语言学术语
A List of Commonly-used Linguistic Terminology 语言学常用术语表
Part I General Terms 通用术语Acquisition 习得
Agglutinative language 粘着语Anthropology 人类学
Applied linguistics 应用语言学Arbitrariness 任意性
Artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能Behaviorism 行为主义
Behaviorist psychology 行为主义心理学Bilingualism 双语现象
Cognition 认知
Cognitive linguistics 认知语言学Cognitive science 认知科学Comparative linguistics 比较语言学Computational linguistics 计算语言学Corpus-linguistics 语料库语言学
Creole 克里奥耳语；混合语
Culture 文化
Descriptive linguistics 描写语言学Design features 识别特征Developmental psycholinguistics 发展心理语言学Diachronic/historical linguistics历时语言学
Dialect 方言
Dialectology 方言学
Displacement 不受时空限制的特性Dualism 二元论
Duality 二重性
Epistemology认识论
Etymology 辞源学
Experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学
Formalization 形式化
Formal linguistics 形式语言学
Forensic linguistics 法律语言学Functionalism 功能主义
General linguistics 普通语言学Grammaticality 符合语法性Ideography 表意法
Inflectional language 屈折语
Inter-disciplinary 交叉性学科的Isolating language 孤立语
Langu ag e 语言
Macro-sociolinguistics 宏观社会语言学Mentalism 心智主义
Micro-sociolinguistics 微观社会语言学Montague grammar蒙太古语法Neuro-linguistics 神经语言学Orthography 正字法
Orthoepic正音法的
Paradigmatic 聚合关系
Parole 言语
Pedagogy 教育学；教授法
Philology 语文学
Philosophy 哲学
Phonography 表音法
Pidgin 皮钦语；洋泾浜语Polysynthetic language 多式综合语Prescriptive linguistics 规定语言学Psycholinguistics心理语言学Psychology 心理学
Semeiology符号学
Sociology 社会学
Speech 言语
Sociolinguistics社会语言学Structuralism 结构主义Universality 普遍性
Synchronic linguistics 共时语言学Syntagmatic 组合关系Theoretic linguistics 理论语言学Universal grammar 普遍语法
Part II Phonology 音位学Ablaut 元音变化
Acoustic phonetics 声学语音学Affricate 塞擦音
Allophone 音位变体
Alveolar 齿龈音
Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学Articulatory variables 发音变体Aspiration 送气
Assimilation 同化
Back of tongue舌根
Back vowel后元音
Bilabial 双唇音
Blade of tongue 舌面
Broad transcription 宽式音标Central vowel 中元音
Collocation 搭配
Complementary distribution 互补分布Consonant 辅音
Dental 齿音
Diacritics 变音符号；附加符号
Diphthong 双元音
Distinctive features 区别性特征Fricative 擦音
Front vowel 前元音
Glide 音渡
Glottal 喉音
Hard palate 硬腭
International Phonetic Alphabet 国际音标
Intonation语调
Liquid 流音
Manner of articulation 发音方法Minimal pair最小对立体
Narrow transcription 严式音标
Nasal 鼻音
Nasal cavity 鼻腔
Palatal 腭音
Pharyngeal cavity 咽腔
Phone音素
Phoneme音位
Place of articulation 发音部位
Plosive爆破音
Phonemic contrast 音位对立
Phonetics语音学Rounded圆唇音
Soft palate (velum)软腭Spectrograph 频谱仪
Speech organ 发音器官
Speech sounds 语音
Stop塞音
Stress 重音
Suprasegmental features 超音段特征Teeth ridge (alveolus) 齿龈隆骨
Tip of tongue 舌尖
Tone音/声调
Unrounded 非圆唇音
Uvula 小舌
Velar 软腭音
Vocal cords 声带
Voiced 浊音
Voiceless清音
Voicing 浊音化
Vowel 元音
Part III Morphology 形态学Acronym 首字母缩略词
Affix 词缀
Affixation 词缀法
Back-formation 逆成法
Blending 紧缩法
Borrowing 借用
Bound morpheme 粘着语素Clipped words 缩略词
Coinage 创新词Compounding 合成法Conversion 转换法
Closed class 封闭类Derivational morpheme 派生语素Free morpheme 自由语素
Idiom 成语
Inflection 屈折变化
Inflectional morpheme 屈折语素Jargon 行话
Lexicography 辞典编纂学
Loan words 外来词
Morpheme 语素
Open class 开放类
Prefix 前缀
Productive 能产的
Root 词根
Stem 词干
Suffix 后缀
Suppletion异根Word formation 构词法
Part IV Syntax 句法学Abstract noun 抽象名词Accusative 宾格
Active voice 主动态Adjective 形容词
Adjunct 附加状语
Adverbial 状语
Agreement 一致关系Anaphor 照应语Antecedent 先行词Apostrophe 省略符号Apposition 同位语
Article 冠词
Attribute 定语
Case 格
Cleft sentence 分裂句Collective noun 集合名词Comment 述题Competence 语言能力Complement 补语Compound predicate 复合谓语Compound sentence 复合句Concession relation 让步关系
Concrete noun 具体名词
Connective 连接词
Constituent 句子成分
Content word 实词
Continuous aspect 进行体
Coordinate clause 并列句Coordinating conjunction 并列连词Copula 系动词
Declarative sentence 陈述句Descriptive adequacy 描写充分性
Direct object 直接宾语
Discontinuous constituents 非连续性成分D-structure 深层结构
Dual number 双数
Dummy word 伪词
Endocentric construction 向心结构Ergative 作格
Exclamatory sentence 感叹句Existential sentence 存在句Exocentric construction 离心结构Explanatory adequacy 解释充分性Feminine 阴性
Finite clause 限定性分句
Finite verb 限定性动词Function word 功能词
Generic term 泛指性成分
Genitive case 所有格；属格
Gender 性
Gerundive 动名词
Habitual aspect 习惯体
Head 中心词
Immediate Constituent Analysis (IC Analysis) 直接成分分析法
Imperative mood 祈使语气
Imperative sentence 祈使句Imperfective aspect 非完成体
Indirect object 间接宾语
Infinitive 不定式
Inflectional affix 屈折前缀
Informal language 非正式语言Intensifier 强势语
Interjection 感叹词
Interrogative sentence 疑问句Intransitive verb 不及物动词Intransitivity 不及物性
Irregular verb 不规则动词
Labeled tree diagram 加标记的树形图Language faculty 语言器官
Lexical verb 实词性动词
Main clause 主句
Masculine 阳性的
Matrix sentence 主句
Middle voice 中动语态
Modality 情态
Modal verbs 情态动词Modification 修饰
Modifier 修饰语
Morphological process 形态过程Move 移位
Negation 否定
Neuter gender 中性
Nominal 名词性的
Nominal clause 名词性分句Nominalization 名物化Nominative case 主格
Non-place predicate 空位述谓结构Numeral 数词
Object 宾语
Objective 宾格
Oblique case 斜格
Observational adequacy 观察充分性One-place predicate 一位述谓结构Onomatopoeia 拟声词
Particle 小品词
Parts of speech 词性
Passive voice 被动语态
Past perfect tense 过去完成时
Past tense过去时
Perfective aspect 完成体
Performance 语言运用；言语行为Personal pronoun 人称代词Personification 拟人化
Phrasal verb 短语动词
Phrase 短语
Phrase structure rules (PS-rules) 短语结构规则
Plural 复数的
Plurality 复数性
Postposition 后置词
Postpositional phrase 后置性短语Predicate 谓词
Preposition 介词
Prepositional phrase 介词性短语Present tense 现在时
Progressive aspect 进行体
Projection principle 投射原则
Pronominal 代词性的
Pronoun 代词
Quantifier 数量词
Reciprocal pronoun 互指代词Reflexive pronoun 反身代词Reflexive verb 反身动词
Relative adverb 关系副词Relative clause 关系状语Relative pronoun 关系代词Rhetorical question 反意疑问句Sentence 句子
Sentential 句子的
Sentential complement 句子性补语Simple sentence 简单句
Singular 单数的
Singularity 单数性
S-structure 表层结构
Subject 主语
Subjective 主格
Subordinate 从属句
Substantive 实词
Syntactic function 句法功能
Tag question 附加疑问句
Tense 时态Topic 主题Transformational-generative grammar (TG grammar) 转换生成语法
Transitive verb 及物动词
Transitivity 及物性
Two-place predicate 二位述谓结构Unaccusativity动词的非宾格性
Verb 动词
Verbal behavior 言语行为
Voice 语态
Word classes 词类
Word order 词序
Yes-no question 是非问句；一般疑问句Part V Semantics 语义学
Agent 施事
Antonym 反义词
Antonymy反义关系
Beneficiary 受益者
Color word 色彩词
Complementarity 互补性反义关系Componential analysis 成分分析法Contradiction 自相矛盾的说法
Deictic center 指示中心
Deixis指示语
Downgrade 语义降格
Experiencer 经历者Homography同形异音异义Homonymy 同音异义
Hyponym 下义词
Hyponymy 下义
Instrument 工具
Locative 地点
Meaningfulness 有意义
Naming 命名论
Participant role 参与者角色Patient 受事
Person deixis人称指示语
Place deixis地点指示语Polysemy 一词多义
Possible world 可能世界Predication analysis 述谓结构分析Recipient 接收者
Reference 所指
Referent 所指对象
Selectional restrictions 选择限制Semantic role 语义角色
Sense 意义
Superordinate 上义词
Synonym 同义词Synonymy 同义关系
Theme 受事
Theta role (θ-role) 语义角色
Time deixis时间指示语
Truth condition 真值条件
Valency配价
Part VI Pragmatics 语用学Addressee 说话对象
Adjacency pair 邻接对
Context 语境；上下文
Conversational implicature会话含义Cooperative principle 合作原则
Direct speech 直接话语
Discourse 话语
Distal 远指
Encyclopedic knowledge 百科知识Euphemism 委婉语
Focus 焦点
Generalized implicature广义含义
Given vs. new information 已知与未知信息
Honorific 敬语
Illocutionary act 言外行为
Illocutionary force 言外之力
Implicature含义
Indirect speech 间接话语Informativeness principle 信息原则Manner implicature方式含义Maxim of manner 方式准则
Maxim of quality 质量准则
Maxim of quantity 数量准则Maxim of relation 关联准则Performative 施为句Performative verb 施为动词Perlocutionary act 言后行为Potential implicature可能含义Potential presupposition 可能预设Pre-announcement 事先声明Preparatory condition 准备条件Presupposition预设Presupposition suspension 预设中止Presupposition trigger 预设激发Propositional act 命题行为Propositional content 命题内容Propositional relation 命题关系Proposition 命题
Proximal 近指
Quality implicature质的含义Quantity implicature量的含义Scalar implicature标尺含义Schema 图式
Self-repair 自我修正Sincerity condition 诚实原则Speaker 说话者
Speech act 言语行为
Text 语篇
Turn 话轮
Turn-taking 话轮转换
英语语言学名词
现代语言学 一绪论 1 Linguisitics: 语言学Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics: 语音学The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants 元音、辅音、声调、重音以及节奏、音变 3 Phonology: 音韵学The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. For example, phone, phoneme, and allophone. 4 Morphology: 形态学The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. For example, boy and “ish”---boyish, teach---teacher. 5 Syntax: 句法学The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. For example, ”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: 语义学The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example: “The seal could not be found. The zoo keeper became worried. The seal could not be found, The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 同义词、反义词，同音词 7 Pragmatics: 语用学The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. For example, “I do” The word do means different context.在特定情景中的特定话语，研究如何通过语境来理解和使用语言。 8 Sociolinguistics: 社会语言The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. For example:regional dialects, social variation in language.
语言学名词解释(20200524011933)
语言学名词解释 Define the following terms: 1. design feature:are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. 2. function: the use of language tocommunicate,to think ,https://www.360docs.net/doc/2910772009.html,nguage functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function. 3. etic: a term in contrast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper. 4. emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike’s distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone. 5. synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind. 6. diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 7. prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 8. prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,https://www.360docs.net/doc/2910772009.html,ying down rules for language use. 9. descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described. 10. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 11. duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 12. displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of communication. 13. phatic communion: one function of human language,which refers to the social interaction of language. 14. metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies. 15. macrolinguistics: he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology,sociology,ethnograph,science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include
英汉语言学词汇对照表
英汉语言学词汇对照表 abbreviation ablative abrupt accent accusative acoustic phonetics acquisition action verb active active chart parser active knowledge active verb actor-action-goal actualization acute address adequacy adjacency pair adjective adjunct adjunction adverb adverbial idiom affective affirmative affix affixation affricate agent agentive-action verb agglutinative agreement AI (artificial intelligence) AI language Algebraic Linguistics algorithm alienable alignment allo- allomorph allophone alpha notation alphabetic writing alternation 缩写[省略语 ] 夺格 (的) 突发音 口音 /{Phonetics} 重音 受格（的） 声学语音学 习得 动作动词 主动语态 活动图句法剖析程序 主动知识 主动动词 施事 (者)-动作 -目标 实现 (化) 锐音 地址 { 信息科学 }/ 称呼（语） { 语言学 } 妥善性 邻对 形容词 附加语[ 附加修饰语 ] 加接 副词 副词词组 影响的 肯定（的；式） 词缀 加缀 塞擦音 施事 施事动作动词 胶着（性） 对谐 人工智能[人工智能 ] 人工智能语言[人工智能语言 ] 代数语言学 算法[算法 ] 可分割的 对照 [多国语言文章词；词组；句子翻译的 ] 同位 - 同位语素 同位音位 alpha 标记 拼音文字 交替
语言学术语
acronym: is made up from the first letters of the name of an organization, which has a heavily modified headword. affix: the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or stem). Allophone: any of the different forms of a phoneme(e g. [t h] is an allophone of /t/ in English. When /t/ occurs in words like step, it is unaspirated [t]. Both [t h] and t] are allophones of the phoneme /t/. applied linguistics: applications of linguistics to the study of second and foreign language learning and teaching, and other areas such as translation, the compiling of dictionaries, etc. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. articulatory phonetics: the study of production of speech sounds. assimilation: the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound, which is more specifically called “contact”or “contiguous” assimilation. assimilation theory: language (sound, word, syntax, etc) change or process by which features of one element change to match those of another that precedes or follows. back-formation: an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. blending: a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial pars of the two words. bound morpheme: an element of meaning which is structurally dependent on the world it is added to, e. g. the plural morpheme in dogˊ s. broad and narrow transcription: the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; the use of a simple set of symbols in transcription is called broad transcription; while, the use of more specific symbols to show more phonetic detail is referred to as narrow transcription. category: parts of speech and function, such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech, the identification of terms of parts of speech, the identification of functions of words in term of subject, predicate, etc. creativity:by creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. One of the reasons why language is actually a far more complicated entity than traffic lights is that we can use it to create new meanings. concord: also known as agreement, is the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntaetic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories. coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous or overlapping articulations are involved. Coarticulation can be further divided into anticipatory coarticulation and perseverative coarticulation. compound: Polymorphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes, such as classroom, blackboard, snowwhite, etc. complementary
语言学专业英语词汇
英语专业八级语言学总结来源：谢萌Fighting的日志 一、语言和语言学 1、语言的区别性特征：Design of features of language 任意性arbitrariness 指语言符号和它代表的意义没有天然的联系 二重性duality 指语言由两层结构组成 创造性creativity 指语言可以被创造 移位性displacement 指语言可以代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、时间、观点 2、语言的功能（不是很重要） 信息功能informative 人际功能interpersonal 施为功能performative 感情功能emotive function 寒暄功能phatic communication 娱乐功能recreational function 元语言功能metalingual function 3、语言学主要分支 语音学phonetics 研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程，考查人类语言中的声音 音位学phonology 研究语音和音节结构、分布和序列 形态学morphology 研究词的内部结构和构词规则 句法学syntax 研究句子结构，词、短语组合的规则 语义学semantics 不仅关心字词作为词汇的意义，还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。如语素和句子的意义 语用学pragmatics 在语境中研究意义 4、宏观语言学macrolingustics 心理语言学psycholinguistics 社会语言学sociolinguistics 人类语言学anthropological li nguistics 计算机语言学computational linguistics 5语言学中的重要区别 规定式和描写式：规定式：prescriptive说明事情应该是怎么样的 描写式：descriptive 说明事情本来是怎么样的 共时研究和历时研究：共时：synchronic 研究某个特定时期语言 历时：diachronic 研究语言发展规律 语言和言语：语言：langue指语言系统的整体 言语：parole指具体实际运用的语言 语言能力和语言运用：乔姆斯基(chomsky提出) 能力：competence用语言的人的语言知识储备 运用：performance 真实的语言使用者在实际中的语言使用 二、语音学 1、语音学分支 发音语音学articulatory phonetics研究语言的产生 声学语言学acoustic phonetics 研究语音的物理属性 听觉语音学auditory phonetics 研究语言怎样被感知 2 IPA（国际音标）是由daniel Jones琼斯提出的 三、音位学
胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表-(1)(DOC)
胡壮麟语言学术语英汉对照翻译表 1. 语言的普遍特征： 任意性arbitrariness 双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构 多产性productivity 移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西 文化传播性cultural transmission 2。语言的功能： 传达信息功能informative 人济功能：interpersonal 行事功能：Performative 表情功能：Emotive 寒暄功能：Phatic 娱乐功能recreatinal 元语言功能metalingual 3. 语言学linguistics：包括六个分支 语音学Phonetics 音位学phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学syntax 语义学semantics 语用学pragmatics 4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人：Ferdinand de saussure 提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一：语言与言语language and parole ，语言之语言系统的整体，言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语 5. 语法创始人：Noam Chomsky 提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance 1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one of the unique properties of language: a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain language b. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing. c. we can u se language to refer to something not present d. we can produce sentences that have never been heard befor e. 2.What is the most important function of language? a. interpersonal b. phatic c. informative d.metallingual 3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __ a informative b. phatic c. directive d. performative
语言学术语.
《语言学》术语及英文解释 Define the following terms: 1. design feature:are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc. 2. function: the use of language tocommunicate,to think ,https://www.360docs.net/doc/2910772009.html,nguage functions inclucle imformative function,interpersonal function,performative function,interpersonal function,performative function,emotive function,phatic communion,recreational function and metalingual function. 3. etic: a term in contr ast with emic which originates from American linguist Pike’distinction of phonetics and phonemics.Being etic mans making far too many, as well as behaviously inconsequential,differentiations,just as was ofter the case with phonetic vx.phonemic analysis in linguistics proper. 4. emic: a term in contrast with etic which originates from American linguist Pike distinction of phonetics and phonemics.An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is validated as meaningful via final resource to the native members of a speech communith rather than via qppeal to the investigator’s ingenuith or intuition alone. 5. synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixed instant(usually,but not necessarily,the present),as its point of observation.Most grammars are of this kind. 6. diachronic:study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 7. prescriptive: the study of a language is carried through the course of its history. 8. prescriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are prescribed how ought to be,https://www.360docs.net/doc/2910772009.html,ying down rules for language use. 9. descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are just described. 10. arbitrariness: one design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 11. duality: one design feature of human language,which refers to the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary.level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. 12. displacement: one design feature of human language,which means human language enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present c in time and space,at the moment of communication. 13. phatic communion: one function of human language,which refers to the social interaction of language. 14. metalanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies. 15. macrolinguistics: he interacting study between language and language-related disciplines such as psychology,sociology,ethnograph,science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics,sociolinguistics, a nthropological linguistics,et 16. competence: language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules. 17. performance: the actual use of language in concrete situation. 18. langue: the linguistic competence of the speaker. 19. parole: the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances).
《英语语言学》术语(英汉对照)表
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表 Glossary and Index (备注：因教材改版，部分章节标注等内容有出入。) A abbreviation 缩写词，略语3.3.1 Abercrombie 10.3.2 ablative 夺格，离格4.1.1 abstractness 抽象性1.3.2 accent 重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5 accuracy 正确性11.6.4 accusative 宾格4.1.1 achievement test 成绩测试11.6.3 acoustic phonetics 声学语音学1.7.1；2.1 acquisition 习得6.1.2 acronym 缩略语3.3.1 action process 动作过程12.2.3 actor 动作者4.4.2；12.2.3 addition 添加3.3.2 address form 称呼形式7.2.3 addressee 受话人1.4；9.4.1 addresser 发话人1.4；9.4.1 adjective 形容词3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2 adjunct 修饰成分；附加语12.2.3 adverb 副词3.1.2 affix 词缀3.2.1 affix hopping 词缀跳跃4.3.1 affixation词缀附加法7.1.4 affricate 塞擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1 agreement 一致关系4.1.3 airstream 气流2 alliteration 头韵9.3.2；9.3.6 allomorph 词/语素变体3.2.4；4.3.1 allophone 音位变体2.8
语言学专业词汇
A AcS (actor Subject), ReS (Receptor Subject) and DaS (dative vesubject) P85 Active deposit 活性沉积P393 adaptability制宜原则P39 adjustment 调整P135 AdjMr：Ajective Modifier 定语修饰语P19 Affixing morpheme of fixed position 定位性附加语素P342 Affixation 缀合法P29 All encompassing 无所不包P ix Aphasic 失语症患者P386 ApoP 同位短语式P188 Approximative system 近似体系P58 arbitrariness任意性; selectiveness 选择性P181 Aspect 体（tentative尝试体, inchoative开始体, successive继续体, perfect完成体, progressive 进行体）P114 Autonomy 自主权P53 B backshift后移P370/372 bilingualism 双语学P522 Blending 拼缀法P29 Bottom-up perception自下而上的感知，top-down perception自上而下的感知P493 C Cart Fames1980 对比分析P x circulativeness 周遍性P86 categorization范畴化, grouping 归为类P487 category word 范畴词P418/474/513 cleft sentence 分裂句P230 cognate equivalence同源对应P134/468，词根对应P478 cognitive schema认知图示P386 Cohesion 粘着性P62 Cohesion and coherence接应与连贯P74 Cohesive tie 联结关系接应词，additive 增补连接词，adversative 对比连接词，causal conjunction因果连接词，temporal conjunction 时间连接词P436 Combination (虚词功能)组合P452 Total combination完全结合，formal combination形式结合P464 Common value （语言）共同价值；special value 特征价值P47 Complement 补语P126Composition 合成法P29 Compactness of meaningful morpheme有义语素结合紧密度P299 Compressed predicate 紧缩式谓语P120 Compound （汉语）合成词P443 Conversion 转化法P29 Constant 常数（ie. tertium comparationis中间比较项）；variable变数；tertium 中间项P50
100个最常用的语言学术语(欧美语言学)
100个最常用的语言学术语（“欧美语言学”课） 1.语言language 2.语言学linguistics 3.语言学家linguist；philologist 4.语法grammar 5.语法单位grammatical unit 6.语法形式grammatical form 7.语法意义grammatical meaning 8.语法手段grammatical device 9.语法范畴grammatical category 10.元音vowel 11.辅音consonant 12.语文学philology 13.传统语法traditional grammar 14.历史比较语言学historical comparative linguistics 15.转换生成语法transformational generative grammar 16.结构主义语言学structural linguistics 17.应用语言学applied linguistic 18.方言dialect 19.语言教学language teaching 20.语言规划language planning 21.语言政策language policy 22.语言学习策略language learning strategy 23.发现程序discovery procedure 24.语境context；language environment 25.中介语interlanguage 26.音位phoneme 27.音节syllable 28.语素morpheme 29.词法morphology 30.句法syntax 31.交际法communicative approach 32.认知cognition 33.习得acquisition 34.第二语言second language 35.第二语言习得second language acquisition （SLA） 36.自由语素free morpheme 37.黏着语素bound morpheme 38.复合词compound word 39.普遍语法universal grammar，UG 40.词类part of speech
语言学名词解释
Define the following terms: 1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax. . 4. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. 5. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 6. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 7. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 8. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology. 9. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. 10. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics. 11. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability. 12. Arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds 13. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. 14. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker 15. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. 16. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication 17. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language, 18. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication. 19. Langue : Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently 20. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.45. phonology: Phonology studies the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. 21. phoneme: The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit of distinctive value. But