选修 7 unit 5语法 非限制性定语从句精讲精练
语法精讲精练非限制性定语从句选修7 unit 5
【基本用法】
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。1）限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了,他曾My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
注：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
【考题引路】
例1. The school shop, customers are mainly students,is closed few the holidays. （2011·四川卷）A.which B.whose C.when D.where
【解析】先行词是The school shop指物，且与从句之间有逗号，故本题选B。
例2. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, , of course, made all the others upset.（2011·北京卷）A. who B. which C. what D. that
【解析】先行词是逗号前整个句子，故本题选B。
例3.（2011·陕西卷）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lakeA.which B. where C. who D.that
【解析】【解析】先行词是逗号前的the hill，关系副词作从句的地点状语，故本题选B。
例4. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,______is a stupid thing to do in such weather. （2011·全国II）
A. this
B. that
C. what
D. which
【解析】先行词是逗号前整个句子，故本题选D。
例5.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. （2011·江苏卷）A．When B．Where C．that D．which
解析】【解析】先行词是逗号前的interval表示“休息时间”，关系副词作从句的时间状语，故本题选A。
例6. English is a language shared by several diverse（多种多样的;多变化的）cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently . （2011·浙江卷）
A. which
B. what
C. them
D. those
【解析】先行词是逗号前的several diverse（多种多样的;多变化的）cultures，指物，故本题选A。
例7. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke flurntly （2011·湖南卷）A who B whom C which D that
【解析】先行词是逗号前的German, French and Russian，指物，故本题选C。
例8. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator , _____ it will keep for two or three
weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while
【解析】先行词是逗号前的the refrigerator，作从句的地点状语，故选C。
例9.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，turned out to be a wise decision．（2010四川）A．that B．which C．when D．where
【解析】此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。所以答案应选B。
例10.As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.（2010全国I） A. which B. where C. what D. that
【解析】根据选项此题考察从句，空格设置在名词school后，且school后有逗号，此题考察非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定于从句中做主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限定性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。
例11.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A．whom B．which C．them D．those
【解析】由many之后的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。因此选择A。
【小试身手】请做下列各题：
1. The famous basketball star, ____tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. who
2. ____is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
3. ____has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.
A. That
B. As
C. It
D. What
4. We will be shown around the city, schools museums, and some other places,____other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when
5. Alec asked the policeman____he worked to contac him whenever there was an accident.
A. with him
B. who
C. with whom
D. whom
6.____is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
7. Anyway, that evening, ____I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. which
8. He was very rude to the Customs officer, ____of course made things even worse.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. which
9. The pen, ____I paid 2 dollars, was lost.
A. to which
B. for which
C. which
D. that
10. The children climbed up the hill, ____they picnicked.
A. on its top
B. on the top of it
C. on whose top
D. on the top of that
11. Mr King, ____legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. whose
12. _____the room, a flowerpot was sent on the window-sill.
A. Having entered
B. On entering
C. When entering
D. When I entered
13. She has a blue dress_____to yours, but hers has a green collar.
A. familiar
B. similar
C. same
D. like
(完整版)选修六unit5语法练习(有答案)
1. The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, __ ______for help. A. supporting; calling B. supported by; called C. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called 2. -Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening? -We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon. A. be discussed B. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed 3. The brave man died,_______ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage. A.left; breaking B.leaving; broken C.left; broken D.to leave; breaking 4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked 5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father. A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed 6. Time________, I can have done it better. A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit 7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key 8. ____into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now. A. Being translated B. Having translated C. To be translated D. Having been translated 9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do. A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame 10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him where ver he goes. A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 11. ______from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge 12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to the rain. A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed 13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________. A. including B. being including C. to include D. included 14. -Who were those people with the flags? -A group________ itself the League of Peace. A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called 15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told 16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night. A. burnt B. to burn C. being burnt D. burning 17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party _______ at Marie’s house tomorrow.
高中高一英语定语从句语法复习
高中高一英语定语从句语法复习 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能（作用）： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。 I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
人教版选修《语言文字运用》第一课《四方异声-----普通话和方言》教案
教学流程 一、课堂导入 先出示方言，请学生说说能否看懂，再出示普通话。 某县推广普通话，大会上—— （1）县长讲完以后，主持人说：“咸菜请香肠酱瓜！” ——主持人说：“现在请乡长讲话！” （2）乡长说：“兔子们，虾米们，猪尾巴！不要酱瓜，咸菜太贵啦！” ——乡长说：“同志们，乡民们，注意吧！不要讲话，现在开会啦！” （3）乡长接着说：“不要酱瓜，我捡个狗屎给你们舔舔……” ——乡长说：“不要讲话，我讲个故事给你们听听……” （4）乡长说：“兔子们，今天的饭狗吃了，大家都是大王八！” ——乡长说：“同志们，今天的饭够吃了，大家都使大碗吧！” 从这个故事中我们可知，各地方言千奇百怪，因为方言误会，造成沟通有障碍，甚至闹出笑话，所以要有通用的语言，普通话也就应运而生。 二、普通话和方言 1、普通话 明确：普通话是“以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范”的现代汉民族共同语，这是在1955年的全国文字改革会议和现代汉语规范问题学术会议上确定的。 （1）为什么以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言？——北京近千年来一直是我国政治和文化的中心，所以以北京话为代表的北方方言在全国影响最大。
（2）普通话和各种方言是什么关系？——是弟兄姐妹的关系，但普通话又是一种权威语言，在我国受到法律保护的，连《宪法》都有规定。2001颁布《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》。虽然普通话成为现代汉民族的共同语，但是，各地人们的日常生活还是保留自己原有的方言，有的地方甚至是“五里不同调，十里不同音”。 2、方言 （1）什么是方言？-----方言是指同一种语言在不同地域的分支，或者说是一种语言的地域变体。汉语就是一种有许多方言的语言。 （2）根据方言在语音、词汇、语法上的一些重要差异，现代汉语分成几大方言？ 明确：即北方方言、吴方言、湘方言、赣方言、客家方言、粤方言、闽方言。 （北方方言：又叫官话方言，使用人口最多，分布地域最广，占汉语地区的四分之三，使用人口占百分之七十以上。客家方言：唯一不以地域而以人群命名的方言。） （3）请学生看方言地图，分别找出各个方言区。 我们每个人都有自己的家乡，当然也就有自己的方言。 3、陕西方言 （1）概述 陕西是中华民族古代文化的发祥地之一。相传汉字为“文字始祖”仓颉(jie)所创造。仓颉是陕西宝鸡人，出生于五帝时代，距今已有4000多年历史了。陕西方言得天独厚，博大精深，从这些方言中我们既可以窥视到古老的华夏文化的发展轨迹，又可领略到今天溢于言表的真情实感。由于陕西地理特点是东西狭、南北长，各地方言土语大不相同，甚至同一句话，因咬音轻重语速缓急不同而内容涵义不同。 陕西话属于中原官话，为其的一个分支，代表方言为西安方言。又分为关中话、陕北话和陕南话。 ①关中方言 关中方言东府话包括西安市、铜川市、咸阳市、渭南市、商洛市及下属商县—洛南—丹凤—山阳、陕北的宜川—黄龙—洛川—宜君—黄陵—富县、甘肃宁县。 关中方言西府话包括宝鸡市。 关中方言区乃炎帝故地，所以后来母系同为炎帝属的周语与夏语近似，又由于地理相近，沟通频繁，所以关中方言与河南方言同属中原官话。 ②陕南方言 陕南话大部属于巴蜀方言（西南官话）。陕南的方言非常有地域特色。陕南地处川、陕、鄂、豫交界之处。先民迁入来源甚广。加之历史上交通闭塞往来较少、行政权力鞭长莫及，居民活动范围地域狭窄，遂造成了今天的陕南方言。 杂，是陕南方言的首要特色。仅就安康地区而言，那里的地方话有接近四川口音的，有接近湖北口音的，甚至还有接近湖南口音的。有时一个村与周围邻村口音截然不同。 ③陕北方言 陕北话属于秦晋方言。受山西影响比较大，也加入了一些蒙语，至今保留了一些入声。（2）关中方言——中国最古老的语言 过去不曾知道，陕西农村人说的关中方言，是中国最古老的语言。还以为农民说的话，比较土气，生冷硬噌，难登大雅之堂。而实际上，在古代它是中国的官话，被称为雅言，《诗经》《唐诗》要用古代的官话，也就是现在的关中方言来读，才算是标准读音。伍永尚是一位研究陕西方言的专家。他举例说，只有用陕西话才能读通唐诗，读出韵味。 ★白居易著名的《卖炭翁》：“卖炭翁，伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。”其中的“色”如果按普通话发“se”音，没法押韵，按陕西话发sěi音，才能和“黑”押韵。
初中英语定语从句的用法解析
初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高二语文选修语言文字运用第三课_神奇的汉字
第三课神奇的汉字 【教学目标】 ⑴理解汉字的起源、造字方法和字体演变。 ⑵了解汉字简化和规范的原因及方法。 ⑶掌握汉字架构的方法和拆解的规则。 ⑷了解错别字存在的原因，学会如何消灭错别字。 【教学重难点】 ⑴了解错别字存在的原因，学会如何消灭错别字。 【教学过程】 第一节字之初,本为画——汉字的起源 【教学目标】 ⑴理解汉字的起源、造字方法和字体演变（重点） ⑵理解汉字的书写规则，鉴赏书法艺术作品。（难点） 【教学过程及步骤】 一、导入新课 中华五千年文明，有着太多让外国人仰慕的东西，包括四大发明、文字等等。印度前总理尼赫鲁曾对女儿说：“世界上有一个伟大的国家，她的每个字都是一首优美的诗，一幅美丽的画，你要好好 学习。”汉字是见证中国悠久历史的重要载体，今天让我们一起走进汉字的历史。 二、汉字历史 1.汉字的起源 关于汉字的起源，中国古代文献上有种种说法，如“结绳”、“八卦”、“图画”、“书契”等，古书上还普遍记载有黄帝史官仓颉造字的传说。《淮南子·本经训》：“昔者仓颉作书，而天雨粟，鬼夜哭。” 鲁迅曾对仓颉造字这一史实，作过精辟的论述，意即文字非一人独创，而是群众智慧的结晶。 2.汉字的造字方法（结合许慎《说文解字》中的阐述及例字甲骨文讲解） （1）象形：象形者，画成其物，随体诘诎。日、月是也。（文字描摹实物的形状）如：人、门、日、月、山、水、衣、目、耳、石、田、火、车、牛、马、鹿。 （2）指事：指事者，视而可识，察而见意。上、下是也。（文字由指示性的符号构成）如：木—本，添加的部分表示树根；木—末，添加部分表示树梢；刀—刃，刀口处。 （3）会意：会意者，比类合谊，以见指撝。武、信是也。（汇合两个或两个以上的字构成一个新字） 例如：“朝”字像日、月同现于草莽之中，表示太阳初升而月亮未落的早晨的情景。“莫”字是“暮”
高中英语非限定性定语从句语法归纳
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。
【英语1对1教师辅导讲义】人教版选修6UNIT3 A healthy life及语法it探究
accustom oneself to (doing)sth.使自己习惯 于(做)某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 4．have an effect on对……有影响 5．decide on对……作出决定 6．feel like (doing)想要(做)……如：Use it to remind yourself of why you want to stop，whenever you feel like smoking 摸上去像，如：It feels like silk.这东西摸起来像丝绸。 7．in spite of不顾；不管 8．take risks (a risk)冒险 9．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯) 10．at risk处境危险；遭受危险 语境活用[运用上述短语完成片段] More and more children 1 _________(对……上瘾)the Internet games，which will 2______________________ (对……产生不良影响) them. Once they 3________________ (养成习惯)，they won’t quit it.4._______________ (尽管) the fact that they know the danger，children still 5.___________(冒险)． Keys: 1. are addicted to 2. have a bad effect on 3 . get into the habit 4. In spite of 5. take risks
(新)高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when（时间状语）、why（原因状语）、where（地点状语） 可以修饰人的关系代词：that, who, whom, whose 可以修饰事的关系代词：that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window faces the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语） 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语） 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. （= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be.） ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
高中语文选修——语言文字运用复习提纲
高中语文选修——语言文字运用复习提纲 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
语言文字运用复习提纲1 句子成分分析 ?重点：六种句子成分的辨别 ?难点：定语和状语修饰成分的排序 ?知识点：能划分句子成分并能判别句子成分残缺和搭配不当的语病。一．句子六种成分 ?主语、谓语、宾语；——三种主要成分 ?定语、状语、补语；——三种附属成分 二．句子成分的标识符号 ?主语：“”划在主语下面 ?谓语：“——”划在谓语下面 ?宾语：“”划在宾语下面 ?定语：“（）”用在定语前后 ?状语：“[ ]”用在状语前后 ?补语：“〈〉”用在补语前后 三．句子成分作用 ?主语——是谓语陈述的对象 ?谓语——是对主语加以陈述的 ?宾语——是动语支配、关涉的对象 ?定语——是名词性短语里中心语前面的修饰语 ?状语——是谓词性短语里中心语前面的修饰语 ?补语——是谓词性短语里中心语后面的补充语 四．句子成分示例 ?定语：美丽的校园（美丽）的校园
?状语：例1：安静地学习 [安静]地学习 ?例2：吾尝终日而思矣吾尝[终日]而思矣修饰关系 ?补语： ?1、去一趟去〈一趟〉 ?2、高兴得跳了起来高兴得〈跳了起来〉 ?3、这张报纸好极了这张报纸好〈极〉了 五、主谓宾 ?1、主语：就是谓语陈述的对象，主要由名词、代词充当，动词、形容词、数量词及其短语也可充当主语。如：发展是硬道理。 ?2、谓语：是陈述主语的，一般由动词和形容词充当，其他实词和短语也可以充当谓语。如：战士们英勇顽强。你是学生。 ?3、宾语：是动词中心词支配的对象，一般由名词和代词充当，其他实词和短语也可以充当宾语。如：大家喜欢游泳。他给我一本书（双宾语） ?4、定语：是名词中心语的修饰成份，名词、动词、形容词、数量词和短语充当定语。“的”是定语的标志。如：（浅浅的）月光流进了村子。 ?注意：定语后置。如：荷塘的四面长着许多树，（蓊蓊郁郁的）。 ?5、状语：是动词、形容词中心语的修饰成份。副词、形容词、表时间（处所）的名词和短语充当状语。“地”是状语的标志。如：汽车[在望不到边际的高原上]奔 驰。（介宾短语） ?6、补语：是对动词、形容词中心语起补充说明作用的成份。形容词、动词、代词、副词、数量词和短语可以充当补语。“得”是补语的标志。如：我的心事，绷得<像调紧的弦>。
(完整版)初中英语定语从句讲解教师版
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care
高中英语语法系列：定语从句
高中英语语法系列：定语从句 知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等 关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句： 先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.
选修六unit5语法教案
高二选修6 Unit 5 Grammar教案 引标： 1. Review the usage of –ing form below. Examine the sentences and discuss in what way the structures similar to each other and in what way they are different. 示标： 1)Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater. 2)Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice. 区别： 学标： -ing 形式的用法 1)–ing 形式作状语 ①Walking along the street, I met Mary. = While I was walking along the street, I met Mary.(时间状语从句） 在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。 ②Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. =Because I was tired, I stopped to take a rest. (原因状语从句） 因为疲倦，我停下来休息。
③Turning to the left, you will find the school. = If you turn to the left, you will find the school.(条件状语从句) 向左走，你就会找到那个学校。 ④Knowing where I live, he never come to see me . = Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me. (让步状语从句） 尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。 2）–ing形式的完成式 Having +p.p. …, 主语+谓语 (Having been) +p.p. …, 主语+谓语 –ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前表示被动可直接用过去分词 ⑤Having finished my work, I went home. = After I had finished my work, I went home。 工作做完只后，我就回家了。 ⑥(Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults. 这本书因仓促写成，所以有些缺憾。 3）使用- ing形式需注意的几个问题。 分词(短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the