中考英语名词专项

▲名词专项:

一、名词分专有名词和普通名词

1.专有名词:表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。(首字母大写)例如:

China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。例如:the

Great Wall 长城

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),例如:the Greens

格林一家人

2.普通名词:表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:

teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革

普通名词又可进一步分为四类

1) 个体名称:表示单个的人和事物。

house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片

2) 集体名称:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。

people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团

3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。

fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶

4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力

二、名词分可数名词和不可数名词

1.可数名词,有复数形式,如:an apple two apples a car some cars

(1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s. 例如:bags,maps,pens,desks,workers

(2) 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es.例如:buses watches boxes

(3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s.例如:licences blouses oranges

(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词去y改i加-es.例如:babies families

(5) 名词以-f 或-fe 结尾的,把-f 或-fe 变成-ves. 例

如:bookshelves,wives,knives

注:英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有:

man men woman women foot feet tooth teeth mouse nice sheep sheep dear dear fish fish

英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现,例如:

scissors 剪刀goods 货物trousers 裤子clothes 衣服glasses 玻璃杯

2.不可数名词,没有复数形式. (抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词)如:san沙sugar糖(1)最常见的不可数名词有:

advice,baggage,change,furniture,hair,homework,information,knowledge ,luggage,money, news,progress,traffic

(2)其它不可数名词还有:

absence,age,anger,courage,energy,equipment,experience,failure,fear, food,fun,health,

ice,industry,kindness,labour,luck,marriage,music,nature,paper,peace,plea sure,power,

pride,rain,research,respect,safety,salt,sand,silence,sleep,strength,snow ,technology,

time,trade,transport,travel,trust,truth,waste,water,wealth,weather,wind, work

3.名词的所有格:主格,宾格和所有格

名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,其构成法如下:

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s,例如:Childern’s Day my sister’s book

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’,例如:Teachers’Day

(3)在不规则复数名词后,要加's,例如:women's clothes

(4)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s,例如:

Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸ten minutes’ break 十分钟的课间休息China’s population 中国的人口

(4)‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,例如:my aunt’s 我阿姨家the doctor’s 诊所

(5)两人共有某物时,可以采用A and B’s 的形式,例如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom 露西和丽丽合住的卧室

(6)“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,例如:

a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友 a friend of mine 我的一位朋友

2017中考英语真题分类汇编名词

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