翻译基础作业
“翻译基础”课小组作业
总体要求：
第一，以小组为单位（5人左右），注重分工与合作（例如，有的负责查找资料，有的负责校对、有的负责修改、有的负责最后统稿），不能只有分工，而没有合作。请在每次作业最前面写上小组成员姓名。
第二，英语使用Times New Roman字体，汉语用宋体。文章标题用四号字，正文以及正文中的小标题用小四号字。文章标题居中，正文段首缩进两个汉字，英语则缩进四格。请注意左右两端对齐。
第三，每次译文后都要用汉语单独写一份简短的翻译体会，内容包括：翻译过程中遇到哪些具体问题，哪些问题解决了，怎么解决的，哪些问题没解决，为什么。
第一次小组作业（3月23日之前交）
请将下列介绍霾对健康影响的文章翻译成汉语。翻译时，不能依赖词典和在线翻译，对于不知道用哪些词语表达的，除参照第二次作业原文外，建议通过https://www.360docs.net/doc/274944602.html,键入关键词搜索有关汉语信息，键入的关键词越具体越好。
Impact of Haze on Health
1.What are the key air pollutants of concern during the haze period?
The key air pollutant of concern during the haze period is particulate matter (PM). Short term exposure (i.e. continuous exposure to unhealthy daily average PSI levels over a period of a few days) to these air pollutants can cause respiratory symptoms and aggravate existing heart or lung disease. Exposure to particulate matter may also cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat in healthy individuals.
2. What is the short term effect of the haze on my health?
Haze particles can affect the heart and lungs, especially in people who already have chronic heart or lung disease e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or heart failure. There may be up to 1-3 days of time between exposure to haze and health effects/symptoms. Among healthy individuals, short term exposure (i.e. continuous exposure to unhealthy daily average PSI levels over a period of a few days) to high levels of haze particles may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat in healthy individuals. Such irritation resolves on its own in most cases.
3. What are the long term effects of the haze?
Studies have shown that persons with continuous exposure over several years to high ambient pollution from fine particles (i.e. particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers) may have a higher risk of (i) cardiovascular effects, such as heart attacks, (ii) reduced lung development, as well as (iii) the development of chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, in children.
4. Which groups of people are more sensitive to haze?
In general, children, elderly, and people with chronic lung disease, heart disease are more sensitive to the health effects of haze, and should adopt the preventive measures when air quality is poor. Individuals are advised to consult their doctor should they develop breathing difficulties. In addition, it is advised that pregnant women reduce exposure to haze for the health of their unborn baby.
5. What are the advices to the public?
Drink plenty of water to stay well hydrated. Individuals with existing chronic heart and lung conditions should ensure that your medications are on hand and readily available. Nonetheless, please note that each individual’s reaction to pollutants may vary, and the amount of physical activity or exertion that can be performed differs according to an individual’s health status or physical capacity. Should you encounter symptoms or discomfort, please take additional measures to prevent further exposure. Although the general advice to the public when the air quality is good or moderate
(PSI≤100) is to maintain normal activities, vulnerable persons, especially those with chronic heart and lung conditions, who develop symptoms or feel unwell should seek medical attention promptly.
6. What are some practical tips for households to reduce exposure to haze particles at home?
During haze episodes, the air pollutant of concern is mainly haze particles. Some practical tips to reduce indoor exposure to haze particles at home include: When the outdoor air quality appears to be worsening, close doors and windows. This will help to reduce the rate of haze particles entering the home.
Stay indoors and reduce physical activities.
Re-open the windows and doors in the home when the outdoor air quality improves.
Wet-cleaning methods (e.g. mopping or wiping) generally do not produce dust (unlike dry-dusting or vacuuming) and can be performed to remove settled dust.
Fans or air-conditioners may be used for air circulation and cooling. If the air-conditioner draws in unfiltered air from outside (e.g. window units), close the outdoor air intake opening.
Portable air purifiers can be used to further reduce the indoor particle level.
Advisory:
Minimize activities that can produce indoor air pollutants in enclosed spaces, e.g. smoking.
第二次作业（4月13日之前交）
请将下列有关雾霾天注意事项的汉语文章翻译成英语。翻译时，不能依赖词典和在线翻译，对于不知道用哪些词语表达的，除了参照第一次作业原文外，建议通过https://www.360docs.net/doc/274944602.html,“英文”键入“haze health effect”搜索有关英语内容，从有关文章中获取信息，针对每段的翻译，根据遇到的问题，输入搜索的关键词越具体越好。
揭秘雾霾天应该注意什么
户外注意事项
1 第一点，雾霾天理所当然要减少出行。雾霾天不管是对于交通状况或者是我们的身体健康都有很大的危害，所以行车一定要注意安全，不要打远光灯，尽量减少出行。
第二点，如果必须出行，应当戴口罩。戴口罩外出不失为好的决定，但是我们在大街上看到的大都对PM2.5没什么防御，但对其他有害粒子可以阻挡一些。N95口罩能够有效阻挡PM2.5。对于口罩应当及时清洗。回家后对于裸露的皮肤应当赶紧清理。
第三点，锻炼的选择。对于很多人，尤其是老年人都热衷于晨练，风雨无阻，但是雾霾天切忌晨练。雾霾中的有害物质进入体内不仅起不到锻炼的作用，更会大大的危害老年人的健康。在上午10点到下午3点这段时间进行锻炼，此时空气中的有害物质浓度相对较低。包括骑自行车上班的朋友，雾霾天气也不要起了。
第四点，部分病人应该重视雾霾。雾霾天是心血管疾病患者的“危险天”，因为起雾时气压低，人们容易感到胸闷。而且，冬季潮湿寒冷的雾气还会造成冷刺激，容易导致高血压及心脏病患者血管痉挛心脏负荷加重等。因此，大雾天气里，高血压、冠心病患者不宜外出和剧烈运动。
室内注意事项
第一点，开窗通气。当然开窗的前提是在非雾霾的天气里，雾霾天不要开窗，还应当拉好窗帘尽量避免有害气体的进入，其实这样也是挡不住的，所以我们应当在天气转好的时候开窗通气。
第二点，进门要“净身”。外出进门之后，应当及时清理身上裸露的皮肤、衣物和口鼻，以免将有害物质带入室内，造成再次吸入。最重要的是清理鼻腔，清理鼻腔时，一定要轻轻吸水，避免呛咳。家长在给儿童清理鼻腔时，可以用干净棉签蘸水，反复清洗。
第三点，借助空气净化器。室内是我们生活的环境，尤其晚上，我们要保证舒适健康的休息。正如我上面说的，雾霾中的一些有害物质窗户是防不住的，所
以我们可以置办一台空气净化器，清洁室内空气中的有害物质，效果不错。
雾霾天的饮食
第四点，雾霾天饮食的注意，首当其冲就是多喝水，帮助身体排除有害物质。另外多吃新鲜的蔬菜水果，少吃辛辣刺激性食物。
第三次作业（4月27日之前交）
请将下列有关美容整形的英语文章翻译成汉语。翻译时，不能依赖词典和在线翻译，对于不知道用哪些词语表达的，除了参照第四次作业原文外，建议通过https://www.360docs.net/doc/274944602.html,搜索有关汉语信息。最好是针对每段的翻译，根据遇到的问题，输入搜索的关键词越具体越好。特别提示：一定要注意有关词语的表达规范。
What Are the Pros & Cons of Cosmetic Surgery?
Millions of people, both male and female, undergo cosmetic surgery, also called plastic surgery, every year. Modern plastic surgeons can alter almost any aspect of physical appearance, from facial features to body shape. While some cosmetic surgery is done for medical reasons, such as reconstructing facial features after an accident, many other procedures are voluntary. Weighting the pros and cons before having cosmetic surgery can help individuals make a decision whether it is the right choice for them.
Confidence Levels
For some, having cosmetic surgery can be vital to confidence levels and self-image. If you have a physical feature that you’ve spent years wishing were different or that has a recognizable impact on your daily life or health, this is usually an indication that it is something you truly desire to change, as opposed to a sudden dislike for something about yourself that recently became an issue. However, obsession over a specific facial or body feature can indicate mental health issues, and therapy might be a better option than surgery.
Health
One of the big benefits of plastic surgery comes to those who have health issues related to the appearance issues that bother them. Some women with very large breasts experience excruciating back pain that a breast reduction can eliminate or reduce significantly. A nose job can potentially reduce sinus infections, and the removal of breast tissue in men can lower the risk of cancer in that tissue. These are just a few of the health problems that can be alleviated through cosmetic surgery.
Complications
Cosmetic surgery is still surgery and shouldn’t be taken lightly. The potential for complications exists, just as for any other operation. Pain is a significant drawback to plastic surgery, and recovery times can be as long as six months in some cases. Some patients may be at risk for severe reactions to anesthesia or may develop health problems such as hemorrhaging as a result of their surgery.
Expectations
Sometimes cosmetic surgery doesn’t produce the results the patient desires. This is often a problem with expectations, not with the skill of the surgeon. Expecting unrealistic results, such as that surgery will make you look like a movie star or automatically solve all of your dating problems, can be a significant drawback to having cosmetic procedures. People who consult with a doctor before their procedure and develop a realistic idea of what the end result will look like often have better experiences.
Cost
Cosmetic surgery can be expensive and is usually not covered by medical insurance. There may also be a financial loss due to time taken off work for recovery. However, in some cases, if there is a medical condition related to the surgery, there may be some form of insurance compensation available. This sometimes occurs when cosmetic surgery is used to repair birth defects, reconstructive surgery after an
accident or in cases such as severe recurrent sinus infections that can be fixed via rhinoplasty, which is plastic surgery of the nose.
第四次作业（5月11日之前交）
请将下列介绍我国美容整形市场的汉语文章翻译成英语。翻译时，不能依赖词典和在线翻译，对于不知道用哪些词语表达的，除了参照第三次作业原文外，建议通过https://www.360docs.net/doc/274944602.html,“英文”搜索有关英语信息。最好是针对每段的翻译，根据遇到的问题，输入搜索的关键词越具体越好。特别提示：一定要注意有关词语的表达规范。
中国整形美容手术市场规模将排世界第三
据预测，到2019年中国整形美容产业将会成为世界第三大整形美容手术市场。
中国整形消费者的职业构成特点
在我国，明星艺人、有闲有钱的家庭妇女、公司白领、私企老板、教师、公务员等是整形美容手术的主要消费者。而有着良好家庭经济背景的大学生也是其中一个不可忽视的群体，近年来甚至还经常出现大学生“组团整形”的现象。这类人群注重身份、个人形象及生活品位。此外，因先天缺陷或后天意外要求整形修复的情况也不在少数。
推动中国整形美容手术市场需求的主要因素
这不只是我国国民经济飞速增长的因素，同时也是因为强大的社交媒体平台，比如：手机微信、微博等带来的压力，不断加大的促使人们比以往更加追求人体美。与此同时，有很多的美容和整形手术都通过应用软件鼓励爱美者用挑剔的眼光看待自己的形象。除此之外，韩国流行文化和整个生活方式文化也感染到中国年轻一代的面貌。
中国消费者整形需求原因分析
第一，爱美天性使然。许多女性希望自己受到人们的瞩目，她们整形是为了让自己变得更美。
第二，为了保障婚姻的稳定，部分女性接受丰胸、嫩肤、去皱、吸脂等整形手术。
第三，为求职而整形。一些消费者希望利用美丽的外形和容貌增强自己的竞争力，拥有更多的就业和成功机会。
第四，寻找自尊和自信。希望受到别人的尊重和维护自己的尊重心，减肥、面部整容、脱毛、除皱可以修复被伤害的自尊。
第五，追求时尚。许多女人希望通过对潮流的追逐体现自己的个性和品位，风行一时的韩国整容可以满足消费者追求时尚的心理。
第六，环境影响。类似于双眼皮这样的小手术，如果在一个小圈子中产生了一定的效果，效尤者肯定很多。
第五次作业（5月25日之前交）
请将下列介绍家用机器人的英语文章翻译成汉语。翻译时，不能依赖词典和在线翻译，对于不知道用哪些词语表达的，除了参照第六次作业原文外，建议通过https://www.360docs.net/doc/274944602.html,搜索有关汉语信息。最好是针对每段的翻译，根据遇到的问题，输入搜索的关键词越具体越好。特别提示：一定要注意有关词语的表达规范。
Domestic Robots
A domestic robot, or service robot, is an autonomous robot that is used for household chores. Thus far, there are only a few limited models, though speculators, such as Bill Gates, have suggested that they could become more common in the future. Many domestic robots are used for basic household chores. Others are educational or entertainment robots. While most domestic robots are simplistic, some are connected to WiFi home networks or smart environments and are autonomous to a high degree. There were an estimated 3,540,000 service robots in use in 2006 [clarification needed], compared with an estimated 950,000 industrial robots.
Indoor robots
This type of domestic robot does chores around and inside homes. Different kinds include:
Robotic vacuum cleaners and floor-washing robots that clean floors with sweeping and wet mopping functions. Some use Swiffer or other disposable cleaning cloths to dry-sweep, or reusable microfiber cloths to wet-mop.
Dressman is a robot to iron shirts using hot air.
Kitchen robots, such as Somabar, are some of the most funded robots on Kickstarter.
Cat litter robots are automatic self-cleaning litter boxes that filter clumps out into a built-in waste receptacle that can be lined with an ordinary plastic bag.
Security robots which have a night-vision-capable wide-angle camera that detects movements and intruders. It can patrol places and shoot video of suspicious activities, too, and send alerts via email or text message; the stored history of past alerts and videos are accessible via the Web. The robot can also be configured to go into action at any time of the day.
Outdoor robots
Outdoor robots are domestic robots that perform different chores that exist outside of the house.
Robotic lawn mowers are one type of outdoor robot that cut grass on their own without the need for a driver. Some models can mow complicated and uneven lawns that are up to three-quarters of an acre in size. Others can mow a lawn as large as 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2), can handle a hill inclined up to 27 degrees.
There are also automated pool cleaners that clean and maintain swimming pools autonomously by scrubbing in-ground pools from the floor to the waterline in 3 hours, cleaning and circulating more than 70 US gallons (260 l) of water per minute, and
A window-washing robot commonly uses two magnetic modules to navigate windows as it sprays cleaning solution onto microfiber pads to wash them. It covers
about 1,601 square feet (148.7 m2) per charge. Gutter-cleaning robots can blast through debris, clogs, and sludge in gutters, and brush them clean.
Toy robots
Robotic toys, such as the well known Furby, have been popular since 1998. There are also small humanoid remote controlled robots. Electronic pets, such as robotic dogs, can be companions for children. They have also have been used by many universities in competitions such as the Robo Cup.
There are also phone-powered robots for fun and games, such as Romo which is a small robot that employs smartphones as its brain. By using another mobile device and a cross-platform app, the user can drive it, make it produce animated facial expressions, direct it to dance, or turn it into a spybot.
Social robots
A social robot is a robot whose main objective is social interaction. Many of these robots are designed to help the elderly. For example, the Wakamaru is a humanoid robot designed to provide company for elderly and less mobile people, made by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. There is also the Paro, a robot babyseal intended to provide comfort to nursing home patients.
Home-telepresence robots can move around in a remote location and let one communicate with people there via its camera, speaker, and microphone. Through other remote-controlled telepresence robots, the user can visit a distant location and explore it as if they were physically present. These robots can, among other applications, permit health-care workers to monitor patients or allow children who are homebound because of injuries, illnesses, or other physical challenges to attend school remotely. JIBO and ConnectR are family robots that includes telepresence.
Network robots link ubiquitous networks with robots, contributing to the creation of new lifestyles and solutions to address a variety of social problems including the aging of population and nursing care.
第六次作业（6月8日之前交）
请将下列分析我国机器人产业发展现状及前景的汉语文章翻译成英语。翻译时，不能依赖词典和在线翻译，对于不知道用哪些词语表达的，除了参照第五次作业原文外，建议通过https://www.360docs.net/doc/274944602.html,“英文”搜索有关英语信息。最好是针对每段的翻译，根据遇到的问题，输入搜索的关键词越具体越好。特别提示：一定要注意有关词语的表达规范。
中国机器人产业现状及前景分析
一、产业机遇
人口红利消失、政策支持以及产业结构升级转型是促使机器人行业长期发展的三大驱动力。
从销量看,目前中国以27%的市场份额成为全球最大的工业机器人市场。IFR 数据显示, 2015年全球范围内工业机器人销售量达到253,748台,全年较2014年增长10.68%;中国工业机器人销量为68556台,同比增长20.07%。
2016年12月29日工信部、发改委等联合印发《关于促进机器人产业健康发展的通知》,针对产业低水平重复建设、轻关键零部件制造问题,提出推动机器人产业理性发展,加强零部件等关键短板突破,大力培育龙头企业等。同日工信部还发布了《工业机器人行业规范条件》,提出工业机器人本体生产企业年营收不低于5000万元或年产量不低于2000台套,集成应用企业年收入总额不低于1亿元。到2020年关键零部件自给率达50%以上。
中国机器人使用密度在2014年仅达到了36台/万人,低于全球平均66台/万人的使用密度，工业机器人密度仍低于世界平均水平,具备增长空间。
2015年我国机器人的新增量为6.6万台,其中国产自主品牌工业机器人销量为2.2万台,市场占比仅为33%，国产替代过程具备想象空间。
二、产业概况
机器人分为上游核心零部件:包括减速器、伺服系统、控制器;中游本体生产商;下游系统集成商。从市场规模来看,2015年减速器、伺服系统、控制器国内
市场规模分别为11.5亿元、10.6亿元、3.5亿。
减速器、伺服系统主要依靠进口,控制器一般由本体企业自产。全球高精度机器人减速器市场日本纳博特斯克和哈默纳科两家产品的市场占有率达75%,国内公司在机器人精密减速器国产化方面已取得一定的突破,但主要依靠进口;伺服电机从市占率来看,国产品牌约占20%左右的市场份额。当前我国中低端伺服系统已经能够实现大规模量产,但高端伺服系统尚未形成商品化和批量生产能力;控制器成熟机器人厂商一般自行开发控制器,市场份额基本跟机器人本体一致。机器人及自动化装备应用领域广泛,基于需求增长和竞争态势分析,现阶段行业出现明显分化,据3C、锂电池自动化设备景气度高。
我国3C制造企业通过提升自动化率降低成本意愿明显,使得3C行业自动化设备需求快速增长。同时,3C产品和技术更新换代快速,带来更多的3C自动化设备更新换代需求。
在新能源汽车等下游需求旺盛的背景下,锂电池企业固定资产投资快速增长。高工锂电预计2016年锂电设备市场规模在130亿以上,同比增长66.7%;到2020年锂电设备市场规模356亿元,国产设备产值将达到285亿元。锂电池自动化设备企业受益下游需求旺盛拉动,业绩有望继续快速增长。
专业级无人机、新能源汽车、物流机器人等细分领域需求旺盛、发展空间也较大。
基础英语(综合教程)2课后句子翻译
Unit1： 1.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。（illusion）Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves. 2.在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存了下来。（devastate）That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived. 3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。（fill with）The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake. 4.那场大地震中，我们听到过太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了 自己的生命。（leave behind） In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives. 5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资金短缺时建时停，1578年才建成。（off and on）The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money. 6.1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。（meet up with） In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree. 7.这是我第一次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。（find one’s way to） It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm. 8.在电影界要达到顶峰时非常困难的，但是作为一名导演谢晋做到了。（make it） It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director Xie Jin did it. U2： 1.如今许多爱慕虚荣的年轻人，尽管还不富裕，但却迷上了漂亮的小汽车。（vain, be obsessed with） Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not rich enough to afford them. 2.当他的婚外恋被妻子发现后，他们的婚姻终于破裂了。（affair, fall apart） Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife. 3.那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感，在农村住了三年，放弃了生活上的许多享受。 （inspiration, deny oneself something） For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself
英语翻译的基本常识解析
翻译的基本知识 一、翻译的定义 奈达： Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. —— Eugene A. Nida 二、翻译的标准 奈达： The receptors of a translation should comprehend the translated text to such an extent that they can understand how the original receptor must have understood the original text. ——Eugene A. Nida Eugene A. Nida (November 11, 1914 – August 25, 2011) was the developer of the dynamic-equivalence Bible-translation theory. 四、翻译的方法 1 . 直译（Literal translation） 例子： C.O.D. (cash on delivery) 货到付现 blue chip 蓝筹股 一箭双雕hit two hawks with one arrow
意译（Free translation） 例子：WPA 水渍blue chip 绩优股一箭双雕kill two birds with one stone 一、广告的定义Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media. —— American Marketing Association 二、广告的分类 1.理性广告（Rational ads）情感广告（Emotional ads） 三、广告的组成部分 1.Headline Subhead Text (body) Logo slogan I’m lovin’ it! （麦当劳）我就喜欢！ Good to the last drop. （Maxwell coffee） 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。 Just do it. （耐克运动鞋）只管去做。 We lead, others copy. （Ricoh 复印机）我们领先，别人模仿。Minolta, finest to put you finest. （美能达相机） 第一流的美能达，第一流的你。 I’m More satisfied. （摩尔香烟）摩尔香烟，令我更爱。Have a Break. Have a Kit-Kat. （奇巧巧克力）
汉英翻译教程1
《汉英翻译教程》－作者不详，在此致谢！ 第一章 词的选择 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单，翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。例如： 还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的，如译为make an effort，则会使人误解为我们文化水平低，读历史和小说很费力。 再比如“水平”一词译成英语，不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。 1．他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 这里，汉语“水平”一词虽未译出，但其以已含在句子中。若照汉语字面应译成：The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。 2．要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。 We must work hard to r aise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 这里“水平”指高度，故译作height，和动词搭配也比较顺。 3．各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定，在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词，才能译得准确。因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。 （一）注意词的广义与狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别，运用范围也就各不相同。例如 1．农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义，指一切农业经济（农、牧、林、渔），古译作agriculture。但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中，农与林木副渔并立，是指耕作的农业，不是指整个农业经济，古译作farming。整个词组应译为the principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 2．他从不喝酒。 He never touches wine. 原文“酒”是指一切酒类，故译作wine。但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中，“酒”是狭义，是和淡性酒相对而言的，又需译作spirits。 （二）注意词义的强弱 3．反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 这里的“愤怒”含义强烈，故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger. 4．孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Y et-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。 （三）注意词义的褒贬
英语翻译基础期末复习完整
《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B
基础英语2部分课后翻译
Unit1: 1)我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。 It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens. 2)随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际事务。而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。 As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations. 3)我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 4)信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。 Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library 5)那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。 That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres. 6)这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。 These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 7)国内生产总值不是一切的。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话，我们国家就并不能说已经现代化了。 The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people’s lives is really improved. 8)虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难，但作为孩子我们仍然很幸福，因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹、黄 鳝；田野里有花，有树，有鸟。 Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds, and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields. 9)只要给某一个人或某一群人以绝对权力，那这个人或这一群人就肯定会滥用权力，因为正如阿克顿勋爵所说，“权力使人腐败， 绝对权力绝对使人腐败。” Give absolute power to some individual or any particular group of people, and that person or group are sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” 10)在我们国家，传统上都认为，“万般皆下品，惟有读书高”。 Traditionally in our country school education was always said to be more important and useful compared with all other pursuits. Unit2: 11)我跟你说，从各方面考虑，当教师不失为一个好主意。事实上，我认为这个主意好极了。
汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.
英语专业基础英语1 1到10单元翻译
Unit 1 1.他为这次面试中可能面对的问题准备好了答案 He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2.他那悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎要哭出来。 His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩沿着河边手挽着手散步，有说有笑，非常愉快。 The two of them are walking hand in hand, along the river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking happy. 4.他听到这令人激动的消息后，眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。 When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，是因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。 People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for shanghai dialect and suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在研究能否在三年内买一幢新房子。 Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.对女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终同意让步了。 He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.我们把所有的贵重物品都锁好了，然后才出去度假。 We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样相互关心，互相帮助。Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will retain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as did in the past. 10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。 At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which make it possible to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.对不起，我迟到了，我刚才在开会脱不开身。 I’m sorry I am late; I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away. 2.在音乐会上，每当一位歌手唱完一首美妙动听的歌曲时，观众便高声喝彩表示赞赏。 At the concert whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3.她是个穿着时髦的人，总是穿时髦的衣服，但对饮食很少讲究。 As s stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks 4.护士告诉我医生奇迹般的治好了你的心脏病。 The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease. 5.主席颁奖时赞美获奖者为人类做出了巨大贡献。 When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind. 6.这个问题许多年使专家们迷惑不解。 This problem has bothered the experts for many years. 7.警察到达后，示威的人群逐渐散开了。
英语翻译基础考试大纲
全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试 《英语翻译基础》（357）考试大纲(2016版) 一、考试目的 《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目，其目的是考察考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MTI学习阶段的水平。 二、考试性质及范围 本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的参照性水平考试。考试的范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。考试为3小时。 三、考试基本要求 1. 具备一定中外文化，以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。 2. 具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功。 3. 具备较强的英汉/ 汉英转换能力。 四、考试形式 本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，强调考生的英汉/ 汉英转换能力。试题分类参见“考试内容一览表”。 五、考试内容 本考试包括二个部分：词语翻译和英汉互译。总分150分。 I. 词语翻译 1. 考试要求 要求考生准确翻译所给的中英文术语或专有名词（不需要解释）。 2. 题型 要求考生较为准确地写出所给30个汉/ 英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。汉/ 英文各15个，每个1分，总分30分。
II. 英汉互译 1. 考试要求 要求应试者具备英汉互译的基本技巧和能力；初步了解中国和英语国家的社会、文化等背景知识；初步掌握科普类文本的翻译技巧；要求译文忠实原文，无明显误译、漏译；译文通顺，用词正确、表达基本无误；译文无明显语法错误；英译汉速度每小时250-350个英语单词，汉译英速度每小时300-400个汉字。 2. 题型 要求考生较为准确地翻译出所给的文章，英译汉为250-350个单词，汉译英为300-400个汉字，各占60分，总分120分。 《英语翻译基础》考试内容一览表
基础英语中英文翻译
两份报纸two copies of newspaper 一块肥皂a bar of soap 一件家具a piece of furniture 一把剪刀a pair of scissors 丢弃throw away 陷入困境get into trouble 工业产品industrial goods 农产品agriculture goods 一辈子一次性的收获a one-in-a-lifetime acquisition 没有出路的工作a dead-end job 付一大笔钱pay good money 过时be out of fashion 流行be in the fashion 批量生产mass-production 降低成本lower the cost 在起作用be at work 物美价廉的产品better quality products at good values 所得税income tax 投放市场put on the market 小批量in limited quantities 大量地in large quantities 要求ask for 下降go down
从商go into business 努力做某事strive to do sth. 医疗设备medical device 劣质产品inferior products 一条面包a loaf of bread 温和宽容的easy- going 人造丝artificial silk 假牙artificial teeth 对…有害be harmful to 警惕be on guard 认为某事当然take sth for granted 由…组成be composed of 一个中年妇女 a middle-aged women 一些性格开朗的女孩an open-minded girl 一个意志软弱的人 a weak-minded man 一个意志坚强的人 a strong-minded soldier 遭受suffer from 由于压力as a result of stress 警告信号warning signals 交通阻塞traffic jam 指出point out 逃离run away from 自杀commit suicide
汉英翻译基础教程 第1章 练习参考答案
第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词 一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?
基础英语期末翻译题
1. He is so devoted to his research that it never occurs to him that he will soon have to retire. 2. Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we all have a tendency to abuse our power. 3. Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference. 4. The control of sand storms will involve a tremendous amount of work and money. 5. You have to take the local conditions into consideration when you apply these technologies. 6. All applicants will have to fill out these forms and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars. 7. Based on his careful observation of children’s behavior, he came to the conclusion that learning is a natural pleasure. 8. In a country of many nationalities, ethnic harmony requires very careful handling. 9. The government is determined to punish all the corrupt officials involved. 10. Cheating in/on exams does not occur very often. But when it does, the school takes a very tough position. 1. I suspect that the book might not be in print. I checked with the bookstore people, and they told me that I was right. The book had been out of print for years. 2. One memorable story in the novel concerns how Liu Bei tried not to rouse Cao Cao’s suspicion about his ambitions, because if he did his l ife would be at stake. 3. When Cao Cao called him a real hero, Liu Bei was so shocked that he dropped his chopsticks. But he cleverly covered up his suspicious behavior. 4. The first suspect was the victim’s son. The police suspected him of murdering his father because the neighbors had heard them fighting on the night of the killing. 5. In learning, the important thing is not to commit everything to memory, but to use your imagination and think creatively as well as critically. 6. He must have been the funniest burglar imaginable. He broke into a house, ate and drank to his heart’s content, and remained dead drunk until discovered the next morning, with a perfectly content look on his face. 7. I have trouble remembering people’s names. I imagine it mu st result from old age. 8. We often live under many imaginary threats and feel disheartened as a result. 9. I suspected we teachers sometimes underestimate students’ mental capacities. Young people actually have very imaginative minds. 1. Where there’s a will there is a way. 2. As the saying goes, behind every great/successful man there stands a woman. 3. There was a time in this town when the residents didn’t have to lock their
翻译基础知识
翻译基础知识 一、翻译的分类 1.按所涉及的两种代码的性质，可分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）、语符翻译（inersemiotic translation）。 2.按翻译主体的性质，可分为人工翻译、机器翻译（Machine Translation）两类。 3.按翻译的工具和成品形式，可分为口译和笔译。 4.按翻译的客体，亦即所译资料的性质，可分为文学翻译（literal translation）和实用翻译（pragmatic translation）。 二、译家译论 1.支谦：在三国时期，支谦的《法句经序》中提出了“因循本旨，不加文饰”的译经原则。 2.道安：晋、前秦时道安在《革卑婆沙序》中提出，“案本而传，不令有损言游字；时改倒句， 余尽实录。”道安涉及译论的佛经序文较多，最有名的是提出“五失本”、“三不易”之说。其意思是，翻译佛经在五种情况下会失去本来面目，有三件事决定了译事是很不容易的，因此必须慎之又慎。 3.彦琮：北朝末年及隋初，彦琮著《辨证论》，它可以看作是我国第一篇翻译专论，他主张译经 “宁贵朴而近理，不用巧而背源”。可见他是坚持忠实第一并倾向于直译的。 4.玄奘：唐代僧人玄奘的指导原则是：“既须求真，又须喻俗”。“求真”即追求准确，要力求“忠 实原作”，这是一切认真负责的翻译工作者的共同理想。同时必须“喻俗”，亦即使群众理解，这就是说要“通顺”。玄奘在译经中成功地运用了补充法、省略法、变位法、分合法、译名假借法、代词还原法等等翻译技巧。 5.马建忠：清末，马建忠在其《马氏文通》中提出“善译”之说：“必先将所译者与所以译者两国之 文字，深嗜笃好，字栉句比，以考彼此文字孳生之源，同异之故。所有当相之实义，委曲推究，务审其声音之高下，析其字句之繁简，尽其文体之变态，及其义理精深奥折之所由然。” 6.林纾：林纾强调在翻译时译者应该投入自己的主观感情，译者须与原作者或作品中人物的心灵 相交流。 7.鲁迅：鲁迅在《且介亭杂文二集》里说：“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一 则保存着原作得丰姿”。也就是说既要通顺，又要忠实。所谓忠实，是指内容上的“信”；所谓通顺，是指表达上的“顺”。 8.茅盾：文学翻译的目标是“艺术创造性翻译”——用一种语言把原作的艺术意境传达出来，使 读者读译文时能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受。 9.钱钟书：“文学翻译的最高标准是‘化’，把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文 习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入于‘化境’。十七世纪有人赞美这种造诣的翻译，比为原作的‘投胎转世’，躯壳换了一个，而精神姿致依然故我。换句话说，译本对原作应该忠实得以至于读起来不像译本，因为作品在原文里决不会读起来像经过翻译似的。” 10.傅雷：“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。”“两国文字词类的不 同，句法构造的不同，文法与习惯的不同，修辞格律的不同，俗语的不同，即反映民族思想方式的不同，感觉深浅的不同，观点角度的不同，风俗传统信仰的不同，社会背景的不同，表现方法的不同。以甲国文字传达乙国文字所包含的那些特点，必须像伯乐相马，要“得其精而忘其粗，在其内而忘其外”。而即使最优秀的译文，其韵味较之原文仍不免过或不及。翻译时只能尽量缩短这个距离，过则求其勿太过，不及则求其勿过于不及。”