每会计年度内半年公布一次财务会计报告

参考译文：

上市公司必须按照法律、行政法规的规定，定期公开财务状况和经营情况，在每会计年度内半年公布一次财务会计报告。

例9

A foreign company may, pursuant to this law, establish branches within the Territory of China, and may engage in production and operational activities.

注释：

（1）establish branches within the Territory of China：在中国境内设立分支机构

（2）engage in production and operational activities：从事生产经营活动

参考译文：

外国公司依照本法规定可以在中国境内设立分支机构，从事生产经营活动。

例10

If the parties go back on their words after the conclusion of a conciliation agreement and the withdrawal of the arbitration application, an application may, in accordance with the arbitration agreement, be made for arbitration.

注释：

（1）go back on one’s words：反悔

（2）the conclusion of a conciliation agreement：达成和解协议

（3）the withdrawal of the arbitration application：撤回仲裁申请

参考译文：

当事人达成和解协议，撤回仲裁申请后反悔的，可以根据仲裁协议申请仲裁。

廿五从句中的状语的位置

如果法律文件中的句子是复合句，那么从句中的状语的位置与主句中的状语的位置是不一样的。从句中的状语通常应放在连词if或when等词的后面，从句句子的前面。

如果把从句中状语放在从句句末而从句又在主句之前，那么势必会引起对合同条款理解的差异。如果合同一方理解为是修饰主句的状语，双方就会有争议。因此把从句中的状语放在连词之后，可以避免上述误解，并使意思表达更加明确。

例1

Where, through securities trading at a stock exchange, and investor comes to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company, the investor shall, within three days from the date on which such shareholding becomes a fact, submit a written report to the securities regulatory authorities under the State Council and the stock exchange, notify the listed company and make the fact known to the public. During the period specified above, the investor may not continue to purchase or sell shares of the listed company in question.

注释：

（1）through securities trading at a stock exchange：通过证券交易所的证券交易

（2）to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company：持有一个上市公司已发行的股份的百分之五（3）notify the listed company and make the fact known to the public：通知该上市公司，并予以公告

（4）the investor may not continue to purchase or sell shares of the listed company in question：不得再行买卖该上市公司的股票

参考译文：

通过证券交易所的证券交易，投资者持有一个上市公司已发行的股份的百分之五，应当在该事实发生之日起三日内，向国务院证券监督管理机构、证券交易所作出局面报告，通知该上市公司，并予以公告。在上述规定的期限内，不得再行买卖该上市公司的股票。

例2

When, through securities trading on a stock exchange, an investor comes to hold 30 percent of the shares issued by a listed company, and continues to buy the shares of the listed company, the investor shall, in accordance with law, issue a takeover offer to all shareholders of the listed company in question, unless the investor is exempted by the securities regulatory authorities under the State Council from issuing such an offer.

注释：

（1）issue a takeover offer to all shareholders of the listed company in question：向该上市公司所有股东发出收购要约

（2）unless the investor is exempted by the securities regulatory authorities under the State Council from issuing such an offer：但经国务院证券监督管理机构免除发出要约的除外

参考译文：

通过证券交易所的证券交易，投资者持有一个上市公司已发行的股份的30%时，继续进行收购的，应当依法向该上市公司所有股东发出收购要约。但经国务院证券监督管理机构免除发出要约的除外。

例3

If, during the effective term of a takeover offer, the purchaser needs to alter any items in the takeover offer, the purchaser shall submit a report to the securities regulatory authority under the State Council and the stock exchange in advance. The purchaser shall, after approval of the report, make the fact in question known to the public.

注释：

（1）the purchaser needs to alter any items in the takeover offer：收购人需要变更收购要约中事项的