赖世雄英语语法1-30

赖世雄英语语法1-30
赖世雄英语语法1-30

第一课:主语(名词、代词)

She is my mother.

They are beautiful.

1、动名词(作主语):做过的、有经验、已经事实

动词ing

Studing english it is fine.

2、未作的事情、目的、梦想、计划、理想用不定式(作主语)

To 动词原形

To buy sth is one of plans.

To see him is my purpose.

To study abroad is my dream.

3、(不定式)主语太长,用it代替,不定式短语放在后面(动名词改成to不定式)

It is my plan to study abroad with my friend jone.

4、句子作主语要变成名词从句----前面用that

That she studys hard is true.

T hat he doesn't agree with me makes me angry.

5、句子长时(作主语)用it代替

It makes me angry that he doesn’t agree with me.

名词从句有三种:戴慧怡:that引导;whether(yes、no回答的,问句变成的句子做主语)引导;疑问词开头(不能用yes、no回答的疑问句---特殊问句)

That she studys hard is true.

Is she beautiful ?

Whether she is(不能倒装) beautiful remains to be seen.

Where will he go?

Where he will go(不能倒装) is still a question.

To bo a teacher is my dream.

Mingic daici budingshi juzi wenju zuoshuyi

第三课

1、及物动词两种语态:主动或被动

我。。。他I love her. 主动

他被我。。。her is loved by me. 被动(be+过去分词)

(1)完全及物动词:动词加宾语(名词、代词)后意思完整

I hate him.

(2)不完全及物动词:动词加宾语后意思不完整

叫、让、强迫。。。sb do sth

Make:

完全及物动词:I make a chiar.制作

不完全及物动词(+补语):I make him happy.使……

2、完全不及物动词(不能被动语态):两种用法

(1)主语+完全不及物动词

Dance:I dance.

(2)主语+be+完全不及物动词ing(现在分词):(当时正在、现在正在)进行时

I am dancing.

He was running.

3、不完全不及物动词(be、become、get):+补语(名词、形容词)

He became beautiful.

He got angry(med).变得

4、授予动词(dative verb):有两个宾语。第一个宾语指人为间接宾语,第二个宾语指物为直接宾语.

Give:I give him a car.

I bought him abook. 我买了一本书给他

I will give him something.我将会给他些东西。

I ask him a question. 我问了他一个问题。

当直接宾语在前,间接宾语在后时,通常要加一个介词“to” “for(有劳务性)”等。

(1)I give a book to him.

I told him a story.·

I told a story to him.我给他讲了一个故事。

(2)I bought a book for him. (有劳务性)不能用to

I made a chair for him. (有劳务性) 不能用to

(3)表示“从……中得取……”时用“from”

I have heard a lot from John.我跟约翰了解了很多。

(4)Ask、“demand”要求、requre 从.....要求、rob抢劫……要与of并用

From now on I will expect nothing of him.从现在起我不对他有任何指望了。

He rob me of my money.

He asked a question of me.他向我问了一个问题。

“require”要求

He requires nothing of me.他对我没有什么要求了。

“deprive”剥夺(公民权)、ease减轻(形容词为easy)要与of并用

The task is not easy.这个任务不容易。

I feel uneasy.我感到不安

Lesson 4

She became beautiful.她变得美丽了。

He got angry.他变得生气。

“get”表示“被”的意思时,后面用过去分词作补语。

She got hurt.她受伤了。

Charming妩媚

“turn”表示“变成”为不及物动词。

The leaves are turning yellow.树叶正变成黄色。

完全及物动词:指加了宾语意思很完全。

Don’t hit me.不要打我。

I made a chair.我制造了一把椅子。

出现的形态有三种。

1)主语+完全及物动词+宾语

I love him.我爱他。

2)主语+be动词后面有宾语时,此及物动词用ing的形态。(即:现在分词的形态)I was hitting him.我当时正在打他。

“have”表示“有”。(及物动词没有进行时即为————瞬间动词)

I had dinner an hour ago.一个小时前我吃晚饭了。

3)及物动词如果后面没有宾语时,主语+be动词+过去分词的形态

不完全及物动词:指动词是一个及物动词,但是意思没有完全。

I made him happy.我使他快乐。

“make”+宾语+原形动词作宾语的补足语。

“bid”吩咐(过去时“bade” )

Cause促使、迫使、强迫(此类动词加宾语后,通常放不定式短语作宾语补足语)

I will force him to do it.我将会迫使他做那件事。

Lesson 8

五大句型(五种动词)

1)主语+完全及物动词

“faint”晕倒(完全不及物动词)

He fainted.他晕倒了。

He fainted when he heard the bad news.听到这个坏消息他晕倒了。

“past away”过世

I don’t know when he will come.我不知道他什么时候来。

2)主语+不完全不及物动词+补足语(名词、形容词)

I’m a teacher.我是一个老师。

He is handsome.他很帅气。

He is energetic. “energetic”精力充沛a。

He looks happy.他看起来很高兴。感官动词look、taste、

3)主语+完全及物动词+宾语

“dump”垃圾堆,甩

his girlfriend just dump him.

I want to see him.我要见他。(表示plan计划、愿望、期望的完全及物动词用to不定式做宾语)

I think that he is nice.我想他是一个好人。(名词从句作宾语)

I wonder why she is crying.(wonder 后面不可以+that的从句,而用疑问词引出的从句)我想知道她为什么哭。

I like to dance.我喜欢跳舞。

I like dancing.

Hate、Like 后可用动名词或不定式

enjoy、dislike后面只能用动名词

I dislike doing it.我不喜欢做它。

Lesson 10

把两个句子连在一起,注意以下两点:

1)注意标点符号

2)注意连词(并列连词、连接副词……)

She is a good student;I like him very much.她是一个好学生,我很喜欢她。

“dash”破折号

He is a good student——he studies hard every day.他是一个好学生——他每天学习很努力。

She is a good student,so(and) I like her very much.她是一个好学生,因此(同时、而且)我也很喜欢她。

I like him very much because he is a good student.我很喜欢他,因为他是一个好学生。

Because he is a good student,I like him very much.

He is a good student,so I like him very much.

他是一个好学生,我很喜欢他。

英语中“because”(因为)与“so”(所以)不可以连用。

“familiar”熟悉的

“though”(虽然)与“but”(但是)不可以连用。

Though he is nice,I don’t like him.

He is nice,but(yet)I don’t like him.虽然他很好,但是我不喜欢他。

Lesson 12

连词:包含并列连词,连接副词。

并列连词:指可以连接两个对等的单词、短语、从句等。最基本的有三个——and,or,but。

John and I enjoy singing.约翰和我喜欢英语。

Are you right or wrong?你是对的还是错的呢?

主句:指开头是主语,后面加动词的句子。可以搭配连词引导的从句。

She failed because she was lazy.她失败了因为她很懒。

She failed because she was lazy.

She failed because she was lazy and ugly.

He is in Beijing but Dalan.

He is not handsome but ugly.他不帅,而是丑。

连接副词:又称副词连词。除了三个基本并列连词之外,其他通常为连接副词。不能连接对等的单词、短语,只能放在主语前面,使整个句子变成副词从句(状语从句)。

Lesson 13

Is he kind or mean?他到底是好呢,还是坏呢?(连接两个对等的单词)

“mean”邪恶的,坏的,小气的

“stingy”吝啬的,小气的

She is nice but I don’t like her.她很好但是我不喜欢她。(but连接两个对等的主句)

He is not kind but mean.他的心肠不好而是卑鄙。(but连接两个对等的单词,与not连用)

“fond”喜欢的

Peter and I are fond of music. (and连接两个对等的单词—主语,用复数are)

Peter as well as I is fond of music.彼得和我喜欢音乐。(as well as连接两个对等的单词—主语,动词跟第一个单词用is)

“as well as”以及

“rather than”而不是

Peter rather than I is fond of music.彼得喜欢音乐而我不喜欢。(rather than连接两个对等的单词,动词跟第一个单词用is)

He is ugly,not handsome.他很丑,而不是帅。(rather than可用not代替,但前面加‘,’)

Lesson 14

动词跟最近的主语作变化:

“not……but……”并非……而是……

“not only……but also……”不仅……而且……

“either……or……”要不……

“neither……nor……”既不……也不……

Not he but I am wrong.不是他,而是我错了。

Not only she but also I am wrong.不仅是她连我都错了。

Either you or he is wrong.要不就是你,要不就是他错了。

Neither you nor she is wrong.既不是你也不是她错了。

连接副词:又称副词连词。除了三个基本并列连词之外,其他通常为连接副词。不能连接对等的单词、短语,只能放在主语前面,使整个句子变成副词从句(状语从句)。从句不是主句,从句不能单独存在(没有主句)。常用的副词连词:because,though,if,unless,when,once……

Because of me she studies very hard.她因为我学习很努力。

I love Linda because she often helps the poor.我爱琳达因为她经常帮助穷人。

Lesson 15

When he came I was singing.他来的时候我在唱歌。(when引导状语从句)

“when”当……时候“while”在……时候“once”一旦“though”虽然“if”如果……这些连词引导的副词从句如果它的主语跟主句的主语一致,那么这些从句可以变成分词短语。

When I saw her,I felt happy.(相同主语)

When seeing her,I felt happy.当我看到她的时候我感到高兴。(变成分词短语,相同主语去掉一个------动词变成分词,be动词省略)

While I was in Beijing,I had a good time.

While in Beijing,I had a good time.我当时在北京过得很愉快。(同上,但省略being)

When I’m unhappy,I don’t feel like talking.

When unhappy,I don’t feel like talking.当我不高兴时,我不想说话(同上,但省略being)

<副词从句>简化的例外情况——

A.由When / While开头的<副词从句>,简化成<现在分词短语>时,<副词从句>中使用了

什么<动词>是不受限制:

例1 我有钱的When I am rich,I’ll buy a car.

时候就买--~--(being)~,------~------. √

例2 部车。When I have money,I’ll buy a car.

--~--(having) --~--,-------~-----. √

B.由if开头的<副词从句>,简化成<现在分词短语>时,<副词从句>中使用了什么<动词>是有受限制的,只允许是;其它<动词>是不可简化成<现在分词短语>的。不可按公式来套用,就得尊重英美语言形成的习惯。

例1 如果我有钱If I am rich,I’ll buy a car.

就买部车。--(being)--,------~-----. √

例2 如果我(感到)累了,If I am tired,I take a rest.

就休息一会儿。--(being) ---,-----~-----. √

3 如果我有钱就买If I have money,I’ll buy a car.

部车。--(being) --~--,------~-----. ×

有关其它方面的用法,见书,这里只是概念性的提示给你。

2-5,<连接性副词>——

<连接性副词>,它有<连接词>的味道,但是,它却不能当<连接词>,只能当<所谓的副词> 来用。因为用它的时候,无法连接两句!最常用的有:

“因此therefor e”——跟“so(<连接词>)”很像

“然而however”

例1 He’s nice, so I like him.

----~----,therefore I like him. ×

----~----;therefore I like him. √ ——要把逗号改为分号

Lesson 17

上一课谈到了连接副词,这次谈论下连接性副词:像连接词但是无法连接两个句子,只能当副词使用,在两句子中则要用分号';',有时在副词后再加个逗号','。

'therefore'

He's nice,so I like him.

He's nice;therefore,I like him.

He's nice;I,therefore,like him.

He's nice.Therefore,I like him.

类似的有'thus因此',不过'thus'一般不加逗号','.

接下来谈关系词(第三个大项)第一大项单句,第二大项两个句子如何连接。包括

关系代词,关系副词,准关系代词,复合关系代词。

ear 和year 的语音差别

Please be all ears.请大家把耳朵准备好。

Don't turn a deaf ear to me.不要对我的话充耳不闻。

关系代词常用的有:who,whom,which.

who和whom用来代替人,which 用来代替事情或东西。用以上关系词所引导的从句叫做形容词从句。所谓形容词从句其实相当该从句是变成了形容词。同样副词从句则句子变成了副词。

例如He is a student who works hard.翻译的时候则是他是一个用功的学生。

关系代词

我们今天要跟大家谈的那么就是它怎么使用。

我们要晓得,原来这个句法我这样说啊He's a student ;He studies hard.这个时候我们后头打个句点,我们是不是马上就知道我们教过两个开头都是主语he is a student;he studies hard.你看两个都是he,是不是两个都是句子?这个两个句子在一起它没有连词啊,我们已经知道用个分号连接两个句子:He's a student ;He studies hard.两个都是句子,但是之间没有连词,所以要用分号';'连接。同时He's a student ,and He studies hard。也是对的,

但是有时候我们不需要用连词而是用关系词。

首先我们来讲关系代词:

He's a student who studies hard.他是一个用功的学生。(主格)

He's a teacher whom I repect .他是一个我很尊敬的老师。(宾格)

(note:关系代词一定要紧靠在被替代的名字后)

使用关系代词的时候有三个原则,一定要记住哦,用榔头打脑袋都不能忘记(看完后不要敲自己的脑袋哦I'm going to knock on my head;knock on the door 敲门),

这三个原则是:第一,关系代词前一定要有先行词(先行词指被关系代词代替的名词);第二,关系代词在所引导的从句中必须当主语或者宾语;第三,否则前面一定有介词。

He is a man whom I enjoy working.(错的----已经有动名词做宾语working。work是不及物动词,whom也不能做宾语,应该加介词for、with)

He is a man with(for)whom I enjoy working.

He is a man whom(可以省略)I enjoy working with(for).(介词放句尾,关系代词可省略)

他是一个我很喜欢共同工作的人。

注意:如果whom前面有逗号的时候,介词即使放在句尾还是不可以省略掉。

He is a nice man,with whom I enjoy working.

He is a nice man,whom I enjoy working with.都对。

是一个好人,我愿意与他共同工作。

Lesson 20

非限定修饰:关系代词前面有逗号。指被修饰(逗号前面的名词)本身有特殊性(专有名词--—独一性)后面的形容词从句不需要限定(可要可不要)

限定修饰:关系代词前面没有逗号(先翻译形容词从句)。

This is my father,who is nice to me.这是我的爸爸,他对我很好。

Here comes Mary.玛丽来了。

He is a boy who is handsome and kind.他是一个很英俊善良的男孩。

Which代替东西或动物(代替人用who、whom)

关系代词that可以代替who、whom、which。前面一定不能用逗号‘,’(限定修饰),而且前面不能有介词(否则不能用that),因为介词后面有受格。

This is a book which I enjoy reading.-- This is a book that I enjoy reading.

He is a man that we all respect.==He is a man whom we all respect.

他是个我们都很尊敬的人。

He is a man who never lies.==He is a man that never lays.

他是个从不说谎的人(限定修饰:先翻译形容词从句)

注意:被修饰的名词前面有最高级的形容词,后面有形容词从句时,关系代词只可以用“that”

He is the best student that I have (ever) taught.他是一个我所教过的最棒的学生。

She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.她是我曾经见过的最美丽的女孩子。

That is the first thing that I do.这是我首要做的。(序数词后面,只可以用“that”)

Who is the boy that(代替who)is talking to Linda?那个与琳达说话的男孩子是谁。

(疑问词who后面,关系代词who可以用“that”)

What is the thing that(代替which)you using?你正在用的那个东西是什么东西?

(疑问词what后面,关系代词which可以用“that”)

23插入语的用法(I think……;I belive……;I found……);不影响关系代词的格

He is a man who I think never lies. 他是个我认为从不说谎的人

He is a man whom I think we should all respect.他是个我认为我们都应尊敬的人

24关系代词所有格whose的用法(同样遵循三原则)

He turns me on. 令人兴奋

He turns me off. 令人倒胃口

This is mr. Wang,whose(代替his) daughter is my girlfriend.

This is Mr. Zhang,whose daughter I love very much.这是张先生,我很爱他的女儿。

“familiar”熟悉的

This is Mr. Zhang,whose daughter I’m familiar with.这是张先生,他的女儿我很熟悉。(whose daughter不能作主语,也不能作宾语—familiar是形容词,所以用with)

“content”内容

I just bought a book whose content is interesting.(whose代替人也可代替东西)

I just bought a book,the content of which is interesting.我买了一本书,内容十分有趣。

Lesson 26

关系副词:有四个,分别是“when”修饰时间;“where”修饰地方;“why”理由用“how”(都是由“介词+关系代词which”变来的)。(同样遵循三原则)

I was born in nanjin,in which I met merr.

I was born in nanjing,where I met merry.我出生在南京,我见到了麦芮。

I went to the station,at which I met John.

I went to the station,where I met John.我去了车站,我见到了约翰。

I climb to the top of the hill, on which I met peitt我爬到了山丘的山顶见到了皮特。

I was born on October 17st 1948,on which it was raining.

我出生在1948年10月17日,那天正在下雨。

I was born on October 17st 1948, when it was raining.

Lesson 27

at 几点钟;on 哪天;in 年、月

I was born in nanjin,in which(when)it was getting warmer.

我出生在南京,天气变温暖了。

“resigned”辞职

I know the reason for which(why)he resigned.我知道他辞职的原因。

I don’t like the way in which he talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式。

the way不能与how并用(省略how)

I don’t like the way he talks. (how省略)

Lesson 28

准关系代词:有两个,分别是“than”(前面是名词)、“as”。

Mary is more beautiful than Jean玛丽比珍漂亮多了。

(then作为连词—比较级:前面是形容词)

I have more money than you do.(then作为准关系代词:前面是名词)

上句应为:I have more money than you have.

(have与前面重复,改为do才对。do相当于have,避免重复)

作为关系代词then相当于than the money which。

I have more money than the money which you do.我的钱比你的多。(作宾语)

I have more money than is neede. 我有的钱比需要的多。(作主语时,is也可省略)

“amiable”友善的

throw a party :开Party(固定用法)

Come one,come all.欢迎大家来。

More friends than have been invited came.来的朋友比邀请的多。

作为准关系代词then相当于than the friends who

I have more money than do you.我的钱比你的多。

(do相当于have,避免重复do可倒装,也可省略---相同的动词)。

作为准关系代词as:通常出现在“such……as”像……这样

I have such a car as you do.我有一辆像你这样的车子。(do相当于have,避免重复)作为准关系代词as 相当于as the car which(作宾语。若为人时用who)

Lesson 30

I don’t like such people as lie.我不喜欢像这样撒谎的人。(作主语)

as 相当于as the people who(people为复数,动词用复数lie)

“saliva”蔓延

“chocked”塞

I don’t like such a person as lies.我不喜欢像这样撒谎的人。

as 相当于as the person who(person为单数,动词用单数lies)

There is no one who doesn’t like him.

There is no one but likes him.这里没有人不喜欢他。

But代替who not和There is no搭配,去does,like变单数likes

There is no music which I am not fond of.

There is no music but I’m fond of.没有什么音乐我不喜欢。

But代替which not和There is no搭配

31

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