部编版八年级上册英语讲义优质

部编版八年级上册英语讲义优质
部编版八年级上册英语讲义优质

八年级上册英语讲义

目录

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister

Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?

Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?

Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.

Unit7 Will people have robots?

Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

Unit9 Can you come to my party?

Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.

语法总览

Unit 1 复合不定代词,一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词Unit 2频度副词

Unit 3 形容词和副词比较级

Unit 4形容词和副词的最高级

Unit5动词不定式作宾语

Unit6一般将来时:be going to do 的用法

Unit7 一般将来时:will do 的用法

Unit8可数名词与不可数名词,祈使句

Unit9 can表示邀请的用法及其回答

Unit10 if引导的条件状语从句;should 的用法

Unit1 where did you go on vacation?

一、重点词汇

anyone ['eniw?n] pron.任何人

wonderful ['w?nd?fl] adj.精彩的;极好的

few [fju?] adj.很少的;n.少量

something ['s?mθ??] pron.某事物;

nothing(=not…anything) ['n?θ??] pron.没有什么n.没有myself [ma?'self] pron.我自己

everyone ['evriw?n] pron.每人;人人

yourself [j??'self] pron.你自己;你亲自

bored [b??d] adj.无聊的;厌烦的;郁闷的

seem [si?m] vi.似乎;好像

decide [d?'sa?d] v.决定;选定

try [tra?] v.尝试;设法;努力

wonder ['w?nd?(r)] v.惊奇;想知道;怀疑

difference ['d?fr?ns] n.差异;不同

wait [we?t] v.等;等待(wait for)

umbrella [?m'brel?] n.伞;雨伞

wet [wet] adj.湿的;雨天的

enough [?'n?f] adj.足够的adv.足够地;充分地

hungry(反full) ['h??ɡri] adj.饥饿的;渴望的

dislike [d?s'la?k] v.不喜欢;厌恶n.不喜爱;厌恶;反感

二、短语总汇

1、go on vacation去度假,

2、stay at home 呆在家,

3、go to the mountains 上山/进山,

4、go to the beach到海边去,

5、visit museums 参观博物馆,

6、go to summer camp 去夏令营,

7、quite a few 相当多,

8、study for为……学习,

9、go out 出去,

10、most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间,

11、taste good 尝起来味道好,

12、have a good time玩的开心,

13、of course当然可以,

14、feel like感觉像……/想要,

15、go shopping购物,

16、in the past 在过去,

17、walk around绕……走,

18、too many 太多(可数名词前面),

19、because of 因为,

20、one bowl of 一碗……,

21、find out 查出来/发现,

22、go on继续,

23、take photos 照相,

24、something important重要的事情,

25、up and down上上下下,

26、come up出来

三、语法聚焦

A.复合不定代词或副词构成及用法

构成:由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词;加上-where构成副词。

用法:

(1)合成不定代词在句中可以作主语,宾语或表语等。

Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.

(2)不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading.

(3)some-不定代词,通常用于肯定句中;

any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。

但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。

Someone is calling me.

There isn’t anyone else there.

Is anybody over there?

Could you give me something to eat?

(4)形容词修饰不定代词时,通常要放在不定代词之后。

There is something delicious on the table.

(5)somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副词。

Flowers come out everywhere.

注:①形容词修饰不定代词要后置:anything special

B. 规则动词过去式与不规则动词过去式:

B.规则动词过去式(略,见七年级下册)

不规则动词过去式如下:

am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said

give-gave get-got, go-went come-came have-had,

eat-ate take-took run-ran, sing-sang, put-put,

make-made read-read, write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept buy-bought, swim-swam, sit-sat,

bring--brought, can-could, cut-cut become-became,

begin-began, draw-drew feel-felt find-found forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew, learn-learnt(learned)leave-left, let-let, lose-lost, meet-met, read-read, sleep-slept,

speak-spoke, take-took teach-taught , tell-told, wake-woke

四、沙场练兵

1.语法精炼

( )1.What ______ Dean ______ last Saturday night?

A.is; doing

B.does; do

C.did; do

D.was; do

( )2.Hangzhou is a beautiful city. There are many people here

______ vacation every year.

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.to

( )3. ______ was the food in the restaurant?

A.How many

B.Why

C.How

D.Where

( )4.After a long walk, I ______ a little tired.

A.feeling

B.to feel

C.feels

D.felt

( )5They enjoyed ______ very muc h.

A.swimming

B.swam

C.swimming

D.to swim

( )6There is______ in today’s newspap er.

A. interesting something

B.anything interesting

C. nothin g special

D.special nothing

( )7.I didn’t go to Penang Hill _____ the bad weather.

A. so

B. because

C. because of

D. but

( )8. It is raining hard, so John decides _______ at home.

A. stay

B. to stay

C. stayed

D. staying

2. 大题专练(中考完形填空)

Last Saturday,Tony went to see Benny.But h e didn't know 1 Benny lived. 2 the way,he stopped in front of a yellow house,and asked an old woman the 3 to Benny's hou se.―His house is not far from my house,‖ said the woman.―It's behind the trees.But you can't get there 4 .You can go there by bus.It'll 5 you hours to get there 6 foot.‖ ―What's 7 with her?‖ Tony thought.―I can s ee Benny's house from here now.It's behind the 8 .‖

Then Tony walked to the other side of the trees.He found the old woman was 9 .There was a river in front of him,and he couldn't see a boat.The house was on the other side of the 10 .

( )1.A.what B.where C.how D.why

( )2.A.By B.On C.Near D.In

( )3.A.place B.house C.bus D.way

( )4.A.well B.now C.easily D.hurry

( )5.A.spend B.take C.bring D.carry

( )6.A.in B.on C.by D.with

( )7.A.matter B.trouble C.wrong D.right

( )8.A.houses B.rivers C.trees D.boats

( )9.A.right B.good C.wrong D.fine

( )10.A.road B.street C.tree D.river

一、名师点评

这篇短文主要描述了托尼去朋友本尼家,问路的故事。

参考答案:

1:联系上下文,可知此处指的是,他不知道本尼住在哪儿。故选B,在哪儿。

2:介词辨析。A. 通过,到……为止;B.在上面;C. 在……附近;D. 在……里面。联系下文描述,可知这是发生在路上的事情。故选B。3:名词辨析。A. 地方;B. 房子;C. 公交车;D. 道路,方法。联系前文描述,可知此处指的是,他向一个老人问去本尼家的路。故选D。4:副词辨析。A. 很好地,充分地;B. 现在;C. 容易地;D. 匆忙地,仓促地。联系下文描述,可知此处指的是,但是你到哪儿也不容易。故选C。

5:动词辨析。take 用于it takes sb ... to do sth句型,仅指花费时间(three hours等),必须用it作形式主语,指代下文不定式内容;spend 用于sb spend...on sth或者sb spend...in doing sth(in可以省略),spend 的主语必须是人,可以指花费时间、也可以指花费金钱;bring带来;carry运送。结合语境可知此处指的是步行到哪儿得花费你几个小时

的时间。主语是it,故选B。

6:联系下文,可知此处指的是步行到那儿。短语on foot,故选B,在上面。

7:词义辨析。A. 物质,原因;B. 麻烦,烦恼;C. 坏事,错误的;

D. 正确的。联系上下文,可知此处指示,这个老人有什么问题。Matter 和trouble一般要搭配定冠词the,故选C。

8:联系前文"It"s behind the trees.可知此处指的是就在树后面。故选C。树木。

9:形容词辨析。A. 正确的;B. 好的;C. 错误的;D. 好的,优良的;联系下文描述,可知他发现老人说的是正确的。故选A。

10:联系前文,可知此处指的是,这所房子在河的另一边。故选D,河。

点评:这篇短文内容比较简单,理解不难。各小题与上下文联系比较紧密,答题中一定要注意联系上下文。答完后多读几遍,看看是否符合逻辑,适当修改。个别小题可以当作单独的词义辨析题来做,先区分词义,结合语境选出最能使语句通顺的答案。

二完形填空做题方法:

完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅,单词为主、短语为辅。动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80%以上。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。

一、完形填空解题步骤

通览------试填-----复核

1 通览----速度全文,把握大意

快速阅读一下全文,通过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。

2 试填----紧扣文意,瞻前顾后

先易后难,逐层深入。紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意词汇的意义、搭配,惯用法,语法,常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。

3 复核----全面检查,确保语意连贯,用词准确

试填后,要把全文再通读一遍,注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。

二、解题技巧

1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。(同义词或反义词)

2. 注意固定搭配

3. 注意同义词的辨义

4.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项

5. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项

6. 利用语法知识选出正确选项

三、解题技巧的具体运用

1 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。

2 注意固定搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配

以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。

3 注意同义词的辨义

4 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项

有时,选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语,它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解,如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系及对比关系等。

常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thing…for another…等连接词表示列举;First…and then,First…Next…Then…Finally…用来按次序描述时间发生的过程;anyhow,still,though,although…表示让步关系;therefore,so表结果;because,since,due to,owing to…表原因,等等

6 利用语法知识选出正确选项

5 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项

Unit2 How often do you exercise?

一、重点词汇:

hardly ['hɑ?dli] adv.几乎不;简直不;刚刚

once [w?ns] adv.一次;曾经

twice [twa?s] adv.两倍;两次

maybe ['me?bi] adv.或许;也许;可能

at least至少

hardly ever很少;几乎从不;难得

health [helθ] n.健康;人的身体或精神状态although [??l'e??] conj.虽然;尽管;然而;可是through [θru?] prep.穿过;凭借;一直到

die [da?] v.死;枯竭;消失

writer ['ra?t?(r)] n.作者;作家

however [ha?'ev?(r)] adv.然而;无论如何;不管多么than [e?n] conj.比

none [n?n] pron.没有人;没有任何东西,毫无

less [les] adj.更少的;较少的

二、重点短语

1.such as例如;诸如

2.junk food n.垃圾食品;无营养食品

3.more than超过;多于;不仅仅;非常

4.less than不到;少于

5.help with housework 帮助做家务

6.how often 多久一次

7.hardly ever 几乎从不

8.once a week 每周一次

9.twice a month 每月两次

10.go to the movies 去看电影

11. use the Internet 用互联网

12.swing dance 摇摆舞

13.stay up late 熬夜;睡得很晚

14.play sports 进行体育活动

15.be good for 对……有好处

16.go camping 去野营

17.not…at all 一点儿也不……

18.in one’s free time 在某人的业余时间

19.the most popular 最受欢迎的

20.old habits die hard 积习难改

21 How about…? ......怎么样?

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