病理学-炎症学习课件

Inflammation

Skin blister result from burning Serous effusion accumulated within and underneath the epidermis of skin

Carbuncle（痈) Furuncle（疖）

Outlines of inflammation

●General Considerations

?Definition; Inflammatory agents; Basic pathological changes of

inflammation; Local and systemic manifestations of Inflammation ●Acute inflammation

?The process of vascular and cellular events in inflammation,

Inflammatory mediators

?The classification and outcomes of acute inflammation

●Chronic inflammation

Part 1 General Considerations

Definition

Inflammation is a protective response intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury as well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult.

Components of acute and chronic inflammation

Inflammatory agents

●Infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic) and microbial

toxins

●Physical agents (e.g., irradiation, burns) and Trauma

(blunt and penetrating)

●Chemical agents (some environmental chemicals)

●Ischemic and necrotic tissues

●Foreign particle (dirt, sutures)

●Allergic reactions

The basic pathological changes

●Alteration (degeneration, necrosis)

●Exudation (hallmark, vascular change, leukocyte reaction, inflammatory mediators )●Proliferation (parenchymal and strmal cells)

Exudation of plasma proteins

Exudate and transudate

Cause inflammation non-inflammation Gross cloudy clear

Gravity >1.018 <1.018 Protein >30g/L < 30g/L

Cell no. >100/mm3<100/mm3 Coagulation + -Mucoprotein + -

Local manifestations of Inflammation ●rubor (redness)

●tumor (swelling)

●calor (heat)

●dolor (pain)

Systemic manifestations of inflammation

●Fever

●Increased acute-phase proteins

●Leukocytosis

●Others: increased pulse and blood

pressure; decreased sweating; rigors;

anorexia

Part 2 Acute inflammation

The process of acute inflammation ●Vascular events

●Cellular events

●Molecular events

Vascular Events

●Changes in vascular caliber and flow

?Transient vasoconstriction of arterioles at the site of injury

?Vasodilation of precapillary arterioles then increases blood flow to the tissue

●Increased vascular permeability

The major local manifestations of acute inflammation: (1)vascular dilation; (2) extravasation of plasma fluid and protein; (3) leukocyte emigration and accumulation in the site of injury

Cellular Events

1) Recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection and injury

2) Recognition of microbes and dead tissues

3) Removal of the offending agents

4) Release of leukocyte products and leukocyte-mediated tissue injury

1) Recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection and injury

●Margination, rolling and adhesion to

endothelium

●Leukocyte migration through

endothelium

●Chemotaxis and activation