阅读理解--情感态度题的解题

阅读理解--情感态度题的解题
阅读理解--情感态度题的解题

阅读理解--情感态度题的解题

阅读理解 --情感态度题的解题

阅读理解 --考研情感态度题的解题绝技

情感态度题概述:情感态度题分为两种,即全文情感态度题和局部情感态度题。全文情感态度题,是指作者对于全文论点谈论对象的情感态度; 局部情感态度题, 是指作者对于文章的非论点谈论对象的情感态度或者是指除作者以外的其他人对于论点谈论对象或非论点谈论对象的情感态度。

例如, 假设一篇文章的论点是猪是所有动物中游泳最快的动物, 并且为了证明这个论点, 文章中的论据部分讲到了 Smith 先生说, “ 狗这个动物游泳也很快” 。那么题目问我们作者对于猪是什么情感态度的题目就是全文情感态度题, 因为它是作者对于全文论点谈论对象的情感态度; 而如果问的是作者对于狗的情感态度或Smith 对于狗或猪的情感态度的什么的题目就是局部情感态度题, 因为它们是作者对于文章的非论点谈论对象的情感态度或者是指除作者以外的其他人对于论点谈论对象或非论点谈论对象的情感态度。

考研的文章全部是来源于英美国家国内杂志上发表过的议论文, 那么根据议论的特点议论的论点必须鲜明。如果一个论点不鲜明的文章投稿的话, 报社自然是不会采用的, 因为那是一篇很糟糕的议论文。而如果这个议论文谈论的话题是男女平等的问题的话,那么作者的情感态度必然是支持男女平等的。在美国国内是不会有人写支持男女不平等的文章的, 更没有哪个报社敢刊登这样的“ 大逆不道” 的文章的。所以因为我们考察的文章是议论文, 这样就在某种程度上决定了我们在做情感态度题目的时候必须按照议论文的特征来解答。议论文的特征也正是情感态度题的命题的逻辑的缺陷, 成为我们解题的关键。下面详细的讲解情感态度题的解题方法:

全文情感态度题

(一 ) 情感态度题选项核心词汇

(1)必然不会成为正确答案的中性词

① indifferent, 漠不关心的意思, 这个词永远不能成为正确答案, 因为如果作者对于论点谈论的话题不关心的话怎么可能去写一篇 450字左右的文章呢?既然写了就一定是关心的;相近词汇有: disinterested, impassive;

② suspicion, 怀疑的意思,它的形容词是 suspicious ,议论文的论点必须是鲜明的,作者已经把文章写完了又怎么可能会依旧怀疑自己的论点呢?如果怀疑又怎么有自信把自己的文章邮寄到报社发表呢?报社又怎么可能发表呢?既然报社不可能发表那我们的命题者又是怎么找到文章的呢?所以这个词永远不会成为正确答案的;相近词汇有:questioned,questionable, puzzled, puzzling, gloomy;

③ neutral, 中立的意思,议论文的论点必须有倾向性,必须鲜明,因此不选。

(2)必然不会成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词

① sensitive, 敏感的意思, 这个词汇是万能选项, 因为任何议论文作者必然是对论点谈论的对象是敏感的, 否则就不会写这样的议论文了。因此这个选项是适合任何议论文的作者的全文情感态度的, 只有在确定排除其他选项的情况下, 才可以成为正确答案, 一般是直接排除。因为万能选项不能考察考生的阅读理解文章的能力,如果可以成为正确答案的话,大家看见就选那这个题目出的还有什么意思?没有任何难度。它的相近词汇有:concerned;

② biased, 有偏见的意思,如果这个词是正确答案的话,也就是说命题者任何作者的观点是有偏见, 即命题者是完全否认作者的这个文章的, 而如果命题者已经完全否定了这个文章又怎么可能再把在他眼睛里的“ 垃圾” 拿来考你呢?因此不选。相近词汇有:prejudice;

③ scared, 害怕的意思,如果作者对于他自己谈论的话题很害怕他怎么会邮寄到报社去发表呢?不邮寄到报社,报社又怎么发表呢?因此也不可能成为正确的答案的。相近词汇有:afraid, fear; (3)可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词

① objective, 客观的意思, 有人要问具有褒义色彩的中性词和中性词有什么区别?它们的区别就是中

性词没有任何的倾向性,而具有褒义色彩的中性词本身虽然是中性词,但是它们确实有褒义倾向的。因此可以成为正确的答案。

② impar tial, 公正的、没有偏袒的意思,解释同上。

③ surprised, 惊讶的意思,相近词汇有:amazed;

(4)可以成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词

① critical, 批评的意思,作者在写议论文的时候完全批评一个事物;

② approve ,同意的意思,它的反意词是:disapprove;

③ positive ,积极的意思,它的反意词是: passive=negative;

④ optimistic ,乐观的意思,它的反意词是:pessimistic ;

在考试中是不是说只有以上归纳的词汇成为全文情感态度题的选项呢?答案当然是否定的。考试中不可能只有以上的词汇成为选项的。以上的选项只是从历年真题中提炼出来的归纳和总结, 具有代表意义。希望大家在以后的解题过程中把每个不在以上范围内的词汇根据以上的解析归纳到以上的范围内,这样有助于我们解题。

(二 ) 情感态度题解题步骤

(1)看选项,排除选项中的必然不会成为正确答案的中性词

(2)看选项,排除选项中的必然不会成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词

(3)看选项,排除选项中的相近选项

例如一个题目中的选项如下:A.identical(一致的 ); B. similar(相似的 );

https://www.360docs.net/doc/3416645692.html,plementary(相互补充的 );

D.opposite(相反的 ); 因此这个题目选择 D ;

(4)看选项,保留选项中可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词和可以成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词;

(5)看题干,判断情感态度指向的对象;

(6)判断该对象的性质;

①如果该对象与伦理道德观念相吻合, 那么应该选择含有可以成为正确答案的褒义词的选项; 比如尊师重道;

②如果该对象与伦理道德观念不相吻合,那么应该选择含有可以成为正确答案的贬义词的选项; 比如作奸犯科;

③如果该对象与伦理道德观念没有关系, 那么应该选择可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词;比如经济的增长或衰弱;

④如果该对象与伦理道德的的关系还没有形成定论, 那么应该选择可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词; 比如安乐死, 我们的道德观念不认为一个人支持安乐死就说他是邪恶的, 也不会认为一个人反对安乐死就说他是残忍的,我们的道德观念而是允许发表任何言论。

注 1:如果判断一个题目应该选择褒义词,但是选项中没有褒义词的时候应该选择具有褒义色彩的中性词;反之亦然;

注 2:可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词成为正确答案的机率最大,其次是可以成为正确答案的褒义词,最后是可以成为正确答案的贬义词。

(三 ) 情感态度题真题演示

例1. The author’ s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of .(1997)

(A) opposition(B) suspicion(C) approval(D)indifference

【解析】我们在做全文情感态度题时要严格的按照以上的解题方法和步骤去解题,不能跳跃,换而言之,我们必须能够合上笔记本说出上面的所有内容才能确保我们在做这样的题目时万无一失。第一步:看选项,排除选项中的必然不会成为正确答案的中性词;据此排除了 B 和 D ;

第二步:看选项, 排除选项中的必然不会成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词; 没有发现这样的词汇; 第三步:看选项,排除选项中的相近选项;也没有相近的选项;

第四步:看选项, 保留选项中可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词和可以成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词;因此保留 A 和 C ;

第五步:看题干,判断情感态度指向的对象;即 euthanasia(安乐死 ) 。

第六步:判断该对象的性质; 很显然安乐死是属于与伦理道德的关系还没有形成定论的, 所以应该选择可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词。但是本题中没有可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词,因此根据注 1应该选择褒义词,所以这个题目选 C 。

例 2. The passage shows that the author is the present situation.(1997)

(A) critical of(B) puzzled by(C) disappointed at(D) amazed at

第一步:看选项,排除选项中的必然不会成为正确答案的中性词;据此排除了 B ;

第二步:看选项, 排除选项中的必然不会成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词; 没有发现这样的词汇; 第三步:看选项,排除选项中的相近选项;应该排除 A 和 C ,因为 A 是批评的意思, C 是失望的意思;因为批评了怎么可能会不失望呢?失望了又怎么能不批评呢?所以它们是相近选项排除; 第四步:看选项, 保留选项中可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词和可以成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词;因此保留 D ;

第五步:看题干,判断情感态度指向的对象;即 present situation. 根据文章知道present situation 是指经济相关的话题;

第六步:判断该对象的性质; 很显然经济相关的话题是属于与伦理道德没有关系的, 所以应该选择可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词。因此所以这个题目选D 。

例3. The author’ s attitude towards the issue seems to be .(1999)

(A) biased(B) indifferent(C) puzzling(D)objective

第一步:看选项,排除选项中的必然不会成为正确答案的中性词;据此排除了 B 和 C ;

第二步:看选项,排除选项中的必然不会成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词;据此排除了A ; 第三步:看选项,排除选项中的相近选项;本题没有相近选项;

第四步:看选项, 保留选项中可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词和可以成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词;因此保留 D ;

第五步:看题干,判断情感态度指向的对象;即 issue ,根据文章知道是指法庭对于消费者受到商品伤害后的处理案件的态度的发展史的话题;

第六步:判断该对象的性质; 很显然该对象与伦理道德的的关系还没有形成定论, 那么应该选择可以成为正确答案的具有褒义色彩的中性词,所以选择 D ;

本章总结:以上的例题把从 1994年到 2009年的有关全文情感态度题全部列举了出来, 如果一种解题的方法可以使用每一年的真题,那么我们有什么理由不相信它依旧使用 2010呢?在大家做各个辅导老师出的模拟题的时候必然会发现我们这里讲的方法是不能通用在模拟题中的, 这个不是说我们的方法不灵了, 而是那个出模拟题的人没有对真题有深入的研究, 是模拟题出的质量有问题, 因此大家应该批判的去做模拟题。

高考阅读理解题型-观点态度题详解及练习

高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下:(1)理解主旨和要义(2)理解文中具体信息(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度(5)理解文章的基本结构 对应有(1)主旨大意题(2)细节与推理判断题(3)词义猜测提(4)观点态度题(5)篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。 今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题 例一、 [2009年陕西卷]“Old wives’ tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time. Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration…. Even though scie nce can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. … 54. What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text? A. Subjective B. Objective C. Dissatisfied D. Curious 例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind. The problem is twofold(双重的). First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest (投入)in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline (减弱)until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”. This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn’t serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world. In one sense, that’s a goo d thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happening eventually. 75、What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships? A. He is uncertain about it. B. He is hopeful of it. C. He approves of it. D. He doubts it. 例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the

初中语文现代文阅读训练及答案

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