2019年中考英语非谓语动词语法总结

2019年中考英语非谓语动词语法总结
2019年中考英语非谓语动词语法总结

2019年中考英语非谓语动词语法总结

(名师总结必考语法知识点,值得下载)

01

非谓语动词的概念

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。

02

非谓语动词的使用条件

一个句子中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下,若还有其他动词出现,该动词则充当了非谓语动词。如:

He teaches us to dance on weekends.(teaches主语后,作谓语词;to dance 不定式作宾补)

03

非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下:

1. 不定式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)

例如:

The teacher told us to do morning exercises .

老师让我们做早操。

2. 动名词:doing (表示主动)

例如:

Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.

在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

3. 现在分词:doing (表示主动和进行)

例如:

He sat there,reading a newspaper.

他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。

4. 过去分词:done

及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。

polluted river 被污染的河流(及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系,即“河流被污染”)

fallen leaves 落叶(不及物动词fall和leaves之间是主动关系,即“叶子落下来”)

注意:非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行和将来是相对于谓语动作来说的:和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来

04

非谓语动词的作用

非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。

动词不定式

一、特点:

1. 没有人称和数的变化

2. 可以有自己的宾语和状语

3. 有时态和语态的变化(被动语态形式为to be+动词的过去分词)

二、句法作用:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

1.作主语。如:

To learn a foreign language is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.

注意:不定式短语作主语如果太长,常用it作形式主语,将不定式后置。

2. 作表语。如:

The important thing is to finish the work on time.

3. 作宾语,即:动词+to do sth.或动词+疑问词+to do sth.。如:

We decided to visit the Great Wall this May holiday.

I don’t know what to do next.

常见v .+ to do sth.的动词(组)口诀如下:

决定想做计划需要同意,能做被用来做的事

(decide,want,plan,need,agree,afford,be used)

迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事

(can’t wait,make up one’s mind,used,fail)

4. 作宾补,即:动词 +sb.+ to do sth.。如:

Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.

常见v . +sb.+ to do sth.的动词(组)如下:

告诉tell 希望wish

要求ask 想要want

邀请invite 建议advise

允许allow 期望expect

教teach 强迫force

帮助help 警告warn

注意:

感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,可概括为“一感(feel),二听(hear,listen to),三让(let,make,have),四看(look at,see,watch,notice)”。如:

We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了那个房间。

5. 作状语(可表目的、表结果、表原因)。如:

To catch the train,we have to get up early.

6. 作定语(后置)。如:

I have a lot of things to do in my spare time.

动名词

一、特点:

1. 动名词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数

2. 并列的动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式

二、句法作用:

1. 作主语。如:

Reading in bed is not good for our eyes.

Singing and collecting are my hobbies.

2. 作表语(可转换为动名词作主语)。如:

My favorite sport is playing basketball.= Playing basketball is myfavorite sport.

3. 作宾语。如:

He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.

常见v .+ doing sth.的动词(组)口诀如下:

喜欢想象忍不住

(enjoy,imagine,can’t help)

建议完成多练习

(suggest,finish,practice)

考虑思念不介意

(consider,miss,mind)

冒险坚持不放弃

(risk,keep on,give up)

习惯想要值得忙

(be used to,feel like,be worth)

4. 作定语(表明所修饰词的用途、所属关系等)。如:

There were many people in the waiting room before dark.

注意:一些动词(词组)后既可跟动名词,也可以跟动词不定式。如:

分词

分词包括现在分词和过去分词,一般情况下,现在分词的基本形式是“v.-ing”;过去分词的基本形式是“v.-ed”,但也有不规则的形式(特殊记)。如:The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.

注意:现在分词与过去分词的区别:

1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。如:

a moving film一场感人的电影

the moved people被感动的人们

2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如:

the developing country发展中国家

the developed country发达国家

05

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