考研英语-虚拟语气在考研英语中的运用

考研英语-虚拟语气在考研英语中的运用

考研英语:虚拟语气在考研英语中的运用

考研英语:虚拟语气在考研英语中的运用,更多考研大纲、考研政治大纲、考研英语大纲、考研专业课大纲等,请关注

经济类联考数学全程规划班

掌握经济类联考数学的复习方法,制定全复习规划

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李擂

《考研经综数学导学讲义》

高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气: *直陈语气(indicative mood)---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. *祈使语气(imperative mood)---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. *虚拟语气(subjunctive mood) If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实,或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night. 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) 2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park. 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconvenience. 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词 (如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work. 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.。

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子,要分析其结构,这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点,汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言,汉字很难写,而且有四种声调。其实,许多接触过多种外语的人都认为,英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单,是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过,语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此,学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 (一)英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异: 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定,比如“书”这个字,“一本书”、“三本书”都一样,没有词形变化。英语就不同了,book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说,学好英语就是学好动词,此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在,表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式,这就是时态。 (二)英语动词的形式: 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此,了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式: (1)动词原形:动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时,情态动词之后, 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式(简称现单三):主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式:主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词:主要用于进行时态,或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词:主要用于完成时态,或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数(现单三)的构成,见下表:

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如:weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态:一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中,动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中,所以叫现在进行时; 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中,动词由原形do 变成have done的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态,所以叫现在完成时; 在“They always do their exercises.”中,动词用原形do 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此,所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中,动词do 虽然用了不同的形态,其意义没有变化,而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 (三)时态详解 16个时态中,常用的有12个:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如: If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首,变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如: If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如: What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)

考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二)

凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路! 考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二) 六、个别特殊短语 would rather,had rather,had better,would (just) as soon, would sooner 均作 "但愿,宁愿”讲时: (一)后接动词原形,表示现在或将来的一种主观愿望或选择 例句:1 would rather go there with you ,because you are the only person that I have been acqua in ted with. 分析:该句是复合句,定语从句that I have bee n acqua in ted with 修饰the only person。 译文:我宁愿和你一起去那儿,因为你是我在这里唯一熟悉的人。 (二)后接从句,从句动词一般用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,动词用过去完成时表示过去的愿望 例句:I d rather he stayed there,because weather is said to be somewhat worse accord ing to the n ews. 分析:该句是复合句,weather is said to be...是it is said that...的变形。 译文:我希望他待在那儿,因为据新闻报道天气将会很恶劣。 例句:I d rather you had not bee n so rude to her,she was a new comer after all. 分析:该句是复合句,其中after all意为"究竟,毕竟”,you had not been so rude to her 表示与过去事实相反假设。 译文:真希望你不要对她那么粗鲁,毕竟她是新来的。 七、as if/as though引导的方式状语从句 表示“仿佛,好像”时也用虚拟式,从句中动词用一般过去时(be用were)表示与现在 相反假设;动词用would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来相反假设;动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反假设。 例句:The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood as if their immune system —the self protect ing mecha nism aga inst disease—had crashed. 分析:该句是复合句,as if their immune system had crashed 是方式状语从句,两个破 折号间的内容是对system做进一步的解释。 译文:老鼠感染血液病毒后,似乎它们的免疫系统一一即抵御疾病的自我保护机制一—被彻底摧毁了。 例句:But it s not as if earlier times didn t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.(选自2006 年Text 4) 分析:该句是复合句,as if引导的方式状语从句在句中作表语。 译文:但是这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。 另外,as if(as though)后面的从句也可用陈述语气,尤其在it looks/seems as if(as though)结构中。 例句:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,so it seems as if the earth is circling round the sun.

英语中虚拟语气

虚拟语气 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句,这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如:If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许,我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来,你就会见到那位著名的教授了。(隐含的事实是:你昨天没来,也没见到那位著名教授)。 虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。 1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句 wish(would rather)+宾语从句 suggest(…)+宾语从句 2. 主语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do 表语从句S+is that +s + (should) +do 同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do 3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did 用过去式表现在情况 1. 时态后退型用过去完成式表过去 两种形式用过去将来表将来 2. should+动词原形型 内容详述 I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语) 时间条件状语从句主句 与现在事实相反的假设 If +S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do… 与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done… S+would/should/could/might+have done… 与将来事实相反的假设did… If+S should do were to do S+would/should/could/might+do… 注意事项: 1.倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去If,把功能词提前,构成倒装句。 2.错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3.If there weren't/had not been +…=without… 4.If it were not for…/ If it hadn't been for…= but for… 5.otherwise+虚拟语气的句子 6.虚拟语气的句子,but+ 陈述事实的句子 II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 sb. did …(希望现在用过去式) 1. wish+that sb. had done…(希望过去用过去完成式) sb. would/should do(希望将来用过去将来) 2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。 时间从句

英语虚拟语气类型用法

二、虚拟语气的判断: 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种: (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如: If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。 (2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如: If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。 (3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如: If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如: I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如: I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest 等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,其中should 可以省去。例如: I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 注意:当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,显示”时,不用虚拟语气。例如:

高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法部分虚拟语气

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法部分虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气在if条件从句中的使用 【观察】 If I were you, I would go to bed early tonight. 如果我是你,我今晚就会早点睡。If you took the bus, you would be late for the film. 如果你坐公车去看电影,那么你就会迟到。 If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the football match. 如果杰克射进了那个球,我们就会赢得那场足球比赛。 If she hadn’t come, I might have been in trouble. 如果她没来,我可能已陷入困境了。 I could help you if you had difficulty in doing your homework. 如果你做作业有困难,我会帮助你的。 If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雨的话,他们就不会出去。 【归纳】 注意:若从句中的谓语动词是be动词的话,一律用were。 【实践】 1.If he my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 2. 翻译:如果我有足够的钱,我会周游世界。 If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 翻译:如果明天见到他,我会邀请他到我家。 If I should see / were to see / saw him tomorrow, I would invite him to my house. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时,可以转换成下列形式: (1)省略if, 用“were, had, should + 主语”。如: Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我女儿,我就不让她出国学习了。 Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话,我肯定会成功的。 Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 如果明天有会议,我会来。 (2)含蓄条件句。虚拟语气句中不出现if 条件句,而是用介词、介词短语或连词通过上下文表现出来,这时须根据句子的含义判定是用虚拟现在式还是虚拟过去式。常见短语有:but for, without, otherwise, or 等。如:

考研英语虚拟语气讲义与练习

考研语法精讲 第四讲虚拟语气 1.什么是虚拟语气 【2010】Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influential, those selected people will do most of the work for them. 【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 英语语气:(1)陈述(2)祈使(3)虚拟 虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等 【2003】If railroad charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament,you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 【2008】In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. 2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用 ①If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。 (事实是:天在下雨,我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。) ②If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这,他就能够帮助你了。 (事实是:他没来这,他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。) ③She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话,她就会去参加这次聚会了。 (事实是:当时没有人邀请她,因此,她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。)

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例: If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.(表示可能性小)

(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解

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虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想, 而不表示客观存在的事实, 所说的是一个条件, 不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 例: If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。 (真实) If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你, 我马上就会去。(非真实, 虚拟语气) If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气,人就会死亡。 (非真实,虚拟语气)
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were) ( be 动词 were )
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do

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