称谓翻译有讲究 各种

称谓翻译有讲究 各种
称谓翻译有讲究 各种

称谓翻译有讲究各种“副”职译法大不同

2012年11月14日09:27沪江英语网我要评论(0)

字号:T|T

"副"字在英语中可以用vice、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub 等词表示。

副总裁Vice President

国防部副部长(美国)Deputy Secretary of Defence

副总经理Assistant General Manager

副国务卿Under Secretary of State

副州长(副总督) Lieutenant Governor

(学院)副院长Sub-dean of School

根据我国的翻译实践,表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别,在实际使用时究竟选用哪个,纯属搭配习惯。一般来说,vice与president、premier、chairman、minister、governor 搭配;deputy 与director、chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。似乎可以认为,Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。如:

国家副主席(或大学副校长)Vice President

副主席(或系副主任等)Vice Chairman

副总理Vice Premier

副部长Vice Minister

副省长Vice Governor

副领事Vice Consul

副校长(中小学)Vice Principal

以下情况常用Deputy:

副局长Deputy Director

副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General

副书记Deputy Secretary

副市长Deputy Mayor

副县长Deputy Chief Executive

副村长Deputy Village Head

副院长(学院)Deputy Dean

副总编Deputy Editor-in-Chief

associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。

副教授Associate Professor

副研究员Associate Research Fellow

副主编Associate Editor-in-Chief

副编审Associate Senior Editor

副研究馆员Associate Research Fellow

副译审Associate Senior Translator

副主任医师Associate Senior Doctor

Assistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理Assistant Manager

但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别?

要弄清以上情况,先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等

无论是美国政府还是企业机构几乎都是一样,即Deputy 作为第一副职,往往只设一个,而Assistant 却可以有多个。比如在一家美国公司里,既有Deputy General Manager,又有Assistant General Manager,都可以译成"副总经理",但其地位是前者(相当于我们的常务副总)高于后者。

至于比“副总经理”地位更低的“总经理助理”,则可译为:Assistant to General Manager。如:总经理私人助理-Personal Assistant to GM、总经理特别助理

-Special Assistant to GM。

在我国的行政机构内,"助理"往往指的是未经过立法机关认可的副职,如“市长助理”,其职责和级别相当于副市长,但地位显然低一些。这跟英语中的情况是相似的,本来也可套用上述译法,即将常务副市长、副市长、市长助理分别译作:Deputy Mayor、Assistant Mayor、Assistant to Mayor。但是,我们已经习惯于将“副市长” 统统译成Deputy Mayor, “市长助理” 译成Assistant Mayor,而将“常务副市长” 译成First Deputy Mayor,此种译法已广泛接受,不宜改译。

·水落石出

有人照字直译为:As thewater level sinks, the stones are exposed。

这样说,恐怕老外还是听不懂。他们的说法是:

All secrets may eventually come tolight. (所有祕密最后总会曝光。)

也可以说:

Eventually, every secret will bedisclosed。

·烈火炼真金,患难见真情

有人译成:Fire is the test of gold;adversity is the test of friendship。

这句译文,虽然很好,老外也能了解,但是他们还有另外的说法:

Liquor brings out a person's truecolor。(烈酒能显示一个人真正的特色)

或者说:

Wine reveals a person's true heart。

虽然老外不用“烈火炼真金”的比喻,但有“路遥知马力”的说法:

By a long road, we know a horse'sstrength;at times of difficulty, we discover a friend's true character。

·雷声大,雨点小

有人译为:

The thunder roars loudly, but little rain falls. 或者说:All we hear isthunder, but no rain falls。

虽然这样直译比较容易理解,但是老外的说法是这样的:

Actions speak louder than words. (行动胜于言谈)

或Allwe hear is words, but there is no action. (只动嘴不动手)

或Actionsand words should go hand in hand. (言行必须一致)

另外,还有英语(论坛)里还有这样的说法:

An empty barrel makes biggest sound。(空洞的话说得太多了。)

·人不可貌相,海水不可斗量

有人译为:

A man can not be known by his look, nor can the ocean be measured by a dipper。

这样的译法只是直译,如果能够稍加修改,老外就能了解:

A man can not be judged by his appearance, nor can the water in the sea b emeasured by a bucket。

不过,老外通常的说法是这样的:

We can not judge a person by appearance only. 或You can notjudge a book by its cover。

(意思是:一本书的好坏取决于它的内容,而不是它的封面装帧的漂亮与否。)

·少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲

有人译成If you neglect study when you are young, what may happento your old age?

这句问句会把老外问得云里雾里,因为他们沒有“学而优则仕”的思想,也不认为功课差,将来就会伤悲。他们劝告子女经常说的是Studying / working hard can lead you to a br ighter / morepromising future. (努力用功会带给你光明的前程。)

当然也可以对年轻人说:

Study hard when you are young. It willpay off when you get older. (年轻时好

好努力,到老的时就会觉得学有所值。)

·一日为师,终身为父

有这样的译法:

He who teaches me for one day is myfather for life。

If you are my teacher for even one day,you will be my teacher (mentor) all m y life。

He who teaches me may be considered myfather-figure for life。

这几种译法意思都是“老师即使对我只有一天的教诲,也会让我一生都受用不尽。”外国人也有他们表达师生关系的谚语,如:

Teach others to fish and they will fishfor a lifetime. (授人以鱼,不如授人以渔) Give a man fish, he will have a meal;teach him to fish, he will have food all his life。

·近墨者黑,近朱者赤

有人直译为:

One who stays near vermilion getsstained red, and one who stays near ink g ets stained black. (vermilion 是朱砂或鲜红色的意思)

也有人译成:

When you touch black, you become black;when you touch red, you become r ed。

这种说法,恐怕老外一时无法理解真正含意。不过他们倒有这么说:

One takes the behavior of one'scompany. (一个人的行为,往往受到朋友的影响。)或

One takes on the attributes of one'sassociates. (attributes 复数時是指品质、特性;associates 指朋友、同事)

简单的说,就是:

Watch the company you keep! (小心交朋友!)

或者也可以说成:

As he who lies with dogs will ride withfleas, how could your son learn anythin

g good by mixing with those people? (你儿子跟那些人混在一起,能学出个好来?)(

朱自清(Zhu Ziqing)的《背影》(The Sight of Father’s Back)

原文:我看那边月台的栅栏外有几个卖东西的等着顾客。走到那边月台,须穿过铁道,须跳下去又爬上去。父亲是一个胖子,走过去自然要费些事。我本来要去的,他不肯,只好让他去。

译文:I caught sight of several vendors waiting for customers outside the railings beyond a platform. But to reach that platform would require crossing the railway track and doing some climbing up and down. That would be a strenuous job for father, who was fat. I wanted to do all that myself, but he stopped me, so I could do nothing but let him go.

张培基先生在这里没有用普通的see,watch,look,而是用了catch sight of (看到,瞥见)。用sight来表达“看见”的词组常用的有以下几种:

* at first sight 乍一看,一见之下;立即

At first sight the difficulty looks greater than it really is.

乍看起来困难较大,但实际上并非如此。

* at(或on,upon)sight 一见(就)

The guard had orders to shoot on sight.

哨兵奉命见对象就开枪。

* catch sight of 看到,发现;意识到

catch sight of oneself in the mirror 在镜中看到自己

* in(或within)sight 看得见,被见到

No vehicle is in sight.

车子一辆也看不见。

* in sight of 在看得到……的地方;到看得见……的程度

We came in sight of the shore at midday.

中午时分,我们见到了海岸。

* lose sight of 不再看见

We lost sight of the boat in the fog.

雾中,我们再也看不到那条小船。

原文:他和我走到车上,将橘子一股脑儿放在我的皮大衣上。于是扑扑衣上的泥土,心里很轻松似的,过一会说,“我走了;到那边来信!”我望着他走出去。

译文:After boarding the train with me, he laid all the tangerines on my overcoat, and patting the dirt off his clothes, he looked somewhat relieved and said after a while, “I must be going now. Don’t forget to write me from Beijing!” I gazed after his back retreating out of the carriage.

“我望着他”译为I gazed after his back“看着他的背影”。总结一组近义词吧~

Look; gaze; glance; glare; ogle; peep; scan; stare

* look 看;注视

Look at this painting!

看这幅画!

* gaze (长时间)凝视,注视(具有吸引力的人或物)

We gazed at the majesty of the mountains.

我们凝望着雄伟的山脉。

* glance 扫视;瞥见;匆匆一看

I glanced back over my shoulder to make sure that no one was following me.

我朝背后瞥了一眼,以确信没有人在跟踪我。

* glare 怒目而视

John glared at me when I mentioned his wife.

我提到他妻子时,约翰愤怒地瞪着我。

* ogle 送秋波,抛媚眼;色迷迷地看

She is fed up with being ogled by strange men.

她极其厌烦被陌生男人色迷迷地盯着看。

* peep 快速地看;瞥见

She peeped at him through her fringe.

她透过额发瞥了他一眼。

* scan 浏览;扫视;审视(有时可与glance互换使用)

She was anxiously scanning the newspaper to see if her name was mentioned.

她急切地浏览着报纸,看自己的名字有没有被提到。

* stare (长时间地,有时指无礼地)盯着看,注视

He could not help staring at her.

他忍不住盯着她看。

1. Stop flattering me like that.

别再那样拍我马屁。

flatter:阿谀奉承,表贬义。

eg:I always distrust people who try to flatter me.

我总是不信任想奉承我的人。

2. I don't like Peter. He's such a brown-noser.

我不喜欢彼得。他真是个马屁精。

brown-noser:马屁精,是形容一个人爱巴结讨好人家,甘愿亲人家的屁股,结果亲到鼻子都变咖啡色了。这就是brown-noser的来源。

eg:You're such a brown-noser!

你真是个马屁精!

3. I know he's trying to butter me up, but I'm not buying it.

我知道他想要拍我马屁,但我才不吃那一套。

butter sb up就是过分的奉承,就像黄油很滑溜,就像那些奉承别人的话听起来那样顺耳。

eg:Harry is working hard to butter the boss up to get that promotion.

哈里为了被提升,正在想方设法地对老板拍马奉承。

4. In order to get the promotion, she kept apple-polishing the manager.

为了升迁,她一直在拍经理的马屁。

apple-polishing表示将苹果抛光,意为取悦别人,apple-polisher即为马屁精的意思。eg:When you please your boss, you're apple polishing.

若你取悦你的老板,你就在拍马屁。

5. He started sucking up to the boss as soon as he got on board.

他一来公司就开始拍老板的马屁。

suck up就是试图得宠于某人,或者是巴结某人,拍某人的马屁。

eg:Stop sucking up to Harry!

停止向哈利拍马屁吧!

厕所

在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做men…s room 或ladies… room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫lavatory,在军中又叫latrine。至于W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。

解小便

最普通的说法是to urinate(名词是urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:「Will (could)you urinate in this cup?」医生或许也会问:「Do you have trouble urinating?」=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)

此外,还有其他的说法:to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。例如:

I need to piss = I have to take a leak.

How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)

此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是bath room 或toilet 的意思(也叫outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做john。例如:

There are several (portable)johns in the construction site.(在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。)

He went to the john a few minutes ago.(他在几分钟前上了厕所。)

The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.(劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。)

不过,小孩多半用to pee 。例如:

The boy needs to pee.

然而,「小便检查」又叫做urine test,因为这里的urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:

Do I need a urine test?

注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。例如:

He pissed me off. = He made me angry.

He always pisses off (at)the society.(对社会不满)

如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:

My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)

I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫)(pus = cloudy; air = bubble)

I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)

I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)

解大便

一般是用to make(或have)a bowel movement 或to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是「大肠在转动」)

此外,还有其他的说法:to defecate =to dis charge excrement(或feces)=to take feces (或faeces)。例如:

The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)

不过,小孩多半是用to make a poo poo 或to make a BM. 。例如:

The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)

但是「大便检查」倒叫做stool exam,因为stool 也是一种化验的样品。例如:

The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)

放屁

在美语里最常用的是to expel gas 或to fart 或to make (或pass)gas。例如:

医生有时问:「How often do you expel(或make 或pass)gas?」(你放屁的次数很多吗?)

Is the gas expelled by belching?(是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?)(动词是belch)

He said the more he ate, the more he farted.(吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。)

He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.(过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。)

Be careful not to fart in the public.(注意在公共场所不可放屁。)

至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。例如:

I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)

Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.(胃不舒服有两星期了。)

He has(persistent)constipation.(或irregularity)(他经常便秘。) 或

He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或

He is having problem with irregularity.(或constipation); 或He has no bowel movement for the past few days.

He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.(他拉了一阵肚子。)

He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或bowel movement)(大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。)

不管在哪里,关系再好的两个人也会有闹矛盾、吵架的时候。在办公室跟同事闹意见了以后又想跟人家讲和,这个时候要怎么说呢?下面这些就是讲和的时候可能会用到的句子。Don't get so uptight.

别太当真嘛。

Don't get so worked up.

放松点儿。

Don't be so stiff.

别这么较真儿。

Loosen up.

放松点。

I didn't mean to hurt you./ I meant no harm.

我没有故意伤害你的意思。

Can't we talk it over?

我们就不能好好谈谈吗?

Let's work it out.

我们好好解决这件事吧!

Let?s try to get along.

我们试着好好相处吧。

Let?s be nice to each other.

我们还是以礼相待吧。

Let's forgive and forget!

过去的事就让它过去吧。

Let by gones be bygones.

过去的就让它过去吧。

Can't we patch things up?

我们就不能和好吗?

Isn't there any way we can patch things up?

就没有什么办法让我们和好吗?

It might look like something the doctor ordered for a neck injury.

看起来是不是很像脖子受伤时遵医嘱带的设备?

But this odd contraption could provide a solution for commuters faced with the embarrassing problem of falling asleep on fellow passengers.

但这款看起来有点奇怪的装置,能为通勤的上班族解决一个非常尴尬的问题:他们再也不会睡着歪倒在旁边乘客的身上了。

According to manufacturers, The UpRight Sleeper, allows the user a 'peaceful slumber while sitting up straight in a car, train or plane'. It is the latest in a line

of so called 'snooze access ories'.

根据生产商的介绍,这款名叫“直立睡眠器” 的贪睡支架可以让使用者“在车里和飞机上身体保持直立状态也能享受舒适睡眠”。这款产品是该公司生产的一系列“贪睡神器” 的最新设计。

The £25 frame contraption, which looks remarkably similar to a neck brace, is adjustable so it can sit under the chin or go up around the forehead.

这款支架售价25英镑,看起来非常像颈托,位置可以低至下巴可以高到额头附近,使用者可以根据自己的习惯自行调节。

It moves around to accommodate different head shapes and sizes, and a back strap is fitted between the wearer's back and seat to keep everything in place.

贪睡支架可以灵活进行调整,可适用于各种不同的头部形状和尺寸,后面还有一根肩带可以将佩带者的背部和座椅固定在恰当位置。

It promises to revolutionise the way people sleep while travelling and put an end to embarrassingly falling asleep on the shoulder of fellow passengers or having to use a table as a pillow on planes and trains.

这款产品宣称要改变人们在旅途中的睡觉方式:人们再也不会遭遇睡着后歪到旁边乘客肩膀上的尴尬,在飞机或火车上睡觉的时候也不用趴在桌子上。

A spokesperson for the firm said: 'It?s 100 per cent adjustable for every face shape and size.

该公司的发言人表示:“这个支架可以完全适合所有脸型和大小。”

You simply throw the strap over your head. Tilt your head upward. Trap the strap, which is patented, between your back and the seat. Lean back, relax your head and go to sleep.'

“你只要简单地用肩带将自己的头部固定住就行。头部保持直立状态,在背部和座位之间系上肩带(这是我们的专利产品),身体靠在椅背上,头部放松就可以入睡了。”

The bizarre product is even available with a decorative cover.

这款奇怪的产品甚至还有一个装饰用的罩子可以选择使用。

超实用称谓翻译大全

超实用称谓翻译大全 常用称谓 校长(大学)President eg:president of Beijing University 校长(中小学)Principal /Headmaster eg:principal/headmaster of Fudan Middle School 院长(大学下属)Dean eg:dean of the Graduate School 系主任(大学学院下属)Chair/Chairman eg:chair/chairman of the English Department 会长/主席(学/协会)President eg:president of the Student Union, Shanghai University

厂长(企业)Director eg:director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant 院长(医院)President eg:president of Huashan Hospital 主任(中心)Director eg:director of the Business Center 主任(行政)Director eg:director of Foreign Affairs Office 董事长(企业)President/Chairman eg:president/chairman of the Board of Directors 董事长(学校)President/Chairman eg:president/chairman of the Board of Trustees

称谓翻译

称谓翻译有讲究各种“副”职译法大不同 "副"字在英语中可以用vice、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub 等词表示。 副总裁Vice President 国防部副部长(美国)Deputy Secretary of Defence 副总经理Assistant General Manager 副国务卿Under Secretary of State 副州长(副总督) Lieutenant Governor (学院)副院长Sub-dean of School 根据我国的翻译实践,表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别,在实际使用时究竟选用哪个,纯属搭配习惯。一般来说,vice与president、premier、chairman、minister、governor 搭配;deputy 与director、chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。似乎可以认为,Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。如: 国家副主席(或大学副校长)Vice President 副主席(或系副主任等)Vice Chairman 副总理Vice Premier 副部长Vice Minister 副省长Vice Governor 副领事Vice Consul 副校长(中小学)Vice Principal 以下情况常用Deputy: 副局长Deputy Director 副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General

副书记Deputy Secretary 副市长Deputy Mayor 副县长Deputy Chief Executive 副村长Deputy Village Head 副院长(学院)Deputy Dean 副总编Deputy Editor-in-Chief associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。 副教授Associate Professor 副研究员Associate Research Fellow 副主编Associate Editor-in-Chief 副编审Associate Senior Editor 副研究馆员Associate Research Fellow 副译审Associate Senior Translator 副主任医师Associate Senior Doctor Assistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理Assistant Manager 但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别? 要弄清以上情况,先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等 无论是美国政府还是企业机构几乎都是一样,即Deputy 作为第一副职,往往只设一个,而Assistant 却可以有多个。比如在一家美国公司里,既有Deputy

职称英文翻译

公司企业常见部门名称英文 总公司Head Office 分公司Branch Office 营业部Business Office 人事部Personnel Department (人力资源部)Human Resources Department 总务部General Affairs Department 财务部General Accounting Department 销售部Sales Department 促销部Sales Promotion Department 国际部International Department 出口部Export Department 进口部Import Department 公共关系Public Relations Department 广告部Advertising Department 企划部Planning Department 产品开发部Product Development Department 研发部Research and Development Department(R&D) 秘书室Secretarial Pool 常见职位、职务英文译名 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员

个人简历各种获奖中英文称号

个人简历——各类奖学金、各种称号、各种职位中英文对照 个人简历——各类奖学金、各种称号、各种职位中英文对照: 一、国家及校级奖项、称号 国家奖学金 National Scholarship 国家励志奖学金 National Encouragement scholarship 三好学生标兵 Pacemaker to Merit Student 三好学生 Merit Student 学习优秀生 Model Student of Academic Records 突出才能奖 Model Student of Outstanding Capacity 先进个人 Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student 优秀工作者 Excellent staff 优秀学生干部 Excellent Student Cadre 优秀共青团员 Excellent League Member 优秀毕业生 Outstanding Graduates 优秀志愿者 Outstanding Volunteer 先进班集体 Advanced Class 优秀团干 Outstanding League Cadres 学生协会优秀干部 Outstanding cadres of Student Association 学生协会工作优秀个人 Outstanding Individual of Student Association 精神文明先进个人 Spiritual Advanced Individual 社会工作先进个人 Advanced Individual of Social Work 文体活动先进个人 Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities 道德风尚奖 Ethic Award 精神文明奖 High Morality Prize 最佳组织奖 Prize for The Best Organization 突出贡献奖 Prize for The Outstanding Contribution 工作创新奖 Prize for The Creative Working 团队建设奖 Prize for The Team Contribution 二、各系比赛与奖项 外语系(Foreign Language Department): 话剧比赛 Drama competition 英语演讲比赛 English Speech Contest 八系辩论赛 Eight Departments Invitational Debate Competition 黑板报设计大赛 Blackboard Poster Design Contest PPT设计大赛 Courseware Design Competition 文明宿舍 Outstanding Dormitory OK杯篮球比赛 OK Cup for Basketball Game 我心飞扬歌唱比赛“My Heart Flies” Singing Competition

各种职称英文名称

文教、科技有关部门常见职衔与职称英文翻译 (大学)校长President/Chancellor (大学)副校长Vice President (大学)代理校长Acting President (中学)校长Principal (小学)校长Head /Master 学院院长Dean of College/Head of College 教务长Dean/Director of Teaching Affairs 总务长Director in Charge of General Affairs 系主任Department Chairman /Department Head 教研室主任Head of the Teaching and Research Section 实验室主任Laboratory Chief 教导主任Director of Teaching and 班主任Discipline Class Adviser/Head Teacher 教授Professor 副教授Associate Professor 客座教授Visiting Professor/Guest Professor 兼职教授Part-time Professor 名誉教授Honorary Professor 终身教授Lifetime Professor 外籍教授Foreign Professor 研究生指导教师Graduate Teacher/Research Supervisor 讲师Lecturer/Instructor

助教Teaching Assistant (T.A.) 实验员Laboratory Technician 图书馆员Librarian 研究所所长Institute Director 研究员Research Fellow/Researcher 副研究员Associate Research Fellow / Associate Researcher 助研Research Assistant 资料员Data Processor 总工程师Chief Engineer 副总工程师Assistant Chief Engineer 高级工程师Senior Engineer 工程师Engineer 助工Assistant Engineer 技术员Technician 技师Skilled Technician 董事长Chairman of the Board /Chairman 董事/理事Director 副董事Associate Director 高级会计师Senior Accountant 注册会计师(美国)Chartered Accountant 注册会计师(美国)Certified Public Accountant(CPA) 助理会计师Assistant Accountant

各类荣誉英文翻译

第一名The First Prize 第二名The Second Prize 第三名The Third Prize 三好学生标兵Pacemaker to Merit Student 三好学生Merit Student 学习优秀生Model Student of Academic Records 突出才能奖Model Student of Outstanding Capacity 先进个人Advanced Individual/Outstanding Student 优秀工作者Excellent staff 优秀学生干部Excellent Student Cadre 优秀共青团员Excellent League Member 优秀毕业生Outstanding Graduates 优秀志愿者Outstanding Volunteer 先进班集体Advanced Class 优秀团干Outstanding League Cadres 学生协会优秀干部Outstanding cadres of Student Association 学生协会工作优秀个人Outstanding Individual of Student Association 精神文明先进个人Spiritual Advanced Individual 社会工作先进个人Advanced Individual of Social Work 文体活动先进个人Advanced Individual of Cultural and sports activities 道德风尚奖Ethic Award 精神文明奖 最佳组织奖 突出贡献奖 工作创新奖High Morality Prize Prize for The Best Organization Prize for The Outstanding Contribution Prize for The Creative Working 团队建设奖Prize for The Team Contribution 体育道德风尚奖PE Morality Award 优秀指导教师奖Excellent Guide Teacher Award 突出贡献奖Outstanding Contribution Award 工作创新奖Innovation Award 团队建设奖Teamwork Award 最佳台风奖Best Stage Style Award 最佳人气奖Best Popularity Award 优秀组织奖Outstanding Organization Award 最佳创意奖Best Creativity Award 优秀团体奖Excellent Group Award 优秀节目奖Best Program Award 十佳新秀奖Top Ten Outstanding Rising Stars Award 最具潜质奖Most Potentiality Award 最佳才艺奖Outstanding Talent Award 最佳气质奖Outstanding Quality Award 最佳口才奖Best Eloquence Award 最佳演员奖Best Actor Award

口译中的中文称谓

我国有一些常见的荣誉称号(honorary title) 在许多英语国家没有对应的表达语,现列举部分英译供参考: 标兵pacemaker 学习标兵student pacemaker; model student 劳动模范model worker 模范教师model teacher 优秀教师excellent teacher 优秀员工outstanding employee; employee of the month / year 青年标兵model youth / youth pacemaker 青年突击手youth shock worker 三好学生"triple-A" outstanding student; outstanding student 三八妇女红旗手"March 8th Red Banner" outstanding woman pacemaker 校长(大学)President of Beijing University 校长(中小学)Principal /Headmaster of Donghai Middle School 院长(大学下属)Dean of the Graduate School 系主任(大学学院下属)Chair/Chairman of the English Department 会长/主席(学/协会)President of the Student Union, Shanghai University 厂长(企业)Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant 院长(医院)President of Huadong Hospital 主任(中心)Director of the Business Center 主任(行政)Director of Foreign Affairs Office 董事长(企业)President/Chairman of the Board of Directors 董事长(学校)President/Chairman of the Board of Trustees 首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有chief general, head , managing 这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯: 总书记general secretary 总工程师chief engineer 总会计师chief accountant 总建筑师chief architect 总编辑chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor 总出纳chief cashier; general cashier 总裁判chief referee 总经理general manager; managing director; executive head 总代理general agent 总教练head coach 总导演head director 总干事secretary-general; commissioner 总指挥commander-in-chief; generalissimo 总领事consul-general 总监chief inspector; inspector-general;chief impresario 总厨head cook; chef

中西方称谓语差异与翻译

Vol.33No.5 M ay 2012 第33卷第5期2012年5月赤峰学院学报(汉文哲学社会科学版) Journal of Chifeng University (Soc.Sci )世界上每一种语言都有属于自己的称谓系统,每个称谓系统又由若干称谓语组成。称谓语作为一种特殊的语言符号,除了具有一般语言符号所具有的功能外,最重要的是它能反映出说话者之间的社会关系和社会地位,以及它所代表的文化内涵。在人际交往中,双方互相称呼,是必不可少的内容,有时在称谓上还要体现礼敬,因此在翻译称谓语时不可避免地要了解称谓语背后浓厚的文化内涵。翻译理论家尤金·奈达曾指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更重要,因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景中才有意义。”我们只有充分了解称谓作为复杂的语言系统的文化意义,才能找到合适的翻译方法。 一、中西方称谓文化差异 (一)亲属称谓 中国的亲属称谓系统可能是世界上最丰富的称谓系统,其称谓词语更是纷繁复杂。赵元任先生在《中国人的各种称呼语》中列举了110种亲属称谓语,每一种称谓语又有正式名称。 在西方,亲情观念相对淡薄很多,亲属称谓数量不仅少而且简单。英语中大体含有11个亲属称谓grandfather,grandmother,father,mother,son, daughter ,brother,sister,uncle,aunt ,cousin 。其中cousin 不仅没有血缘关系之分,甚至没有性别之 分,既可以指堂哥堂弟表哥表弟,也可指堂姐堂妹表姐表妹,由此词翻译也可以看出汉语称谓语中血缘关系和性别特征都很明显。 另外,在中国,人们在实际交往中与对方关系密切时也常常使用亲属称谓称呼来表示亲近,而且加尊﹑仁﹑贤等以示尊重。对年长一些的称仁兄﹑尊 兄等,年纪略轻的称贤弟﹑贤妹﹑仁弟等。现代社会中我们也经常会听到阿姨、叔叔、伯父等近乎亲属称谓的称呼,这种拟亲属称谓的普遍流行,也恰恰反映了中国人传统的伦理观念,重视血缘关系,实际上是家族观念的一种延伸和扩大。 (二)社会称谓 汉语的身份类称谓种类也很多而且范围广。受中国传统官本位思想的影响,人们与有官职的人交往时多以姓+职务相称,如王主任、吴处、张局等,另外还有姓+职称或职业,如李教授、张医生、刘老师等。但是在英美国家,人们与关系亲近的人可以直呼其名,即使是自己的领导或上司,其他情况下可以用姓氏加上Mr.,Mrs.,Ms 或Miss 来彼此称呼;头衔类称谓只局限于皇族﹑政府上层﹑宗教界﹑军界和法律界人士。其中Professor (教授),Doctor (博士)的头衔可以用来作称谓,但是teacher 就不可以。 (三)自谦称谓 我国古代讲究自谦,自谦称谓中大都带有卑﹑下﹑鄙﹑贱﹑愚﹑小等词素,如卑人﹑卑职﹑卑下﹑鄙人﹑贱妾﹑微贱﹑下愚﹑小人﹑小的等等,或者是带有这种意思的词语,如仆﹑臣﹑不肖﹑不才等。这些称谓用语都是根据卑己﹑己谦的礼俗而产生的。老者自谦会用老朽﹑老拙﹑老汉等称呼;妇女自谦则用奴﹑奴家﹑贱妾﹑下妾等称呼。对人自称时以自谦的方式来表示对对方的敬重,但对别人直呼其名在礼节上就会显得轻简,被认为是一种失礼的行为,是对别人的不尊重,甚至使对方产生羞辱感。然而欧美人却习惯直呼他人姓名,甚至是自己的亲属,在称呼自己的时候也只会使用“I ”。“I ”在任何时候都需要大写,由此英美人以自我为中心的价值观可见一斑。 中西方称谓语差异与翻译 刘宗贤 (1.安徽大学 外国语学院;2.安徽工商职业学院 国际贸易系,安徽 合肥 231131) 摘要:称谓是一个民族文化的反映,是社交礼仪的重要方面,而称谓词语正是语言交际中不可缺少的组成部分。由于社会、 历史、文化、地理环境等诸多因素的不同,导致汉语称谓和英语称谓存在许多差异。关键词:称谓;文化差异;翻译中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-2596(2012)05-0177-03 177--

常见职衔与职称英文翻译

本文由雪白乌鸭贡献 文教、科技有关部门常见职衔与职称英文翻译  (大学)校长 President/Chancellor  (大学)副校长 Vice President  (大学)代理校长 Acting President  (中学)校长 Principal  (小学)校长 Head /Master  学院院长 Dean of College/Head of College  教务长 Dean/Director of Teaching Affairs  总务长 Director in Charge of General Affairs  系主任 Department Chairman /Department Head  教研室主任 Head of the Teaching and Research Section  实验室主任 Laboratory Chief  教导主任 Director of Teaching and  班主任 Discipline Class Adviser/Head Teacher  教授 Professor  副教授 Associate Professor  客座教授 Visiting Professor/Guest Professor  兼职教授 Part-time Professor  名誉教授 Honorary Professor  终身教授 Lifetime Professor  外籍教授 Foreign Professor  研究生指导教师 Graduate Teacher/Research Supervisor  讲师 Lecturer/Instructor  助教 Teaching Assistant (T.A.)  实验员 Laboratory Technician  图书馆员 Librarian  研究所所长 Institute Director  研究员 Research Fellow/Researcher  副研究员 Associate Research Fellow / Associate Researcher 助研 Research Assistant  资料员 Data Processor  总工程师 Chief Engineer  副总工程师 Assistant Chief Engineer  高级工程师 Senior Engineer  工程师 Engineer  助工 Assistant Engineer  技术员 Technician  技师 Skilled Technician  董事长 Chairman of the Board /Chairman  董事/理事 Director  副董事 Associate Director  高级会计师 Senior Accountant  注册会计师(美国)Chartered Accountant  注册会计师(美国)Certified Public Accountant(CPA)  助理会计师 Assistant Accountant  主任会计 Chief Accountant  高级经济师 Senior Economic Manger / Senior Economist  经济师 Economic Manager /Economist  建筑师 Architect  规划师 Planner

名片常用的100个职称、职务、头衔名称的英文翻译

董事长Board Chairman总经理General Manager副总经理Vice General Manager执行副总经理Executive Vice President执行副总Deputy General总经理秘书Secretary总经理助理General Manager's Assistant市场营销部经理Manager of Marketing Department销售部经理Sales Manager餐饮部经理Food and Bererage Manager客房部经理Housekeeper康乐部经理Recreation Dept Manager财务部经理Financial Controller人事部经理Personnel Manager工程部经理Chief Engineer保安部经理Chief Security Officer办公室主任Director of Executive Office大堂副理Asst Manager物资经理Logistic&;Purchasing Dept.Manager会计Accountant销售工程师Sales Engineer生产经理Production Dept.Manager销售工程师Sales Engineer工会主席Labour Union chairman操作工Operator 库管员Warehouse Keeper技术工程师Technicial Engineer销售一部经理Sales Dept.Manager接待员Receiptionalist配料员Operator保洁员Purifier人事经理助理HR Assistant炊事员Canteen Worker会计Accountant质保经理QC Dept.Manager机械师Machinist工程主管Facilities Supervisor采购员Buyer车间班长Group Leader叉车司机Driver机修工Operator采购主管Purchase Manage综合管理部Colligation and Management Dep财务部部长Finance Dep.Minister市场部部长助理Market Dep.Ministe r's assistant 生产部部长助理Produce Dep.Ministarls assistant研发工程师Develop Engineer业务主办Operation Direct计划员Programmer更夫Bellman技术服务部经理Technical Service Dept.Manager物资内勤Secretary技术服务工程师Technician Service Engineer销售二部经理Sales Dept.Manager车间主管Production Supervisor内勤Secretary出纳Cashier 检验员hecker市场部经理Marketing Dept.Manager区域销售经理Regional Sales Manager IT工程师IT Engineer研磨工Operator司机Driver清扫工Purifier人力资源部经理Human Resources Manager文员Clerk财务经理Finance Dept.Manager技术发展部经理Technical Development Dept.Manager电工Electrician送货员Deliveryman挤压工Operator

职称称呼中英文对照

董事长 Chairman 总经理 General Manager; C.E.O(Chief Executive Officer) 经理 Manager 销售部经理 Sales Manager 副总经理 Deputy General Manager 财务主管 Controller 会计Accountant 采购员 Purchaser 出纳员 Cashier 计算机工程师 Computer Engineer 高级工程师 Senior Engineer 设计师 Designer 机械师 Mechanic 顾问 Adviser Consultant Interpreter 口语翻译 Technical Translator 技术翻译 Translator 翻译员 质检员 Quality Inspector Office Controller 技师 Technician Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师 Manufacturing Worker 生产员工 Technical Worker 技术工人 Planning Manager 企划部经理 deputy Planning manager企划部副经理 Engineering manager 工程部经理 Administrative Assistant 行政助理 采购主管 Procurement charge 网络维护 Network Maintenance 主管 Charge 验收员 Members of acceptance 保管员 Custodians 质检员 QA (Quality Assurance) 品牌执行经理 Brand Executive Manager 技术代表 Technical Representative 科技研发高级经理 technology research and development senior manager 技术部 Technology 市场销售经理 marketing manager 全国市场部 National Marketing

称谓翻译小技巧

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