新视野大学英语1教案U5

BOOK One (The Second Edition)

Unit 5

The Battle Against AIDS

Ⅰ.Aims:

Students will be able to:

1.grasp the main idea and structure of the text;

2.appreciate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text;

3.master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;

4.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to

the theme of the unit.

Ⅱ.New Lexis:

AIDS acquire immune deficiency syndrome diagnose infect HIV virus rural constitute segment alarm federal implement organization emerge combat resource creative educational client publication appointment educate literacy literature solve illustrate establish buster risk pressure define redefine marital plague establishment emphasize regardless solution crisis cure represent epidemic threaten racial distract efficiency

be infected with in place of suffer from hand out set up at risk regardless of guard against wipe out distract sb. from sth. sign up for

Ⅲ. Structure:

1.To solve this problems, ask people in the community who can draw well to

create low-literacy AIDS education publications.

2. Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have always

been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS.

Ⅳ. Pre-reading Activities

1. What is AIDS?

Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome (后天性免疫缺陷综合症). It is a disease that limits the body’s ability to fight infection. A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system, turning normally mild or rare diseases into potentially fatal

conditions.

2. What is HIV?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (人类免疫缺陷病毒). AIDS is different from HIV in that the former usually causes death while HIV may lead to AIDS.

3. What do you know about World AIDS Day?

December,1st was established as World AIDS Day in 1988. It is the international day of coordinate action (协调行动) against AIDS.

4. How many ways can HIV spread?

contact with infected blood

mother-to-child

sex

5. Who is most likely to become infected?

Anyone can become infected with HIV. HIV is transmitted sexually or through drug use by contaminated blood.

Ⅴ. Background Information:

What does the Red Ribbon stand for?

It is an international symbol (标志) of AIDS awareness. People wear the ribbon, particularly around World AIDS Day, to show care and concern (关注) about HIV and AIDS.

What We Still Don’t Know About AIDS

In the ２０years since the first cases of AIDS were detected, scientists say they have learned more about this viral1) disease than any other.

Yet Peter Piot, who directs the United Nations AIDS program, and Stefano Vella of Rome, president of the International AIDS Society, and other experts say reviewing unanswered questions could prove useful as a measure of progress for AIDS and other diseases.

Among the important broader scientific questions that remain：

Why does AIDS predispose infected persons to certain types of cancer and infections？

A long-standing belief is that cancer cells constantly develop and are held in check by a healthy immune2) system. But AIDS has challenged that belief. People with AIDS are much more prone3) to certain cancers like non-Hodgkins lymphomas and Kaposi?s sarcoma4), but not to breast, colon and lung, the most common cancers

in the United States. This pattern suggests that an impaired immune system, at least the type that occurs in AIDS, does not allow common cancers to develop.

What route does HIV take after it enters the body to destroy the immune system？

When HIV is transmitted sexually, the virus must cross a tissue barrier to enter the body. How that happens is still unclear. The virus might invade directly or be carried by a series of different kinds of cells.

Eventually HIV travels through lymph5) vessels6) to lymph nodes and the rest of the lymph system. But what is not known is how the virus proceeds to destroy the body?s CD-４cells that are needed to combat invading infectious agents.

How does HIV subvert the immune7) sys-tem？

Although HIV kills the immune cells sent to kill the virus, there is widespread variation in the rate at which HIV infected people become ill with AIDS. So scientists ask：Can the elements of the immune system responsible for that variability be identified？If so, can they be used to stop progression to AIDS in infected individuals and possibly prevent infection in the first place？

What is the most effective anti-HIV therapy？

In theory, early treatment should offer the best chance of preserving immune function. But the new drugs do not completely eliminate HIV from the body so the medicines, which can have dangerous side effects, will have to be taken for a lifetime and perhaps changed to combat resistance. The new policy is expected to recommend that treatment be deferred until there are signs the immune system is weakening.

Is a vaccine8) possible？

There is little question that an effective vaccine is crucial to controlling the epidemic9). Yet only one has reached the stage of full testing, and there is wide controversy over the degree of protection it will provide. HIV strains that are transmitted in various areas of the world differ genetically. It is not known whether a vaccine derived from one type of HIV will confer protection against other types.

In the absence of a vaccine, how can HIV be stopped？

Without more incisive10), focused behavioral research, prevention messages alone will not stop the global epidemic.

StageⅠPresentation

A.Vocabulary

1. acquire vt.get by skill or ability, by one?s own efforts or behavior

（由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到

acquire a good knowledge of English 熟谙英文

acquire a reputation for dishonesty 蒙上不诚实恶名

acquire a taste for brandy 养成喝白兰地的嗜好

2. immune: a

be immune to sth. /sb 对….有免疫力；不受….影响

This blood test will show whether or not you?re immune to the disease.

这次验血将表明你对这种病是否有免疫力。

I am immune to the noise from the factory.

我对那家工厂的噪音已习以为常了。

3. diagnose 诊断

vt.①diagnose sb. with …

②diagnose + illness/sb.’s condition as …

The woman is diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病).

The doctor diagnosed the illness as cancer.

4.infect: vt. cause others to have a disease or illness; affect; influence

be infected with: make someone get a disease

He infects everyone around him with his enthusiasm.

他的热情感染了身边的每一个人。

It is estimated that over thirty million people are now infected with the virus.估计目前有超过3，000万人感染上了该病毒。

5. constitute vt.form sth. from parts

How many students constitute your study group?

Twelve months constitute a year.

6. alarm

vt. cause sudden fear or worry; give a warning or feeling of danger to

使恐慌，使担忧；警告

枪声惊动了千百只鸟。

The noise of the shot alarmed hundreds of birds.

n.①[U] sudden fear and worry 恐慌，担忧；

②[C] a piece of equipment that warns people about danger, the time, etc. 报警

器；闹钟

a fire alarm 火警

set the alarm(-clock) for 6 o’clock 把闹钟拨到6点

e.g. He jumped up in alarm.

他惊慌地跳了起来。

7. organization

n. a group of people with a special purpose

What do these organizations mean?

WHO World Health Organization

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation

联合国粮农组织

UNESCO United Nations? Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization联合国教科文组织

8. emerge

vi. ①come to appear

The sun emerged from behind a cloud.

vi. ②become known

Different ideas emerged in the heated discussion.

9. illustrate

vt. make clear by giving pictures or examples

These graphs illustrate the results of the experiment.

他用统计数据来说明观点。

He illustrated his point with statistics.

10. risk

vt. ①place in danger

The soldier risked his life to save the drowning girl.

士兵冒着生命危险去救落水的女孩。

n. ②danger

The disease is spreading, and all children under 5 are at risk.

疾病在蔓延，5岁以下的儿童都有被传染的危险。

More phrases

at risk: in danger 处境危险

take/run the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着……的危险

at any risk ，at all risks不管冒什么风险

at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着……的危险

take/run the risk to do sth. 冒险……

which is right?

1) I am risking my job. T

2) I am taking the risk of losing my job. T

3) I am at the risk of losing my job. T

11. distract sb. from sth. = take sb.’s attention from sth. 使分心

Most Chinese parents think puppy love will distract their children from their school work.

多数中国父母认为早恋会让孩子学习分心。

街上的嘈杂声使我不能专心读书。

The noise in the street distracted me from my reading.

12. sign up for

= put one?s name on a list to take part in sth.报名参加

上个学期她报名参加了青年志愿者组织。

She signed up for the Young V olunteer team last semester.

B. Text Study

1.Part Division of the Text

2. Structure Analysis

A. The Writing Model of the Passage:

Problem + Solution + Evaluation + Summary

The basic structure of this pattern is problem-solution-evaluation. There are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions. Now, find the problem, solution and evaluation of this passage.

problems

1. AIDS has killed many Americans, and still many with the HIV virus are expected to die. (Para. 1)

2. Women and youth in some communities are making up the fastest segment of people with AIDS. (Para. 2)

3. American governments have been slow in stopping the spread of the disease.(Para.

3)

Solutions

A number of local organizations have emerged. The South Carolina AIDS Education Network is one of them. (Paras.3-4)

1. The organization operates its educational programs out of a beauty shop. (Paras.4-5)

2. The network began helping the hair stylists set up similar programs in their shops. (Para.6)

3. It has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work. (Para.7)

a. Speak to your community in a way they can hear. (Paras.8-9)

b. Train teenagers to educate their peers. (Para.10)

c. Redefine “at risk” to include women from different background s and marriage

status.(Paras.11-12)

Evaluation

These programs are not the only solutions to the crisis but, until there is a cure for AIDS, they are only safe measures against the virus. (Para.13)

Summary

We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done. Nor can we let political inefficiency stop us from our task. Everyone must become an educator and learn to live. (Para.14)

B. The way to develop paragraphs:

A General Statement + Problem-solution-evaluation

The writer lists some ways of winning the war against AIDS. Each method is presented in a general statement. He tries to argue for idea in a problem-solution-evaluation way.

Train teenagers to educate their peers.

The problem The solution The evaluation

The problem AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in the rural South. The solution Establish an “AIDS Busters” program. The program trains youth

(from 8 to 26) to go into the community and teach AIDS

lessons to their peers.

The evaluation

a. Young people make the lessons simple.

b. They explain the risk of catching AIDS to their friends much better than an adult can.

c. They help parents understand the peer pressure their children experience.

Method 1 & 3 are developed in the same way. Work with your partner and find the details.

3.Difficult sentences

1. To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low- literacy AIDS education publications.

sb/sth + attributive clause

I do n?t like the way he talks to others.

More Practice

I?ll never forget the city where I spent my child-hood with Mary (我和玛丽在那里度过童年时光).

He won a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor.

(全家人认为这是个了不起的荣誉).

2. They also show people who look like those we need to educate, since …

What do “they” and “people” refer to?

They = These books, people = the pictures

这些书籍也展示一些看上去和那些需要接受教育的人很相似的图片，……3. Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have always been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS.

Despite... , …尽管······，还是······

Despite a lot of difficulties, he managed to finish the work within three weeks.

尽管有许多困难，他还是设法在三周内完成了工作。

He failed in the exam a third time despite his continuous hard working.

他第三次考试未通过，尽管他一直都很努力。

4. Like no other plague before, the AIDS epidemic threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leave another without parents.

leave sth./sb. ... 让某人/物处于某状态······

The trial left a lot of questions unanswered.

Don?t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外边雨中等着。

I wish you?d stop leaving the door open. It?s cold outside.

外面那么冷，我希望你不要再让门开着。

5. This is an undeclared war that everyone must sign up for in order for us to win. (L65)

Sth./Sb. is …,······是······，

电脑是一种电子装置，这种装置能够储存信息并能根据一套被称为程序的指令做事情。

好老师是那些能够引起学习者学习兴趣的老师。

A computer is an electric machine that can store information and do things with it according to a set of instructions called a program.

The greatest teachers are the ones who can arouse st udents? interests to learn.

StageⅡReproduction

Group work. Suppose you are committee members of the South Carolina AIDS Education Network. Now a meeting is being held to find solutions to the spread of AIDS. After the meeting, send your representative to report your solutions, which are expected to be reasonable, convincing and effective. Make good use of the information in Section A.

A sample beginning

After discussion, we?ve worked out some solutions to the problems we are faced with. To begin with, immediate actions should be taken to collect money to keep our organization going…

StageⅢSummary

Since it was diagnosed in 1970s, AIDS has killed thousands of Americans. Women and youth in rural Southern communities are most likely to be infected with AIDS. In place of the spread of AIDS and lack of government activity to stop it, some local organizations emerged. The South Carolina AIDS Education Network formed to help reduce the number of AIDS cases. In some communities, handing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it is not very effective because many people cannot read. Besides, AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in the rural South. So these groups have developed some best methods of combating the spread of AIDS, which include: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their peers; and redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status. In other words, everyone should sign up for the war against AIDS. StageⅣPractical Writing Invitation

较正式的宴会请柬多用于隆重的社交场合,因此行文中不使用第一人称I 或we，而使用第三人称,如Mr.等。英文请柬常在最后加上R.S.V.P. ，是法文repondez s’il vous plait 的缩写,意思是Please reply。

Sample 1

Mr. Sun Zhiwei requests the pleasure of the company of Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Hua to dinner 7:00 p.m. on Friday, 18th January at Room 402, 102 Jianguo Road (W)

R. S. V. P.

Sample 1

谨定于一月十八日星期五下午七时在建国路102号402室举行晚宴。

敬请张华先生和夫人光临。

孙志伟

Sample 2

李翔先生：

兹定于二零零九年五月五日星期日上午十一点在和平饭店举行女儿孙佳与张汉先生的婚礼。

敬请光临

孙志

军

敬约

赵

梅

Sample 2

Mr. and Mrs. Li Xiang accept with ple asure Mr. and Mrs. Sun Zhijun?s kind invitation to the wedding reception of their daughter Sun Jia and Mr. Zhang Han Sunday, the fifth of May at eleven o?clock forenoon Peace Hotel.

以上是对结婚请柬的回复。此信也可简化如下：

Mr. and Mrs. Li Xiang accept with pleasure Mr. and M rs. Sun Zhijun?s kind invitation for Sunday, the fifth of May.

Sample 2

Mr. and Mrs. Li Xiang regret that they will be unable to accept Mr. and Mrs. Sun Zhijun?s invitation to the wedding reception of their daughter Sun Jia and Mr. Zhang Han.

以上是对婚宴邀请的辞谢。作为被邀请的客人，如不能应邀出席，应尽快予以回复，可不写原因，但说明原因更有礼貌。

StageⅤHomework

1)To ask students to be familiar with the text again and memorize the new words and phrases.

2) Students should be ready for dictation about the key words and sentences.

3) Finish the exercises in Unit 5.

4) Teacher may assign Ss to do …Translation? on p. 112.

5) Useful expressions

20世纪70年代末期in the late 1970s

20世纪70年代初期in the early 1970s

20世纪70年代中期in the middle 1970s

资源resources

出版物publication

文学literature

受教育比例低 a low literacy rate

高死亡率 a high death rate

婚姻状况marriage status

经济状况economic status

就业情况job status

法律地位legal status

效率efficiency

效率低下inefficiency

6)Writing

Write a paragraph, following the problem-solution-evaluation pattern.

Topics: Job Problems for Graduates

(For reference)

College graduates find it increasingly difficult to get a rewarding job. One reason perhaps is that many colleges and universities fail to adapt their courses to the development of economy. Second, there is an oversupply of graduates in certain specialties. What should be done to solve this problem? To begin with, the colleges should get students out of the ivory tower and have their courses meet the needs of industry and business so as to suit the on-going development of the national economy. Second, the government should provide college graduates with more opportunities to develop new skills. The third solution, I think, is to adopt strong measures of birth control because the greater the population, the less the opportunity for every-one to get a job.