2021年毕业设计论文外文文献翻译要求及封面
杭州电子科技大学
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译
毕业设计（论文）题目
液压制动器基本
翻译（1）题目
有用产品
翻译（2）题目
学院机械学院
专业车辆工程
姓名
班级
学号
指引教师
液压制动基本
空气制动系统得到更多关注，但更多车辆上安装液压制动器。理解它们
是如何工作，是安全，具成本效益诊断和修复第一步。
有无想过为什么不能只是其中一种制动？这是由于空气和液压制动器，使一种或某些应用程序其她抱负经营特色。重型组合车辆，空气是明确选取，由于将需要大量液体阿卡迪亚所有分泵。此外，布满液压油与制动分泵和软管将是混乱。但对于轻型和中型卡车直应用，液压制动器提供优势涉及：
?制动感觉- 那就是，踏板越往下压，努力增长;高线压力，容许使用更轻，更紧凑制动组件;
?更少初始费用，由于用更小和更少元件;
?卫生，液压制动器是封闭系统;
?易于定位泄漏，由于液体是可见。液压制动系统有更多排列，比在空气系统中发现，但都基本相似。
液压系统
所有液压制动系统包括流体水库，主缸，液压，液压管路，对制动器进行加压流体软管和一种或各种轮缸（S）对每个车轮产生。分泵扩大流体压力下，迫使制动蹄对鼓内侧。如果使用盘式制动器，卡钳与不可分割气瓶打击转子时施加压力。由于车辆必要可以更迅速，它可以加速到停止，需要大量刹车力。因而，必要减速刹车产生马力发动机作用多次。为了发展须持有对鼓或盘制动器衬片力量，实现受控减速，这是要乘原始力量施加在刹车踏板。
当使用液压系统，机械杠杆是在脚踏板联动。然而，不同分泵或卡尺直径直径，关系到主缸内径，提供了一种额外增长比率。液压系统中，各分泵交付压力，直接影响由活塞地区。例如，如果一种轮缸活塞面积2平方英寸，另一种活塞面积1平方英寸，系统压力为400磅，2平方英寸活塞将针对制动器推一种迫使800
磅。1平方英寸活塞施加一种400磅力量。总泵和分泵地区之间比例拟定在轮缸活塞力量倍增。为保持在头脑，直径较大轮缸，更流畅，必要提供由主缸行程较长研究生转化。请记住，直径较大轮缸，更流畅，必要由主缸提供，以弥补它。这意味着进入一种较长主缸行程。如果主缸孔直径增长和相似申请依然有效，更少压力将在系统开发，但一种更大轮缸活塞可以用来实当前轮缸所需压力。显然，必要更换主缸，轮缸或卡尺相似设计，并作为原单位承担。
液压系统中，各分泵交付压力，直接影响由活塞地区。例如，如果一种轮缸活塞面积2平方英寸，另一种活塞面积1平方英寸，系统压力为400磅，2平方英寸活塞将针对制动鞋推一种迫使800磅。1平方英寸活塞施加一种400磅力量。总泵和分泵地区之间比例拟定在轮缸活塞力量倍增。液压制动系统分割系统，涉及两个谨慎制动电路。一主缸活塞和水库是一种单独活塞及伺服制动器上其她桥（S）水库，用来驱动一轴刹车。虽然罕见，某些轻型制动系统分裂对角线而非桥桥。分割系统因素是，如果一种液压回路泄漏发展，将停止车辆。固然，不应当被驱动车辆远超过必要制动系统修复。当液压回路发生故障，压力差开关感官两个电路之间不平等压力。互换机包括由弹簧片，并在每年年终电触头位于活塞。从一种液压回路中流体压力提供压力差开关一端，并从其她电路压力提供应另一端。随着压力一种电路，其她电路正常压力，迫使活塞失效一边，关闭接触，并照亮仪表板警示灯。动力辅助
协助电力单位，或助推器，减少运营商努力，在刹车踏板。真空助力器，轻型汽车流行，使发动机真空隔膜一侧，对对方大气压力。一种阀门，使真空作用于刹车踏板行程中比例隔膜。这有助于踏板努力，并增长对制动液压力，无需过度增长在踏板努力。其她类型助推器使用液压压力- 无论是从车辆动力转向泵，或从一种单独电动泵，或两者兼而有之- 协助刹车踏板被踩下踏板作用，阀门液压升压室申请增长压力在增长主缸活塞。有些系统使用真空和液压助力。在
其她系统中，从船上压缩机空气压力产生液压系统压力。
阀杆液压制动系统中常用阀门涉及：
?配比，或压力平衡阀门。这些限制液压比例后轮刹车系统压力达到预设高阻值。提高前轮/后轮在高速制动制动平衡时，某些车辆先后重量转移，并有助于防止后轮配料阀高度传感器。也就是说，她们调节后轮制动压力，在车辆荷载响应。随着车辆负载增长（减少高度）液压后轮刹车是不容许；?测光阀门。这些保持了前盘式制动器压力，让后轮鼓式制动蹄克服返回弹簧压力，使接触后鼓。这可以防止锁定在湿滑路面上前刹车灯制动应用。这些阀门不来硬制动过程中发挥作用。
泊车
停车功能液压制动系统之间差别很大。许多轻型车辆使用与后轮鼓式制动器杆和电缆相配合，逐渐加大杆或脚踏拉电缆，这反过来，拉杠杆总成，每个后轮结束客运车类型。杠杆迫使制动蹄外，她们对鼓机械棘轮被释放，直到举起。
其她泊车系统涉及弹簧腔，像那些用于空气制动系统。这是弹簧控制，但由液压脱开而不是空气。
防抱死
许多轻型卡车液压制动，防抱死制动系统上使用后轮保持轻载时，这些车辆制动稳定性。前面和后轮防抱死普通是一种选项，GVWR超过10,000磅车辆，这是需要引导和驱动桥防抱死关闭。在当前液压防抱死系统，转储阀释放压力到一种累加器在即将车轮锁死状况下液压油。
电子控制箱接受来自传感器传播和/或在车轮速度信号（S）。当施加制动，控制箱检测在后轮速度，减少和激活转储阀（S），如果减速率超过预定限制。
控制箱通电一系列流血轮液压迅速脉冲单向阀。继续转储阀是脉冲在防抱死模式，以保持车轮转动，同步保持控制减速。在最后停止，阀门勉励和累加器中任
何液体返回到主缸，恢复正常刹车操作。
基本刹车
在液压系统基本制动器可以是鼓或光盘。在许多应用中，光盘上使用前轴后方鼓。鼓式制动器说是自激。这是由于制动蹄扩大和联系一种旋转滚筒，引导或向前制动蹄被推向对刹车制动箍由移动鼓力量。这个成果在更高衬里鼓比将仅由轮缸产生压力。
随着制动器衬片磨损，必要定期移近鼓，以保证在制动过程中恰当接触。虽然某些旧鼓式制动器总成，手动调节，大某些都是自动。这些使用一种星轮或棘轮大会，这感官分泵时已超过其正常行程前去，并扩大在另一端制动蹄支点。
除了摩擦元素之一，制动鼓或转子也充当散热器。它必要迅速制动过程中吸取热量，并保持它，直到它可以将空气中消散。鼓或转子较重是，它可以容纳更多热量。这是很重要，由于制动器衬片热，她们更容易受到热衰退。热衰退是诱发重复硬盘停止和成果减少鼓形轮子连接摩擦和增长车辆制动距离。作为一项规则，高品质衬里，将显示低于劣质热褪色。此外碟式刹车比鼓式制动器耐热褪色性能更好。
另一种褪色类型，刹车容易褪色水。鼓式制动器，其表面积大，在安全范畴内比盘式制动器每平方英寸之间需要更少衬力和鼓力。加上鼓保水形状，鞋和鼓之间潮湿条件下增进水面滑行。成果是制动距离大大增长。
盘式制动器，具备较小摩擦表面和高夹紧力，做一种良好工作从转子擦水，并显示在潮湿时停止能力几乎没有减少。
HYDRAULIC BRAKE BASICS
Air brakes get more attention，but hydraulic brakes are installed on more vehicles. Understanding how they work is the first step to safe，cost-effective diagnosis and repair.
Ever wonder why there can't be just one kind of brake? It's because air and h ydraulic brakes each have operating characteristics that make one or the other ideal for certain applications.
In heavy-duty combination vehicles，air is the clear choice because of the large volume of liquid that would be needed to acadia all the wheel cylinders. Plus，dealing with gladhands and hoses filled
with hydraulic fluid would be messy.
But for light and medium-duty straight-truck applications, hydraulic brakes offer advantages including: ?Brake feel — that is，as the pedal is pressed farther down，effort increases;
?High line pressures，which permit the use of lighter，more compact braking components; ?Less initial expense，due to smaller and fewer components;
?Cleanliness — hydraulic brakes are closed systems;
?Ease of locating leaks，since fluid is visible.
There are many more permutations of hydraulic brake systems than found in air systems，but all have basic similarities.
THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
All hydraulic brake systems contain a fluid reservoir，a master cylinder，which
produces hydraulic pressure, hydraulic lines and hoses to carry pressurized fluid to the brakes，and one or more wheel cylinder(s) on each wheel.
The wheel cylinders expand under fluid pressure，and force the brake shoes against the insides of the drums. If disc brakes are used，calipers，with integral cylinders，clamp down on the rotors when pressure is applied.
Because a vehicle must be able to stop much more quickly than it can accelerate，a tremendous amount of braking force is needed. Therefore，the retarding horsepower generated by the brakes must be several times that of the engine.
In order to develop the forces required to hold the brake linings against the drums or discs，and to achieve controlled deceleration，it is necessary to multiply the original force applied at the brake pedal. When a hydraulic system is used，the only mechanical leverage is in the foot pedal linkage. However，varying the diameter of the wheel cylinders or caliper diameters，in relation to the master cylinder bore diameter，provides an additional increase in ratio.
In a hydraulic system，the pressure delivered by the various wheel cylinders is directly affected by the areas of their pistons. For example，if one wheel-cylinder piston has an area of 2 square inches，and another piston has an area of 1 square inch，and the system pressure is 400 psi，the 2-square-inch piston will push against the brake shoes with a force of 800 pounds. The 1-square-inch piston will exert a force of 400 pounds. The ratio between the areas of the master cylinder and the wheel cylinders determine the multiplication of force at the wheel cylinder pistons.
Keep in mind that the larger a wheel cylinder's diameter，the more fluid must be supplied by the master cylinder to fill it. This translates into a longer master-cylinder stroke.
If the master cylinder bore diameter is increased and the applying force remains the same，less pressure will be developed in the system，but a larger wheel-cylinder piston can be used to achieve the desired pressure at the wheel cylinder. Obviously，a replacement master cylinder，wheel cylinder or caliper must be of the same design and bore as the original unit.
Hydraulic brake systems are split systems，comprising two discreet braking circuits. One
master-cylinder piston and reservoir is used to actuate the brakes on one axle，with a separate piston and reservoir actuating the brakes on the other axle(s). Although rare，some light-duty brake systems are split diagonally rather than axle by axle.
The reason for the split system is that if a leak develops in one hydraulic circuit，the other will stop the vehicle. Of course，the vehicle shouldn't be driven any farther than necessary to have the brake system repaired.
When one of the hydraulic circuits fails，a pressure-differential switch senses unequal pressure between the two circuits. The switch contains a piston located by a centering spring and electrical contacts at each end. Fluid pressure from one hydraulic circuit is supplied to one end of the pressure-differential switch，and pressure from the other circuit is supplied to the other end. As pressure falls in one circuit，the other circuit's normal pressure forces the piston to the inoperative side，closing the contacts and illuminating a dashboard warning light.
POWER ASSIST
Power assist units，or boosters，reduce operator effort at the brake pedal. Vacuum boosters，popular on light-duty vehicles，make use of an engine vacuum on one side of a diaphragm，and atmospheric pressure on the other side. A valve allows the vacuum to act on the diaphragm in proportion to brake pedal travel. This assists the pedal effort，and allows increased pressure on the brake fluid，without an undue increase in pedal effort.
Other types of boosters use hydraulic pressure — either from the vehicle's power steering pump or from a separate electric pump，or both — to assist pedal effort. As the brake pedal is depressed，a valve increases hydraulic pressure in a boost chamber to apply increased pressure to the master cylinder pistons.
Some systems use both vacuum and hydraulic assist. In other systems，air pressure from an onboard compressor is used to generate hydraulic system pressure.
VALVING
Valves commonly found in hydraulic brake systems include：Proportioning，or pressure-balance valves. These restrict a percentage of hydraulic pressure to the rear brakes when system pressure
reaches a preset high value. This improves front/rear brake balance during high-speed braking，when some of a vehicle's rear weight is transferred forward，and helps prevent rear-wheel lockup. Some proportioning valves are height-sensing. That is，they adjust rear-brake pressure in response to vehicle load. As a vehicle's load increases (decreasing height) more hydraulic pressure to the rear brake s is allowed；Metering valves. These hold off pressure to front disc brakes to allow rear drum brake shoes to overcome return-spring pressure and make contact with the rear drums. This prevents locking the
front brakes on slippery surfaces under light braking applications. These valves do not come into play during hard braking.
PARKING
The parking function varies greatly among hydraulic brake systems. Many light-duty vehicles with rear drum brakes use a passenger-car type lever-and-cable setup. A ratcheted lever or foot pedal pulls a cable，which，in turn，pulls a lever assembly at each rear wheel end. The lever forces the brake shoes apart，and they are mechanically held against the drums until the ratchet is released.
Other parking systems include spring chambers，like those used on air-brake systems. These are spring-engaged，but are disengaged by hydraulic pressure instead of air.
ANTILOCK
On many hydraulically braked light-duty trucks，antilock brakes are used on the rear wheels to preserve braking stability when these vehicles are lightly loaded. Front and rear-wheel antilock is usually an option，except for vehicles over 10,000 pounds GVWR，which are required to have steer and drive-axle antilock. In current hydraulic antilock systems，a dump valve releases pressurized hydraulic fluid into an accumulator in the event of an impending wheel lockup.
An electronic control box receives speed signal(s) from sensors in the transmission and/or at the wheels. When the brakes are applied，the control box senses the decrease in rear wheel speed，and activates the dump valve(s) if the rate of deceleration exceeds a predetermined limit.
毕业论文英文参考文献与译文
Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of
计算机专业外文文献及翻译
微软Visual Studio 1微软Visual Studio Visual Studio 是微软公司推出的开发环境，Visual Studio可以用来创建Windows平台下的Windows应用程序和网络应用程序，也可以用来创建网络服务、智能设备应用程序和Office 插件。Visual Studio是一个来自微软的集成开发环境IDE，它可以用来开发由微软视窗，视窗手机，Windows CE、.NET框架、.NET精简框架和微软的Silverlight支持的控制台和图形用户界面的应用程序以及Windows窗体应用程序，网站，Web应用程序和网络服务中的本地代码连同托管代码。 Visual Studio包含一个由智能感知和代码重构支持的代码编辑器。集成的调试工作既作为一个源代码级调试器又可以作为一台机器级调试器。其他内置工具包括一个窗体设计的GUI应用程序，网页设计师，类设计师，数据库架构设计师。它有几乎各个层面的插件增强功能，包括增加对支持源代码控制系统（如Subversion和Visual SourceSafe）并添加新的工具集设计和可视化编辑器，如特定于域的语言或用于其他方面的软件开发生命周期的工具（例如Team Foundation Server的客户端：团队资源管理器）。 Visual Studio支持不同的编程语言的服务方式的语言，它允许代码编辑器和调试器（在不同程度上）支持几乎所有的编程语言，提供了一个语言特定服务的存在。内置的语言中包括C/C + +中（通过Visual C++）,https://www.360docs.net/doc/2d11886677.html,（通过Visual https://www.360docs.net/doc/2d11886677.html,），C＃中（通过Visual C＃）和F＃（作为Visual Studio 2010），为支持其他语言，如M,Python,和Ruby等，可通过安装单独的语言服务。它也支持的 XML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML ,JavaScript和CSS.为特定用户提供服务的Visual Studio也是存在的：微软Visual Basic，Visual J＃、Visual C＃和Visual C++。 微软提供了“直通车”的Visual Studio 2010组件的Visual Basic和Visual C＃和Visual C + +，和Visual Web Developer版本，不需任何费用。Visual Studio 2010、2008年和2005专业版，以及Visual Studio 2005的特定语言版本（Visual Basic、C++、C＃、J＃），通过微软的下载DreamSpark计划，对学生免费。 2架构 Visual Studio不支持任何编程语言，解决方案或工具本质。相反，它允许插入各种功能。特定的功能是作为一个VS压缩包的代码。安装时，这个功能可以从服务器得到。IDE提供三项服务：SVsSolution，它提供了能够列举的项目和解决方案; SVsUIShell，它提供了窗口和用户界面功能（包括标签，工具栏和工具窗口）和SVsShell，它处理VS压缩包的注册。此外，IDE还可以负责协调和服务之间实现通信。所有的编辑器，设计器，项目类型和其他工具都是VS压缩包存在。Visual Studio 使用COM访问VSPackage。在Visual Studio SDK中还包括了管理软件包框架(MPF)，这是一套管理的允许在写的CLI兼容的语言的任何围绕COM的接口。然而，MPF并不提供所有的Visual Studio COM 功能。
毕业论文外文翻译模版
吉林化工学院理学院 毕业论文外文翻译English Title（Times New Roman ，三号） 学生学号：08810219 学生姓名：袁庚文 专业班级：信息与计算科学0802 指导教师：赵瑛 职称副教授 起止日期：2012.2.27～2012.3.14 吉林化工学院 Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology
1 外文翻译的基本内容 应选择与本课题密切相关的外文文献（学术期刊网上的），译成中文，与原文装订在一起并独立成册。在毕业答辩前，同论文一起上交。译文字数不应少于3000个汉字。 2 书写规范 2.1 外文翻译的正文格式 正文版心设置为：上边距：3.5厘米，下边距：2.5厘米，左边距：3.5厘米，右边距：2厘米，页眉：2.5厘米，页脚：2厘米。 中文部分正文选用模板中的样式所定义的“正文”，每段落首行缩进2字；或者手动设置成每段落首行缩进2字，字体：宋体，字号：小四，行距：多倍行距1.3，间距：前段、后段均为0行。 这部分工作模板中已经自动设置为缺省值。 2.2标题格式 特别注意：各级标题的具体形式可参照外文原文确定。 1．第一级标题（如：第1章绪论）选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题1”，居左；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居左，字号：三号，1.5倍行距，段后11磅，段前为11磅。 2．第二级标题（如：1.2 摘要与关键词）选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题2”，居左；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居左，字号：四号，1.5倍行距，段后为0，段前0.5行。 3．第三级标题（如：1.2.1 摘要）选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题3”，居左；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居左，字号：小四，1.5倍行距，段后为0，段前0.5行。 标题和后面文字之间空一格（半角）。 3 图表及公式等的格式说明 图表、公式、参考文献等的格式详见《吉林化工学院本科学生毕业设计说明书（论文）撰写规范及标准模版》中相关的说明。
大学毕业论文---软件专业外文文献中英文翻译
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本科毕业生外文文献翻译
本科毕业生外文文献翻译
本科毕业生外文文献翻译 学生姓名：李玄彤 指导教师：赵肖宇 所在学院：信息技术学院 专业：通信工程
中国·大庆 2011 年 5 月 [原文] Industrial Ethernet and Intelligent Building 1 Industrial Ethernet the background 1.1 Unified field bus standards dashed, the temptation remains In 1984 the United States proceed to develop international standards field bus, a few years, the major companies for commercial interests, Field bus standards can not always uniform. Through multiple voting, consultation, in January 2000 announced that the field bus international standards IEC61158 will be eight bus (Prefabs, Interfuse, P-NET, World, etc.)
at the same time as international standards (currently has 10 kinds), formed The outcome of a compromise. At the same time, major foreign companies have also launched its own standards, such as LONWORKS, CAN, Japan's Mitsubishi, France Schneider, the current number of bus standards at the same time the situation still exists, they say the openness and interoperability only At the same can be achieved under a bus standard, different standards between the bus is still limited. The interconnection between different bus and can not be guaranteed, so people in their efforts to seek a unified standard field bus, some people have proposed the use of TCP / IP protocol Ethernet. 1.2 The demand for system integration （1）industrial automation control integrated enterprise information is China's national policy to create automation and information technology as an example: In the need to change the business processes of the same time, management information
信工学院毕业设计外文翻译封面完整版
信工学院毕业设计外文 翻译封面 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
毕业设计外文资料翻译 专业名称网络工程 班级学号 学生姓名吕帅 指导教师胡硕 填表日期 2015 年 04 月 02 日 Cryptography isone ofthe maintraditional technology andinformation security technology,it is theShannoninformation theory andcryptography theory andtechnology based on thedigital content protection,theuse ofencryptionmethod to complete,i.e.themultimediadata fileis encrypted into ciphertextafter the release,theillegal attackerappearsin the transmission processcannot obtainconfidentialinformation from thetext,so as to achievethe purpose ofcopyright protection andinformation security.Butthis does not completely solve the problem: the spread ofanencrypted filebecause it is notcomprehensibleand hinderthe multimedia information;on the other hand,through themultimedia informationencryptionis easy to causethe attacker'sattention and curiosity,andthere isthe possibility of cracking,and when theinformation isreceivedanddecrypted,theencryptionthe documentandthe document,will no longer be protected,not spared frompiracy.In other words,cryptographycan protectthe transmissionofcontent,and the contentoncedecryptionwill no longer have theprotection.Therefore,there is an urgent need for areplacementorsupplement thecryptographytechnology,itevencan continue to protect thecontent is decryptedincontent.In this way,people put forward thenewconcept ofdigital watermarking,information hiding.Digital watermark isa new direction in thefield of information security technology,is anewtechnologyto protectcopyright and authentication source andintegrality in theopen network environment,the creation ofinformation andpersonal logocreatorthrough digitalwatermarking system toembed the watermarkcan not be perceivedbypeoplein themedia,peoplecan not perceiveon the face ofthe watermark,onlyspecial detector orcomputer softwarethatcan detect thedigital watermarkhidden.
java毕业论文外文文献翻译
Advantages of Managed Code Microsoft intermediate language shares with Java byte code the idea that it is a low-level language witha simple syntax , which can be very quickly translated intonative machine code. Having this well-defined universal syntax for code has significant advantages. Platform independence First, it means that the same file containing byte code instructions can be placed on any platform; atruntime the final stage of compilation can then be easily accomplished so that the code will run on thatparticular platform. In other words, by compiling to IL we obtain platform independence for .NET, inmuch the same way as compiling to Java byte code gives Java platform independence. Performance improvement IL is actually a bit more ambitious than Java bytecode. IL is always Just-In-Time compiled (known as JIT), whereas Java byte code was ofteninterpreted. One of the disadvantages of Java was that, on execution, the process of translating from Javabyte code to native executable resulted in a loss of performance. Instead of compiling the entire application in one go (which could lead to a slow start-up time), the JITcompiler simply compiles each portion of code as it is called (just-in-time). When code has been compiled.once, the resultant native executable is stored until the application exits, so that it does not need to berecompiled the next time that portion of code is run. Microsoft argues that this process is more efficientthan compiling the entire application code at the start, because of the likelihood that large portions of anyapplication code will not actually be executed in any given run. Using the JIT compiler, such code willnever be compiled.
2021年毕业设计论文外文文献翻译要求及封面
杭州电子科技大学 毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译 毕业设计（论文）题目 液压制动器基本 翻译（1）题目 有用产品 翻译（2）题目 学院机械学院 专业车辆工程 姓名 班级 学号 指引教师
液压制动基本 空气制动系统得到更多关注，但更多车辆上安装液压制动器。理解它们 是如何工作，是安全，具成本效益诊断和修复第一步。 有无想过为什么不能只是其中一种制动？这是由于空气和液压制动器，使一种或某些应用程序其她抱负经营特色。重型组合车辆，空气是明确选取，由于将需要大量液体阿卡迪亚所有分泵。此外，布满液压油与制动分泵和软管将是混乱。但对于轻型和中型卡车直应用，液压制动器提供优势涉及： ?制动感觉- 那就是，踏板越往下压，努力增长;高线压力，容许使用更轻，更紧凑制动组件; ?更少初始费用，由于用更小和更少元件; ?卫生，液压制动器是封闭系统; ?易于定位泄漏，由于液体是可见。液压制动系统有更多排列，比在空气系统中发现，但都基本相似。 液压系统 所有液压制动系统包括流体水库，主缸，液压，液压管路，对制动器进行加压流体软管和一种或各种轮缸（S）对每个车轮产生。分泵扩大流体压力下，迫使制动蹄对鼓内侧。如果使用盘式制动器，卡钳与不可分割气瓶打击转子时施加压力。由于车辆必要可以更迅速，它可以加速到停止，需要大量刹车力。因而，必要减速刹车产生马力发动机作用多次。为了发展须持有对鼓或盘制动器衬片力量，实现受控减速，这是要乘原始力量施加在刹车踏板。 当使用液压系统，机械杠杆是在脚踏板联动。然而，不同分泵或卡尺直径直径，关系到主缸内径，提供了一种额外增长比率。液压系统中，各分泵交付压力，直接影响由活塞地区。例如，如果一种轮缸活塞面积2平方英寸，另一种活塞面积1平方英寸，系统压力为400磅，2平方英寸活塞将针对制动器推一种迫使800
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本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译 院（系部）电气工程与自动化 专业名称电子信息工程 年级班级 04级7班 学生姓名 指导老师
Infrared Remote Control System Abstract Red outside data correspondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique,drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product have cost low, small scaled turn, the baud rate be quick, point to point SSL, be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos etc.characteristics, can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenience, safely exchange and transmission, at short distance wireless deliver aspect to own very obvious of advantage.Along with red outside the data deliver a technique more and more mature, the cost descend, red outside the transceiver necessarily will get at the short distance communication realm more extensive of application. The purpose that design this system is transmit cu stomer’s operation information with infrared rays for transmit media, then demodulate original signal with receive circuit. It use coding chip to modulate signal and use decoding chip to demodulate signal. The coding chip is PT2262 and decoding chip is PT2272. Both chips are made in Taiwan. Main work principle is that we provide to input the information for the PT2262 with coding keyboard. The input information was coded by PT2262 and loading to high frequent load wave whose frequent is 38 kHz, then modulate infrared transmit dioxide and radiate space outside when it attian enough power. The receive circuit receive the signal and demodulate original information. The original signal was decoded by PT2272, so as to drive some circuit to accomplish
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编号： 毕业设计(论文)外文翻译 （原文） 院（系）：应用科技学院 专业：机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名：邓瑜 学号：0501120501 指导教师单位：应用科技学院 姓名：黄小能 职称： 2009年 5 月20 日
The Injection Molding The Introduction of Molds The mold is at the core of a plastic manufacturing process because its cavity gives a part its shape. This makes the mold at least as critical-and many cases more so-for the quality of the end product as, for example, the plasticiting unit or other components of the processing equipment. Mold Material Depending on the processing parameters for the various processing methods as well as the length of the production run, the number of finished products to be produced, molds for plastics processing must satisfy a great variety of requirements. It is therefore not surprising that molds can be made from a very broad spectrum of materials, including-from a technical standpoint-such exotic materials as paper matched and plaster. However, because most processes require high pressures, often combined with high temperatures, metals still represent by far the most important material group, with steel being the predominant metal. It is interesting in this regard that, in many cases, the selection of the mold material is not only a question of material properties and an optimum price-to-performance ratio but also that the methods used to produce the mold, and thus the entire design, can be influenced. A typical example can be seen in the choice between cast metal molds, with their very different cooling systems, compared to machined molds. In addition, the production technique can also have an effect; for instance, it is often reported that, for the sake of simplicity, a prototype mold is frequently machined from solid stock with the aid of the latest technology such as computer-aided (CAD) and computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). In contrast to the previously used methods based on the use of patterns, the use of CAD and CAM often represents the more economical solution today, not only because this production capability is available pin-house but also because with any other technique an order would have to be placed with an outside supplier. Overall, although high-grade materials are often used, as a rule standard materials are used in mold making. New, state-of-the art (high-performance) materials, such as ceramics, for instance, are almost completely absent. This may be related to the fact that their desirable characteristics, such as constant properties up to very high temperatures, are not required on molds, whereas their negative characteristics, e. g. low tensile strength and poor thermal conductivity, have a clearly related to ceramics, such as sintered material, is found in mild making only to a limited degree. This refers less to the modern materials and components
毕业设计外文翻译格式实例.
理工学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 专业：热能与动力工程 姓名：赵海潮 学号：09L0504133 外文出处：Applied Acoustics, 2010(71):701~707 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 基于一维CFD模型下汽车排气消声器的实验研究与预测Takeshi Yasuda, Chaoqun Wua, Noritoshi Nakagawa, Kazuteru Nagamura 摘要目前，利用实验和数值分析法对商用汽车消声器在宽开口喉部加速状态下的排气噪声进行了研究。在加热工况下发动机转速从1000转/分钟加速到6000转/分钟需要30秒。假定其排气消声器的瞬时声学特性符合一维计算流体力学模型。为了验证模拟仿真的结果，我们在符合日本工业标准（JIS D 1616）的消声室内测量了排气消声器的瞬态声学特性，结果发现在二阶发动机转速频率下仿真结果和实验结果非常吻合。但在发动机高阶转速下（从5000到6000转每分钟的四阶转速，从4200到6000转每分钟的六阶转速这样的高转速范围内），计算结果和实验结果出现了较大差异。根据结果分析，差异的产生是由于在模拟仿真中忽略了流动噪声的影响。为了满足市场需求，研究者在一维计算流体力学模型的基础上提出了一个具有可靠准确度的简化模型，相对标准化模型而言该模型能节省超过90％的执行时间。 关键字消声器排气噪声优化设计瞬态声学性能 1 引言 汽车排气消声器广泛用于减小汽车发动机及汽车其他主要部位产生的噪声。一般而言，消声器的设计应该满足以下两个条件：（1）能够衰减高频噪声，这是消声器的最基本要求。排气消声器应该有特定的消声频率范围，尤其是低频率范围，因为我们都知道大部分的噪声被限制在发动机的转动频率和它的前几阶范围内。（2）最小背压，背压代表施加在发动机排气消声器上额外的静压力。最小背压应该保持在最低限度内，因为大的背压会降低容积效率和提高耗油量。对消声器而言，这两个重要的设计要求往往是互相冲突的。对于给定的消声器，利用实验的方法，根据距离尾管500毫米且与尾管轴向成45°处声压等级相近的排气噪声来评估其噪声衰减性能，利用压力传感器可以很容易地检测背压。 近几十年来，在预测排气噪声方面广泛应用的方法有：传递矩阵法、有限元法、边界元法和计算流体力学法。其中最常用的方法是传递矩阵法（也叫四端网络法）。该方