大学英语四级篇章仔细阅读60篇
大学英语四级篇章仔细阅读60篇
篇章仔细阅读为两篇300～400词的多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇文章后有5个题目，要求考生从四个选项中选择符合原文和题干要求的答案。该部分考查考生辨别和理解文章的中心思想和重要细节的能力，包括理解明确表达的概念或细节，理解隐含表达的概念或细节(如总结、判断、推论等)，通过判断句子的交际功能(如请求、拒绝、命令等)来理解文章意思，理解文章的中心思想(如找出能概括全文的要点等)，理解作者的观点和态度。
4.1大学英语四级篇章仔细阅读答题攻略
一、命题考点及规律
通过分析四级历年真题可以发现，篇章阅读在设置题目的时候，往往针对文中以下几个方面命题：
1．强调处、绝对处、最高处、the only… 或only在句首做状语
例：... When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India Ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device’s homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.（2010年6月）
58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?
A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.
B) The total number of passengers on board.
C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.
D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.
【解析】该部分介绍了黑匣子在探寻也门客机坠毁原因上所起到的重大作用。由the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong“黑匣子是确定飞机发生了什么问题的最佳选择”及下文determining the cause of a tragedy“决定悲剧产生的原因”可知，人们可以从也门飞机的黑匣子中找到其失事原因的数据，A 项正确。
2．举例处
为了使观点更具说服力，作者会用举例来论证，通常由for example, such as, as, for instance, that is, to name a few, as follows等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例子常是命题重点。例子一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，且常以“事实细节题”或“推理判断题”出现。
例：The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older
research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults.（2010年6月）
64. What does the author mean by “... you’re just underlining his faults” (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
【解析】本句话中，underline his faults表面意思就是用线划出某人的过失，也就是强调某人所犯的错误。结合前面的内容“... when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better.”，因此文中应是表达：如果你对你不太聪明的朋友说，他有爱因斯坦的潜质，你恰恰是在强调他的缺点。C项正确。
3．特殊标点处
一些特殊的标点符号（如破折号、冒号、引号）处也是考点之一。作者为了使论点更有依据，常会引用名人名言或重要发现等，即引号中的内容；而冒号、破折号等则是为了解释前面已经提到的对象。这些考点多以“推理判断题”和“事实细节题”出现。
例：... Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas. But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course.（2007年12月）
59. Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ______.
A) earn their academic degrees with much less effort
B) save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses
C) select courses from various colleges and universities
D) work on the required courses whenever and wherever
【解析】冒号之后的内容解释了网络课堂可以提供的便利，即“像他们说的，你可以穿着睡衣学习。”可知学生不需要顾虑场合穿着等，随时可以学习，故选D 项。
4．转折处与强对比处
文章的转折处以及强对比处也是出题的密集点之一，且常以“事实细节题”或“推理判断题”出现。表示转折的标志词有：but, in fact, however, nevertheless等。
例：... By 1932, when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929. But this doesn’t mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn’t afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone.（2012年6月）
58. In the Great Depression many unhappy couples close to stick together because ______.
A) starting a new family would be hard
B) they expected things would turn better
C) they wanted to better protect their kids
D) living separately would be too costly
【解析】文章先是提到离婚率下降，接着讲到“但这并不意味着人们对自己的婚姻突然感到幸福了，相反，收入下降以及工作不稳定，使得不幸福的夫妻可能离不起婚，因为他们担心离婚后双方各自无法维持生活。”由此可以推断出D项，生活成本太高是他们不愿意离婚的原因。
5．主题句处
主题句通常出现在段首或段尾处，且以“主旨大意题”、“观点态度题”的考查形式居多，但也会出现“事实细节题”等。其标志词有in general, generally, in a word 等。
例：While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructions post syllabi, reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.（2007年12月）
58. According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by
______.
A) a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements
B) the great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds
C) a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction
D) the casual relationship between students and professors
【解析】题干中的basically与原文generally对应，故可以对应到“face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.”（与教师面对面的交流最小化或者完全取消。）C项中minimum or total absence是原文is minimized or eliminated altogether的同义转述，故C项正确。
6．因果关系处
考查由某些原因造成的现象，常以“事实细节题”的形式出现。其标志词有for this reason, for, as, because, since, as a result of, owing to, thanks to, due to, as a result, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly, so等。
例：I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scie ntist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.（2007年6月）
62. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D) She finds space research more important.
【解析】作者先是指出她再也不想再次讨论自己作为一名女科学家的故事，后面接着讲到“I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting”，可知作者没有觉得在男性主导的领域中工作是一件趣事，而受够了性别歧视给她带来的难题。B项是正确答案。
7．定义结论处
在这些地方通常考查文章的中心观点或引用的观点，其信号词有In my opinion, my view is, as I see, conclude等。
例：The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.（2008年6月）
61. What is the message the author intends to convey?
A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one
B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology
C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs
D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming
【解析】该部分明确提出新技术才是解决全球变暖的唯一途径。B项是对全文的高度概括，与作者论点吻合。
8．数字年代处
数字、年份等处常以“事实细节题”的形式出现。
例：Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. （2011年12月）
64. The YouGov poll of 2, 000 people indicates that in a recession ______.
A) conflicts between couples tend to rise
B) it is more expensive for couples to split up
C) couples show more concern for each other
D) divorce and separation rates increase
【解析】由题干信息YouGov poll和数字2000可将答案定位至原文第二段第三句话。找到原文they were arguing more with their partners，与A选项是同义表达，故选A项。
9．复杂句
复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系。
例：Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch.（2008年12月）
65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
A. Manners of the salespeople
B Hiring of efficient employees
C Huge supply of goods for sale
D Design of the store layout.
【解析】文章第九段介绍了店主认为可有效解决顾客问题的方法，分别为B、C、D项。第十段Most importantly，强调了更为重要的办法，就是“salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.”（销售人员要灵活礼貌地应对愤怒的顾客），故选择A项。
二、题型分析
1．事实细节题
这类问题是针对文章的某个具体事实和细节，如：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等的提问。
（1）常见的提问方式
When (Where, Who, Why, What, How)…?
All of the following are mentioned in the passage except…
According to the passage, the b est answer to…is…
The author says…because…
Which of the following may be the best reason for…?
（2）解题步骤
a.关键词定位
根据人名、地名、数字、时间、重要名词、动词等关键词来定位答案在原文中的位置。
b.确定答案
根据关键词定位后，优先看定位处是否可以回答题目，如果不能，接着看它的后一句，最后看它的前一句。如果仍没有找到答案，就在本段内看考点。
事实细节题的答案和原文通常会有所差别，常常不是文章中的原话，而是词语或句子的同义转述。
（3）事实细节题干扰项特征
a.与原文表述完全相反；
b.与原文表述部分相同；
c.与原文表述相似但过于绝对化；
d.虽然是原文内容，但并非题目答案，即答非所问；
e.原文中根本没提到。
2．主旨大意题
主旨大意题是指测试文章中心思想和段落大意的题。
（1）常见的提问方式
What’s the main idea of…?
What’s the topic/purpose/point of…?
What’s the best title of…?
（2）解题技巧
主旨大意题要求考生把握结构形式和推理过程。阅读理解多是说明文和议论文，因此熟悉这两种文体的结构特点可以帮助考生快速把握文章脉络和主题。这两种文体的文章结构基本如下：提出问题—解决问题—得出结论或阐明观点。
答题时应仔细阅读文章的第一段、最后一段以及每段的首末句，找出主题句、主题词，尤其要注意全文首句和第一段的转折，有时转折会把前面的观点否定掉，接着再提出作者的观点。
（3）主旨大意题正确答案特征
主旨大意是对文章的整体性描述，具有概括性和结论性，因此可将描述文章某一细节的选项排除掉。
一般有两个选项意义相近，但词义有细微差别，通常其中之一便是正确选项。
（4）主旨大意题干扰项特征
a.论述范围包括文章内容，但又超过了文章内容，过于笼统；
b.论述范围太窄，只涉及文章的某一方面或若干要点，属于以偏概全；
c.提到的某个单词或词组等在原文中出现，但偏离文章主题；
d.和文章内容没有关系，或与文章内容相悖。
3．推理判断题
推理判断题包括：根据语义推断作者的言外之意；根据逻辑推断文章中没有明确表达的内容。
（1）常见的提问方式
题干中表明该题为考查推理判断的词有suggest, imply, indicate, conclude, infer, learn等。主要的提问方式包括：
By saying…, the author suggests that…
It can be inferred that the preceding/following paragraph of the passage most probably discussed…
From the passage, it can be inferred that…
It is implied, but not stated, that…
（2）解题技巧
a.推理判断题不能从文章中直接找到答案，因此是原文原话的选项一般可排除。
b.根据语义进行推断的题目，要注意一些词汇的言外之意，如try/attempt暗示
失败或未能达成，challenge暗示做某事困难，envy暗示自己没有，actually暗
示与众人了解的情况相反；此外，虚拟语气和过去式等也可用作推断的依据。c.对于根据逻辑进行推断的题目，通常是将两个性质相对或相反的事物进行比较，
即由一个事物的性质推断出与之相反的性质。在做此类题目时，应注意一些信号词，如unlike, different, contrary to, in contrast to等。
逻辑推理题有时也会考查两事物性质或特点相近的题目，由一个事物的性质可知另一事物也具有类似性质，常用的信号词有like, as等。
（3）推理判断题正确答案特征
a.选项不是文中明确提到的内容。推理判断题中，即使选项符合原文叙述，但是没有引申推理就不是正确选项。
b.当四个选项可以全部根据常识进行判断时，其中含义深刻的往往是正确选项，有时唯一不是常识项的是正确选项。
（4）推理判断题干扰项特征
a.只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理；
b.看似是从原文推断出来的结论，实际上却与原文不符，例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的；
c.选项根据常识判断是正确的，但却不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点。因此，考生不能仅凭自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理，因为命题者考查的是考生揣摩作者意图的能力；
d.虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头，概括过度；
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