高英习题

Lesson 10

Ⅳ. 1. At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.

2. In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.

3. The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.

4. In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.

5. The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.

6. Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.

7. The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.

8. These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.

9. The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.

10. (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.

11. It was only natural that hopeful young writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbittry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.

12. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.

Ⅵ.1. flapper: (Americanism) (in the 1920s) a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress

2. provincial: narrow, limited like that of rural provinces

3. code: any set of principles or rules of conduct; a moral code

4. Prohibition: the forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic liquors for beverage purposes~ specifically in the U. S., the period (1920-1933) of prohibition by Federal law

5. agent: an active force or substance producing an effect , e.g. , a chemical agent

6. orgy: any wild, riotous, licentious merrymaking; debauchery

7. Greenwich Village : section of New York City, on the lower west side of Manhattan: noted as a center for artists, writers, etc.

8. draft : the choosing or taking of an individual or individuals from a group for some special purpose, especially for compulsory military service

9. distinction: the quality that makes one seem superior or worthy of special recognition

10. action: military combat in general

11. whip up: rouse; excite

12. give: bend, sink, move, break down, yield, etc. from force or pressure

13．burden：repeated，central idea；theme

14．keep up with the Joneses：strive to get all the material things one’s neighbors or associates have

15．write off：drop from consideration

Ⅶ.1．speakeasy：a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegally，esp．such a place in the U．S．during Prohibition

2．sheik：a masterful man to Whom women are supposed to be irresistibly attracted

3．drugstore cowboy：A western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures

4．soap opera：a daytime radio or television serial drama of a highly melodramatic，sentimental nature．It has been so called since many original sponsors were soap companies．

5．Babbittry： a smugly conventional person interested chiefly in business and social success and indifferent to cultural values

6．fast： living in a reckless，wild，dissipated way

7．boobery：same as Babbittry，smug，self—satisfied，conformist in cultural matters

一旦这些满腔热血的年轻人饱尝了二十世纪战争的滋味以后，那种纵情狂欢的兴致和要从事轰轰烈烈的军事冒险的热情自然很快就烟消云散了。他们可以永远感到光荣，因为他们在战场上表现得很出色，但是1919年从战场上回来的却是一批已经发生了很大变化的士兵。大学兵团的士兵们更是如此。他们在理想主义的感召下很早就到军中服役，可渭是屡经沙场。对他们来说，回到几乎没有受到战争的任何影响的故乡是一件痛苦的事，因为在那里，人们仍在像庆祝独立日时那样天真地大唱爱国的高调，而这是他们自己两三年前也曾犯过的错误。更令他们痛苦的是，他们发现自己原来的工作已被留在家里的人夺占了。而当时又正值经济萧条时期，新的工作无法找到，现有的工作机会本就为数不多，而且人们又宁愿聘用非退伍军人，而把退伍军人看作难对付的孩子，不愿

聘用。就连他们自己的家对他们来说也常常是不舒服的；他们再也不能适应家

乡和家庭了，并且萌生出一种突如其来的、迷惘的厌世之感。这种感觉不论是

他们自己还是他们的亲友都不能理解。战争激起了他们的劲头，打掉了他们的

天真幼稚。而现在，在遍布全国的沉睡的、落后的地方，到处都要求他们抑制

他们的劲头，并恢复那种自欺欺人的、维多利亚式的天真无邪的态度。但是他

们现在觉得这种态度同那种说什么他们的战斗已“使民主在这个世界有了保障”的论调一样，都是陈旧过时的。再者，似乎家乡的情况还不够受的，退伍军人

还得面对凡尔赛和约那种愚蠢的、拿破仑式的犬儒主义、禁酒法令那种虚伪的

行善主义，以及那些发了战争财的人们的洋洋自得的爱国主义。那些气鼓鼓的

美国青年的不满迟早要爆发出来。在经过一段短暂的强烈的怨忿之后，它终于

以一种彻底推翻温文尔雅的行为规范的形式而爆发出来了。

Lesson11

Ⅳ. 1. The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.

2. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.

3. There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).

4. The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale and the English do not like or trust bigness.

5. At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success

of Admass, Englishness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.

6. Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.

7. To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~

8. I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.

9. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.

10. These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.

11. They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.

12. They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.

13. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help

a person to build up any self-respect.

14. These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.

15. If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.

Ⅵ. 1. reservoir: a supply; especially an extra or reserve supply

2. draw on: obtain something from a reserve, store, etc.

3. shop steward： a person chosen by his fellow trade unionists in an industrial establishment to speak for them to the management and to watch over their interests

4. board, board of managers; governing board of a factory

5. scale, proportion ; relative dimensions

6. keep clear of- avoid, refrain from

7. overdraft: a withdrawal of money from a bank in excess of the amount credited to the drawer; the amount with-drawn in excess

8. catch：a deception ; surprise ; a hidden qualification ; tricky condition

9．walk—out：a strike(generally spontaneous and 0f a short duration)

1 0．van：the foremost position in a line，movement，field of endeavor，etc． 11．count：(1egal term)any of the charges in an indictment， each of which gives a reason and is sufficient for prosecution

12．junk：(colloquial)useless—or worthless stuff；trash；rubbish，etc．

13．articulate：expressing oneself easily and clearly

14．conforming to Madison Avenue：adapting to Admassian life styles as advocated by Madison Avenue

15．ungovernable：unruly；(hair)that is difficult to comb down

Ⅷ．1．feel at home: be at their ease

2．hold fast to : remain loyal and firm to

3．shrugging off: dismissing or throwing away lightly

4．sweating your guts off：overworking

5．swaggered around: boasted and behaved in a superior manner

6．swing: to win 7．clear out：to get out； leave

8. slopping around: loafing around doing nothing

9．booze: drink 10．chaps: people

一支迟到战场的大部队的指挥官在差不多最后一刻决定倒戈，从而决定了某些

战役的胜败。我觉得英国工人中很有势力的一部分人和他们的工会头头们跟那

个指挥官在下决心前的处境相同。这些人相信，如果“美好的生活”已经到来，那么现在就是他们分享的时候了。但是他们身上残存的一些英国人特性却暗示

了“这里面怕是有鬼”。仅仅因为老板们在搞“人时”生产力的把戏而把你们

累得半死不活，这就算是什么“美好的生活”吗?不论怎么说，这一切只不过是一场骗局。如果我们不像老一辈们过去那样工作，就生产不出过去要求他们生

产的那种货真价实的东西来。现在要紧的是利润，而不是产品。有一半的时候

我们在骗工头，工头在骗经理，经理在骗顾客。好吧，假如我们要的是工作时

间短、假期长、工资高——那么我们所要的就是广告里宣传的“美好生活”。

抑或我们是在自己骗自己?

我现在并不是在故弄玄虚地说，在英国所有的工业部门都有这种议论。可

以肯定地说，在对自己现在从事的工作有一种真正的自豪一即使是如今已不时

兴的那种自豪～的部门，这种议论是没有的。但恰恰就是在那种最赚钱、最单

调乏味、麻烦最多、“工业行动”最多，老实说．即商业广告推销最厉害的地方，人们有类似这样的议论、想法或感触。在无休止的争吵，突然的罢工，让

许多外国评论家迷惑不解的咄咄逼人的固执背后是这样一种矛盾：一方面是商

业广告推销，向你提供众多的东西；一方面是英国人特性，本能地对这种商业

广告推销的价值观和生活方式感到反感。当然，在经理人员中也有人可能意识

到这种矛盾在自己身上也存在，但大概不会那么尖锐，因为通过商业广告推销，他们得利较大，而他们的本能感觉又不那么强烈。除了这种矛盾外，还有别的

东西在使比较有势力的工会里的不少官员和会员感到不安。由于这种东西几乎

从来不公开讨论，因此更令人担心。这就是这些庞大组织的异常地位。这些组

织到底是什么呢?一会儿他们说他们的存在就是为了谈判工资额、工作时间和工作条件，一会儿他们的言论和行为似乎预示着这个国家正在走向工联主义，而

他们就是先锋。过一个星期他们又会倒回去扮演他们那种纯粹是谈判的角色。

他们使我们其余的人觉得要么他们应该起更重要的作用，可能的话更有创新精神。要么起不那么重要的作用，只管他们自己的事。而现在，他们就像只河马

闯进闯出玩赏动物的茶会。不仅如此，他们迟早要解决这种商业广告推销和他

们残存的一些英国人特性之间的矛盾，下决心站到这一边或那一边，因为他们

不能同时享有二者。英国人的未来也许要取决于这个决定。