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Section A 3 (Grammar Focus 4a-4c)

Step 1 Grammar focus

Translate the following conversations.

1. —你读了《小妇人》了吗？

—是的，我读了。/ 不，还没有。

—Have you read Little Women yet?

—Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t.

2. —蒂娜读了《金银岛》了吗？

—是的，她读了。

她认为这本书太棒了。

—Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?

—Yes, she has.

She thinks it’s fantastic.

3. —你决定写哪本书了吗？

—是的，决定了。

我已经看完了。书真的很好。

—Have you decided which book to write about yet?

—Yes, I have.

I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good.

Step 2 现在完成时

现在完成时的构成

现在完成时由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成。其中，动词过去分词的构成有规则构成和不规则构成两类。规则动词过去分词的构成和其过去式的构成相同，如：finish→finished；live→lived; stop→stopped; study→studied等。不规则动词的过去分词需要大家牢记。参见课本P136—137。

现在完成时的用法

现在完成时可表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：I have lost my pen. (我现在无钢笔可用)

He has had a good education. (他的文化水平比较高)

现在完成时的标志词

现在完成时常与already, yet, ever, never, before, just等连用。其中, already常用于肯定句中, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。含有already的肯定句变否定句或疑问句时, 要将already变为yet, 并置于句末。如：

The rain has already stopped. →

The rain hasn’t stopped yet. →

Has the rain stopped yet?

现在完成时肯定句变否定句、一般疑问句及一般疑问句的简略回答

现在完成时的肯定句变否定句时, 是在have / has后加not, 可缩写为haven’t / hasn’t; 变一般疑问句时, 是把have / has提至主语前, 一般疑问句的简略回答为“Yes,主语(人称代词) + have / has.”和“No,主语(人称代词) + haven’t / hasn’t.”。如：I have got a letter from my aunt. (肯定句)

→I haven’t go t a letter from my aunt. (否定句)

→—Have you got a letter from your aunt? (一般疑问句)

—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. (简略回答)

【运用】

根据括号内的要求完成下列各题。

1. Tom has already finished his homework. (改为否定句)

Tom hasn't finished his homework yet.

2. They have answered my letters. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) .

—Have they answered your letters?

—Yes, they have.

中考链接

1. —Is Richard still living here?

—No, he ______ to Paris already.

A. had moved

B. moved

C. will move

D. has moved

(2014 四川绵阳) 2. —The A mazing Spider Man 2is on these days. It’s fantastic.

—Really? But I ______ it yet.

A. didn’t see

B. won’t see

C. haven’t seen

D. am not seeing

(2014 浙江湖州)

3. What a surprise to see you here! When ______ you ______ back?

A. do; get

B. did; get

C. have; got

D. will; get

(2014江苏徐州) 4. —Tom, ______ you ever ______ that new film?

—Yes. I ______ it a week ago.

A. have; seen; saw

B. have; seen; see

C. do; see; see

D. had; seen; saw

(2015四川广安)

5. Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?

A. finish

B. finishing

C. are finished

D. have finished

(2015广东广州)

6. I ______ the book Little Women, but I’ll let you read it first.

A. haven’t read

B. don’t read

C. won’t read

(2015四川成都) Step 3 Practice

1. Finish 4a and check the answers.

Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.

1) A: Would you like something to drink?

B: No, thanks. _____________________. (just/ drink some tea)

2) A: I heard you lost your key.

___________________? (find)

B: No, not yet.

3) A: Do you know when Tom is leaving?

B: _________________. (already/ leave)

A: When ___________? (leave)

B: This morning.

4) A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight?

B: No. _________________________. (already/ see the film)

5) A: What do your parents think about our plan?

B: I __________________. (not/ tell them/ yet)

Keys: I have just drunk some tea.

Have you found it?

He has already left.

did he leave

She has already seen the film

haven’t told them yet

2. Finish 4b and check the answers.

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.

Sally _____ (love) reading. In the morning she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She ___ already ____ (read) more than 100 different books. Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what the world ______ (be) like in 50 years.

She _______ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _________ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she __________ (not read) yet and she can’t wait to read them.

Keys: loves, has read, will be, finished, will write, hasn’t read

3. Finish 4c and check the answers.

Make conversations and complete the chart. (Follow the conversation on page 60) A: What books have you already read?

B: I have already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.

A: What do you think of them?

B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.

Step 4 Homework

Retell what you did yesterday and what you have done now.

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