现在完成时用法

现在完成时(1)

基本结构：

肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他

否定句：have+not/haven’t +过去分词(done) +其他

has+not/ hasn’t+过去分词(done) +其他

一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定)

No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)

一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。

I have already spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了)

Guo zijun has just come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)

My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)

过去分词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规

则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2、不规则动词：

do---did---done go---went---gone come---came---come

have---had---had see---saw---seen be---was/were---been

句型转换：

1. He has already gone home.

___________________________________________ (否定句) ___________________________________________ (疑问句) ________________(肯定回答)________________(否定回答) 2. He has had lunch at home.

___________________________________________ (否定句) ___________________________________________ (疑问句) ________________(肯定回答)________________(否定回答) 3. He has finished his homework. (划线提问)

_____________________________________________

4. I have had lunch at school. (划线提问)

_____________________________________________

5. I _______ told him the news.（have/has）

6. She ________ come back from school.(have/has)

7. He has visited the Great Wall. (划线提问)

_____________________________________________

8. She has studied English for many years. (划线提问)

_____________________________________________

9. Tom has seen the film. (划线提问)

_____________________________________________

10. I have washed the clothes.( 划线提问)

_____________________________________________

现在完成时(2)

表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果, 常与时间副词already（已经），yet（还、已经），just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经），never （从不），before（以前）等连用。

1. already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：

I’ve already read this book.

I’ve washed my clothes already．

2. yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：—Has he found his watch yet ？

—No，not yet．

The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．

3. just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： He has just come back from school．

4. ever意为“曾经”，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？

I haven’t ever spoken to her．

5. never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在

助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

I have never travelled by plane before．

6. before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的

限制。实例：

Have you ever been to Hainan before ？

I haven’t eaten Guangdong food before．

把already，yet，just，ever，never，before放在句中适当的位置。

1、Jim has finished doing his homework. (already)

_______________________________________________________ 2、My father has been to the Great Wall before. (never)

_______________________________________________________ 3、She hasn’t seen the new film.(yet)

_______________________________________________________ 4、She has been to Shanghai before.(ever)

_______________________________________________________ 5. Have you found your watch?(yet)

_______________________________________________________ 6. ---Are you thirsty?

---No I have had some orange juice.(just)

_______________________________________________________ 7. We have returned (return) the book.(already)

_______________________________________________________ 8. I haven’t finished my homework. (yet) Can you help me?

_______________________________________________________ 9. My father have read the novel.(ever)

_______________________________________________________ 10.I’ve arrived by train.(just)

_______________________________________________________ 不规则动词：

do---_____---_____ go---_____---_____ come---_____---_____ have---_____---_____ see---_____---_____ be---_____---_____ read---read---read eat---ate---eaten speak---spoke---spoken find---found---found get---got---gotten/got win---won---won

现在完成时(3)

用法二：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用, 对for 和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long

for + 段时间

since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）

since+时段+ago

since+句子（过去时）

1) I've lived here for 16 years.

I've lived here since 1990．

I've lived here since 16 years ago.

Mr Wang has lived in the factory since he came to the city．

2) I haven't seen him for three years ．我三年没有看见他了。

= I haven't seen him since 2013.

= since three years ago

=I haven't seen him since I saw him last time in 2013.

练习A)（用for或since填空）

1. He has lived in Nanjing ______ two years ago.

2. I’ve known him ______ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.

4. She has been away from the city _______ about ten years.

5. It has been ten years ______ she left the city.

B)（完成下列句子）

1. 她在这所教学已经有五年了。

She_______________ at this school _______________ .

She_______________ at this school _______________ .

自从她来到这所城市，她就在这所学校教学。

She_______________ at this school ___________________________ .

2. 从2006年，他就在这里工作。

He_______________ here __________________.

He_______________ here __________________.

自从他来这里以来，他就在这家工厂工作。

He_______________ here __________________________________ .

3. He has lived in the small town for 20 years.(对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________ .

4. Wu Dong _____(be) a soldier for one year.

5. The students ______(study) in the middle school since last month.

6. How long ______ you ______(know) him?

7. Mike ______ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.

8. These children _____ (stay) in the park for two hours.

9. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)

I ______ ________ been to Macau before.

10 .He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问)

______ ______ _______ ________ learned English ?

11. I bought a new bike just now.(用just改写)

I ________ just __________ a new bike.

do---_____---_____ go---_____---_____ come---_____---_____

have---_____---_____ see---_____---_____ be---_____---_____

read---_____---_____ eat---_____---_____ find---_____---_____ get---_____---_____ win---_____---_____ speak---_____---_____

teach---taught---taught sing---sang---sung drink---drank---drunk

swim---swam---swum begin---began---begun run---ran---run

现在完成时用法(4)

have gone to, have been to, have been in

have gone to 指去某地还没回来。

have been to 指到过某地且已经回来，可以和once, twice, three times, often, never, ever连用，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。

have been in 指一直待在某地，常与for, since 时间状语连用

例如：

1.—Where is Jim？

—He has gone to England.

2. My father has been to Beijing twice.

3. I have been in Shanghai for three years.

用have been to, have gone to，have been in的各种形式填空。

1. —Where are the boys?

—They __________________ the teachers’ office.

2. My father __________________ Japan twice.

3. Tom __________________ China since 1998.

4. She_____ never__________ London before.

5. How long _____you__________ London?

6. —Where __________________ you , Lily?

—I_____________ the bookshop and bought many books.

7.—Jack, I haven’t seen your brother for a long time.

—He ______________ Shanghai on business for two months.

二、翻译下列句子：

1. 格林先生在北京已经有10年了。

___________________________________________________________________ 2. 你曾经去过美国吗？去过，我去过三次。

___________________________________________________________________ 3. 玛丽哪去了？她去超市了。

___________________________________________________________________

一、选择题。

1. We have been friends since ______.

A. children

B. five years

C. five years ago

D. five years before

2. You ______ that question three times.

A. already asked

B. have already asked

C. already have asked

D. asked already

3. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.

A. since last week

B. a week ago

C. for a week

D. since a week ago

4. I _____ at this school for two years.

A. am studying

B. study

C. studied

D. have studied

5. They _________ in the city since last summer.

A. live

B. didn’t live

C. have lived

D. live

6. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.

A. since

B. from

C. after

D. in

二、用动词的适当形式填空。

1. ______ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?

2. They _____already_____(do) their homework.

3. ---____ you _____ (see) the film last night?

---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times.

4. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.

5. My father ___________ ( buy) a book for me yesterday.

6. She____________ (never read) this book before.

7. ____ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before?

8. --- ____ Wei Hua _____ (come) yet?

---Yes. She_______ (come) already. She ______ (come) just now.

9. ---How long _____you __________(learn) English?

---For more than two years.

10. They _______________ (live) in China since they _____ (move) to China.

现在完成时(5)

延续性动词和终止性动词

延续性动词

表示能够延续的动作。如：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与for+段时间，since+过去时间点/…ago/过去时的句子连用。

He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days.

I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?

终止性动词

也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即

结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, arrive等。终止性动词在现在完成时中的用法：

1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

The plane has arrived飞机到了。

I have finished my homework．我已完成了作业。

2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时, 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

①他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years．

②他来这儿三个月了。误：he has come here for three months．

①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years ／months连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采用下列

方法：

A．用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如：

①He has been dead for three years．

②He has been here for three months．

B. 把时间状语改为表示过去的时间状语，把现在完成时改为一般过去时。如：

①He died three years ago．

②He came here three months ago．

两者的转换:

leave --- be away( from), borrow --- keep, buy --- have,

begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over,

get up---be up, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), go (get) out →be out，put on→ wear

catch a cold →have a cold, join --- be in+…/ be a member of+…,

根据提示完成句子

1. 他的爷爷去世三年了。

His grandfather__________ 3 years ago.

His grandfather has_____ ______ _____ 3 years.

2. 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？

How long have you_______the bike?

3. 我买这本故事书三年了。

I have _______this story book________three years.

4.他参军十年了

He _______the Army（军队）ten years ago.

He has ______ _______the Army for 10 years.

5. The film began two minutes ago. （同义句）

The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

6. I bought a pen two hours ago. （同义句）

I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.

7. He left Fuzhou just now. （同义句）

He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.

8. He came back two years ago.

He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.

9. He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.

He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.

现在完成时用法(7)

一、单项选择

1. Mary_______ to see the film tomorrow because she_______ it twice.

A. won’t go, saw

B. won’t go, will see

C. won’t go, has seen

D. didn’t go, sees

2.---- Would you like some more food?

----Thank you. I _______ enough（足够）.

A. will have

B. have had

C. have

D. had

3. ---- _______ you _______ England?

----Yes, it_______ a beautiful country.

A. Will, gone to, was

B. Have, been to, is

C. Had, been to, is

D. Have, gone to, is

4. ----_______ you_______ to Beijing?

----No, I _______. I _______ there early next month.

A. Have, been, haven’t, am going

B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going

C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going

D. Did, go, didn’t, was going

5. ---You sister_______ to London to study English. Is that true?

---Yes , she_______ there for two months.

A. has been, has been

B. will go, has gone

C. gone, will be

D. has gone, has been

6. He has a computer of his own. He_______ it two days ago

A. bought

B. is bring

C. will bring

D. has bought

7. —Where is Li Lei? —He _______ Shanghai.

A. has gone to

B. has been to

C. went to

D. goes to

8. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.

A. came to

B. has been to

C. has been in

D. has come to

9. --- Is your father a Party member?

--- Yes, he_______ the Party(党) three years ago. He _______ a Party member for three years.

A. joined; has been

B. has joined; has been

C. was joined; is

D. joined; was

10. It _______ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

二、根据要求完成句子。

1. He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问)

_____ _____ _____ he_______ here?

2. They have already finished the work.（否定句）

They ______ ______ the work ______.

3. My father got there two days ago.（同义句）

My father ______ ______ ______ for two days.

4. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句）

Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.

5.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问)

_____ _____ ____ ______ they ______ the classroom this week?

6. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句）

My father _____ ______ _____ England _____.

7. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句）

John_______ ______ ______ _____ Beijing_____ three years.

8. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句）

My father ______ ______ the car _______ half a year.

9. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句）

The film _________ ________ _________ for ten minutes.

10. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句）

I _________ ________ this book for two weeks.

Notes: 某事发生已经有多长时间了

A．用“It is ／has been ＋一段时间＋since（一般过去时）”结构。如：

①It is ／has been three years since he died．

②It is ／has been three months since he came here．

B．用“多长时间＋has passed ＋since（一般过去时）”结构。如：

①Three years has passed since he died．

②Three months has passed since he came here．

现在完成时用法(8)：现在完成时的时间状语

①already never ever just yet before

②since for

③in the past/last few weeks/years/months/days

④up to now/till now（直到现在） so far （到目前为止；迄今为止）

⑤lately recently (近来，最近)

现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, today, this morning/week/month/year等:

1. Peter has written six papers so far.

2. Mary has now learned to operate the machine.

3. There has been too much rain in Beijing this year.

4. Up to now everything has been successful.

5. Shijiazhuang has changed a lot in the past/last 3 years.

6. I haven't seen him recently.

7. I've only recently started learning French.

一、单项选择

1. Jim Green ____ in China for two years.

A. has come

B. has been

C. has arrived

D. came

2. The film ____ for half an hour.

A. has been on

B. has begun

C. hasn’t begun

D. began

3.—Where have you _______ these days？

—I have _______to Beijing with my friends．

A. been；gone

B. been；been

C. gone；been

D. gone；gone

4. How long have you _______ this book？

A. bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent

5．—I have watched the game．

—When _____you _______ it？

A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch 6．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．

A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone

7.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan．

A．after B．before C．since D．for

8．His grandpa _______ for two years．

A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died 9．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？

—Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．

A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in 10. His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She'll return next year．

A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from 11. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ. has written 12.—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

二、翻译下面的句子。

1. 我刚刚丢了我的英语书。

_______________________________________________________________ 2. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。

_______________________________________________________________ 3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？

_______________________________________________________________ 4. 他学英语已经多长时间了？

_______________________________________________________________ 5. 他离开中国二十年了。

_______________________________________________________________ 6. 自从1992年以来，他就住这儿了。

_______________________________________________________________

现在完成时用法(9)：使用现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time that…，that 从句要用现在完成时，表示某人第几次做某事。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

这是我第一次参观这个城市。

It is the third time that the boy has been late this week.

这是他本周第三次迟到。

2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时，表示某人做过的最……的事情。

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

Harry Potter is the most interesting book I've ever reard.

一、用动词的适当形式填空。

1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.

2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.

3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.

6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.

7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.

8. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.

9. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.

10. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.

二、选择填空。

1. How long have you _______ here?

A. come

B. got

C. arrived

D. been

2. ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come

B. even, have come

C. ever, come

D. ever, have come

3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.

A. been

B. gone

C. went

D. never been

4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.

A. after

B. since

C. for

D. that

5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?

--I will. I _____ her several times.

A. met

B. have met

C. had met

D. will meet

6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?

--Just 2 weeks.

A. will, buy

B. did, buy

C. are, having

D. have, had

7.--Do you know Lydia very well?

--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.

A. have made

B. have become

C. have been

D. have turned

8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.

A. has lived

B. lived

C. have been

D. live

9. ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

10. --____ you ever ____ to the US?

-- Yes, twice.

A. Have, gone

B. Have, been

C. Do, go

D. were, going

三、翻译句子。

1. 这是我第一次吃西餐。

_______________________________________________________________ 2. 她是我所遇到的最好的老师。

_______________________________________________________________