【英语】高考必刷题英语阅读理解题及解析

【英语】高考必刷题英语阅读理解题及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Several years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me something about their passwords. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the pressure they put on our memory and the endless demand to update them. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we can remember them, they take on secret lives.

There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back. And there was a childless 45-year-old woman whose password is the name of the baby she lost in her 25 (her way of trying to keep him alive, I guess).

Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used "incorrect" for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically promoted them with the right one ("your password is incorrect").

Some passwords were striking for their uniqueness. After reading Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean in: Women, Work and the Will to Lead, Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role model and began using "Wwssdol9", which stood for "What would Sheryl Sandberg do" plus "19" for the year (2019) of the password's creation. "TnsitTpsif" was the password of another friend, a computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stood for "The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false". For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie.

The 4622 that my wife used in her passwords was not just the address of her father's childhood home but also a reminder of his strength. Apparently, when the former 120 kg football standout was a small boy, he had to sing his home address (4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath rather than try to say it normally. Otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would embarrass him.（1）Why did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his password?

A.To rebuild his reputation.

B.To remind him to act legally.

C.To fight against his poor memory.

D.To hide the unpleasant experience.

（2）What did Cortni Kerr think of Sheryl Sandberg's book?

A.Doubtful.

B.Interesting.

C.Creative.

D.Inspiring.

（3）What might be the best title for the text?

A.The reasons why people hate passwords.

B.The unusual passwords.

C.The secret lives of passwords.

D.The best ways to make your passwords unique.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“There was a former prisoner whose passw ord includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back.”可知这名坐过牢的囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪）。因此选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role model and began using ‘Wwssdol9’, which stood for ‘What would Sheryl Sandberg do’plus '19’ for the year (2019) of the password's creation.”可知Cortni Kerr读完Sheryl Sandberg's book的书后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出Cortni Kerr认为Sheryl Sandberg的书很激励人心。故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。选项C. The secret lives of passwords.“密码里的人生秘密”为短文的最佳标题。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods(间冰期)in northwest Greenland.

Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. "As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there," Axford said. "We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙)."

This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,"

said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today," said Axford.

People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.

Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.

（1）Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?

A.They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.

B.They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.

C.They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.

D.They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.

（2）The new information about Greenland is important because______________.

A.researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speed

B.it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warming

C.people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in Greenland

D.it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming

（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits.

B.People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.

C.Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.

D.Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.

（4）Which do you think is the best title of the passage?

A.Greenland Used to Be Much Greener

B.Earth Once Experienced Warm Periods

C.Coastal Cities Warned of Coming Disasters

D.Northwest Greenland, A Perfect Destination

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在古代沉积物中发现的一条微小线索揭开了格陵兰岛过去和未来气候的大秘密。就在广阔的格陵兰冰原的西北边缘，研究人员发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥。现在研究人员认为，格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland.”在格陵兰岛西北部，泥浆和常见苍蝇的残骸记录了两次间冰期；以及第二段中的“Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. ”尽管研究人员很早就知道这两个时期——全新世早期和最后一次间冰期——在北极经历了变暖，但混合的蝇类表明格陵兰岛甚至比之前认为的还要热。可知，在前两段中提到苍蝇的残骸是为了证明格陵兰岛的温度比之前认为的要高得多。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviou r. ”可知，这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对气候变暖的敏感性。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. ‘Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,’” 可知，格陵兰岛覆盖了这个北极国家的80%，拥有相当于全球海平面20英尺的冰。“格陵兰西北部可能真的感觉很遥远，但冰盖的变化将关系到世界上每个沿海城市的每个人。”故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文通过最新的发现——最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥及湖泥中的苍蝇残骸及其相关研究说明格陵兰岛之前可能更暖和。因此，本文的最佳标题应为“格陵兰岛曾经更加绿色”。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.

Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.

But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then

to walk by himself and then to run.

He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.

In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.

A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.

（1）The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A. present an argument

B. make preparations for statement

C. arouse readers' interest

D. function as a brief introduction

（2）What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?

A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.

B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.

C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.

D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt" of his body.

（3）What do we know about Glenn?

A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.

B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.

C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.

D. Glenn organized a track team in college.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Strengthen determination

B. Stand up after failure

C. Go after dreams

D. Face difficulty bravely

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. 和 But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But what makes you is not your failure, but how you

get back up after being hit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”可知本文最佳主题是B项Stand up after failure。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

4．阅读理解

There's a song by the great Jamaican singer Bob Marley called So Much Trouble In The World. Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too––– that's why it made Nov 16th “International Day for Tolerance”.

But first of all, what is tolerance? According to French philosopher Voltaire, tolerance is the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty (脆弱) and error; let us pardon each other's fool–––that is the first law of nature.”

Very often, people don't realize that they're intolerant. This is because intolerance has a lot to do with ignorance. For example, the UN's campaign is in part about the treatment of females by males. But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don't put themselves in the shoes of women.

It's worth thinking a little abou t the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”. Are they the best words to describe the evils of which we're speaking here? To agree to be “tolerant” of someone isn't necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there's something wrong with them.

Still, what Voltaire said stands: We humans are not perfect and this weakness is something that we all share. That's the reason we should be tolerant. It's a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.

（1）What's the purpose of the UN “International Day For Tolerance”?

A. To arouse people's awareness of tolerance among people.

B. To celebrate the founding of the UN.

C. To solve the problem of global warming.

D. To change peopled opinion towards globalization.

（2）Why do men behave intolerantly towards women?

A. Because men don't realize the purpose of the UN.

B. Because men are physically stronger than women.

C. Because men don't appreciate the shoes of women.

D. Because men are not willing to understand women.

（3）Why is it meaningless to use the words “tolerance” and “intolerance”?

A. Because they are hard to pronounce in English.

B. Because they don't express the exact meaning people refer to.

C. Because they can't be translated into other languages.

D. Because they can't be used in a

respectful way.

（4）In what sense is “tolerance” similar to “generosity”?

A. Humans are advised to treat others better.

B. Humans leant to find faults in others.

C. Humans need to give something to others.

D. Humans will change their attitudes to others.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。人们天性是脆弱的不完美的，容易犯错误的，因此包容是人性的体现。文章通过分析解释人们要宽容待人。

（1）考查推理判断题。根据第一段二、三两句“Marley understood that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance between people. The UN understands this too --- that's why it made Nov 16th 'International Day for Tolerance'.”可推断，世界上的人们缺乏包容，因此联合国把11月16日设置为“国际宽容日”是为了唤起人们的包容意识。故答案选A。

（2）考查推理判断题。根据第三段尾句“But often, the behavior of men toward women is intolerant because men don't put themselves in the shoes of women.”可知，男性对女性不包容是因为他们不愿意设身处地的为女性着想，不愿意理解她们。故答案选D。

（3）考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段后三句“Are they the best wo rds to describe the evils of which we're speaking here? To agree to be 'tolerant' of someone isn't necessarily a very respectful thing. When someone is tolerated, it implies that there's something wrong with them.”可知，对某人宽容并不一定是一件值得尊重的事情，某人如果被包容，就暗示着某人有问题，因此推断使用“宽容”或者“不宽容”是没有意义的，因为它们不能准确表达人们所指的意思。故答案选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“It's a little like generosity. We can give things to another person, and we can also give our forgiveness.”可推断，在我们给与别人谅解时，宽容有点像慷慨。故答案选C。

【点评】本题型考查了对文章段落或某一板块的理解概括能力。先阅读问题，然后带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。在词义与句义理解的基础上，结合上下文总结归纳某一段或几段的大意，对于把握文章主旨，分析全文结构都是至关重要的。

5．阅读理解

When we think of a generation gap we usually think of conflicting tastes in music, or pastimes. But now the generation gap is handwriting. After one teacher in Tennessee discovered that she had students who couldn't read the assignments she was writing on the board, she posted it on the Internet saying handwriting should be taught in schools.

Opponents claim that handwriting has become out of time in our modern world. Typed words have become a primary form of communication. Once a practical kill handwriting is no longer used by the vast majority of Americans. It is no longer taught in schools, and some claim that the

time that it would take to teach it could be put to better use, for instance, by teaching the technical skills.

But even in today's world there are still plenty of reasons to pick up a pen and apply it to paper. Many American institutions still require original signatures, for instance, signing for a registered letter and buying a house. And original signatures are much more difficult to forge(伪造) than their digital counterparts. There is also strong evidence that writing by hand is good for the mind. It activates a different part of the brain, and improves fine moving skills in young children. People also tend to remember what they write by hand more than what they type, and the process of writing by hand has been shown to stimulate ideas. Besides, studies have shown that kids who write by hand learn to read and spell earlier than those who don't. Not to mention, handwriting is pleasing, as is evidenced by the fact that no one has ever typed a love letter. And handwriting remains popular as an art form.

Yes, we live in a modern world, but we live in a modern world that is based on fundamental values.

（1）What did the teacher find in her class?

A. Her students had a big generation gap with her.

B. Her handwriting was too terrible to understand.

C. Some students could not recognize her handwriting on the blackboard.

D. Some students handwriting on the blackboard was too difficult to tell.

（2）Why do some people agree to teach handwriting in school?

A. Handwriting is easy to remember.

B. Handwriting is beneficial to the brain.

C. Handwriting can help one buy a house.

D. Handwriting is an art form out of time.

（3）What can we infer from the passage?

A. Handwriting is widely used in America.

B. What people write by hand is not easy to recognize.

C. Handwriting is emphasized in our modern society.

D. Those with good handwriting may perform better in their studies.

（4）What is the author's attitude towards teaching handwriting in school?

A. Opposed.

B. Objective.

C. Unconcerned.

D. Favorable.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了现代社会手写被逐渐忽视，手写的益处和优点，支持学校教书写的社会现象。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“After one teacher in Tennessee discovered that she had students who couldn't read the assignments she was writing on the board, she posted it on the Internet saying handwriting should be taught in schools.”可知田纳西的一位老师发现她的一些学生读不出写在黑板的作业，所以选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“There is also strong evidence that writing by hand is good for the mind. It activates a different part of the brain, and improves fine moving skills in young

children.”可知手写对大脑有益。故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“And original signatures are much more difficult to forge(伪造) than their digital counterparts.”可知原始笔迹更难伪造，可知人们手写出来的不易伪造，所以选D。

(4)考查观点态度。根据作者在第二段第三段陈述的书写有很多好处，可知作者支持在学校教书写，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Life Is Beautiful is a 1997 Italian film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni. The film was a critical and financial success, winning Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

In 1939 in the Kingdom of Italy, a bookstore keeper Guido, who is a Jew, falls in love with a local school teacher, Dora, who is to be engaged to a rich civil servant. Guido steals her from her engagement party on a horse. Soon they are married and have a son, Giosue.

In 1945, Guido and his son are forced onto a train and taken to a concentration camp. Despite being a non-Jew, Dora demands to be on the same train to join her family. In the camp, Guido hides their true situation from his son, telling him that the camp is a complicated game in which Giosue must perform the tasks Guido gives him, earning him points；the first team to reach 1,000 points will win a tank.

Guido uses this game to explain features of the concentration camp that would otherwise be scary for a young child. Despite being surrounded by the misery, sickness and death at the camp, Giosue does not question this fiction because of his father's convincing performance and his own innocence. Guido keeps the story right until the end when, in the chaos（混乱）of shutting down the camp as the Americans approach, he tells his son to stay in a small box until everybody has left, this being the final competition before the tank is his. Guido tries to find Dora, but is caught and killed by a Nazi soldier. As he is taken away to be shot, he maintains the fictions of the game by marching in a goose-step o n purpose…

（1）How many Academy Awards does the film win?

A. One

B. Two

C. Three

D. Four

（2）What kind of person is Dora?

A. Loving and responsible.

B. Money-loving and foolish.

C. Romantic and hot-headed.

D. Brave and intelligent

（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Guido lies to make their life more interesting.

B. Giosue regards all that happens as a game.

C. Nazi soldiers killed all the Jews in the camp.

D. Giosue finally knows the truth.

（4）This passage is most probably taken from a(n) ________.

A. game brochure

B. travel journal

C. history book

D. entertainment magazine

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，作者详细介绍了这部电影的内容。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The film was a critical and financial success, winning Benigni the Academy Award for Best Actor as well as the Academy Award for Best Original Dramatic Score and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.”可知Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Despite being a non-Jew, Dora demands to be on the same train to join her family.可”知虽然Dora不是犹太人，但是她决定和她的家人一起前往集中营，由此可知Dora非常痴情和负责任，故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Guido tries to find Dora, but is caught and killed by a Nazi soldier. As he is taken away to be shot, he maintains the fictions of the game by marching in a goose-step on purpose…”可知Guido马上就要被一名纳粹士兵杀死了，但他仍然故意走正步，好像在做游戏，由此推断出Giosue把发生的一切都当作一个游戏，故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。本文介绍了Life Is Beautiful这部电影一共获得了三个奥斯卡金像奖，并且作者对于这部电影的内容进行了详细的介绍，所以这篇文章最可能出自一本娱乐杂志，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

One day a very skilled artist met a beautiful woman who immediately became the object of his affections. As he observed her and spoke with her, he admired her more and more. He showered her with kindness and words of praise until she consented to be his wife.

Not long after they were married, however, the beautiful woman found out that she was more the object of his artistic interest than of his affections. When he admired her classic beauty, it was as though he were standing in front of a work of art rather than in front of a human being to whom he had pledged his love and promised his life. And soon he expressed his great desire to put her rare beauty on canvas.

“Please sit for me in the workroom,” he pleaded, “and I will make your beauty permanent. The work will be my masterpiece!”

She was humble and patient as well as flattered by his words, so she said, “Yes, my love. I will be happy to sit for you.” So the beautiful, young wife of the artist sat meekly for hours in his

studio, not complaining. Day after day she sat patiently, smiling as she posed, because she loved him and because she hoped that he would see her love in her smile and obedience. She sometimes wanted to call out to him, “Please love me and want me as a person r ather than as an object!” But instead, she spoke nothing but words which pleased him.

At length, as the labor drew to close, the painter became wilder in his passion for his work. He only rarely turned his eyes from the canvas to look at his wife. As he stood there gazing at his beautiful work of art, he cried with a loud voice, “This is indeed life itself!” Then he turned to his beloved and saw that she was dead!

（1）In what way did the artist express his appreciation of his wife's rare beauty?

A. He put her classic beauty on canvas.

B. He promised to marry her.

C. He centered his deep affection on her.

D. He pledged his love and promised his life to her.（2）What can be inferred from the story?

A. The artist loved his work more than his wife.

B. The artist didn't really understand what is beauty.

C. The wife was fooled to sacrifice for his art creation.

D. The wife loved his painting more than herself.

（3）What did the artist mean by saying “This is indeed life itself!”？

A. He appreciated his life of painting.

B. He was grateful to his wife.

C. His work was more true to life than life itself.

D. His effort was really worth it.

（4）What would be the best title for this passage?

A. A Well-matched Couple

B. A Devoted Artist

C. A Rare Masterpiece

D. A Stupid Wife

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，有一位技艺超群的画家遇到一位美丽的女士，顿生爱意。他关怀备至，赞不绝口，终于使她答应嫁给他，婚后不久这位美女就发现，丈夫对她如此感兴趣却并非爱她，而是欣赏艺术。画家是一位充满激情、既狂热又郁郁寡欢的人。他完全沉浸在绘画中的时候便只看见想看见的东西。他没有发现，尽管她微笑着，她的身体却在衰弱下去，内心并不快活。终于这幅画完成时，他却发现妻子死了。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“And soon he expressed his great desire to put her rare beauty on canvas.”可知过不久他就强烈表示要把她旷古稀世的美画出来。他想把妻子的倩影画在画布上永远留在人间，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“When he admired her classic beauty, it was as though he were standing in front of a work of art rather than in front of a human being to whom he had pledged his love and promised his life.”可知他称赞她身上的古典美，就好像是站在一件艺术品前欣赏，而不是把她当做活生生的人，当做他发誓要终生相爱的爱人。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“As he stood there gazing at his beautiful work of art, he cried with a loud voice, ‘This is indeed life itself!’”。他站在那儿凝视自己创作的艺术珍品，

不仅高声喊道：“真的，生命就在这儿！可以推断出这位画家善于运用色彩，他画什么像什么，甚至超过原样，好像他能在画布上展示生命。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据全文大意。得知本文讲述了一位技艺超群的画家完全沉浸在绘画中的时候只看见想看见的东西。他完全忽视妻子的感受和变化。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The year 2117 will be an eventful one for art. In May of that year in Berlin, the philosopher-artist Jonathon Keats' “century cameras”— cameras with a 100-year-long exposure (曝光)time—will be brought back from hiding places around the city to have their results developed and exhibited. Six months after that, the Future Library in Oslo, Norway, will open its doors for the first time, presenting 100 books printed on the wood of trees planted in the distant past of 2017. As Katie Paterson, the creator of the Future Library, puts it: “Future Library is an artwork for future generations.” These projects, more than a century in the making, are part of a new wave of slow art intended to push viewers and Participants to think beyond their own lifetimes. They aim to challenge today's short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately. In their way, too, they are fighting against modern culture—not just regarding money, but also the way in which artistic worth is measured by attention.

In a similar fashion, every April on Slow Art Day, visitors are encouraged to stare at five works of art for 10 minutes at a time—a tough task for the average museum visitor, who typically spends less than30seconds on each piece of art.

Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a project for cities, since it's in cities that time runs fastest and the pace of life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I've somehow been quite disconnected,” Anne Beate Hovind, the Future Library project manager, who described how working on the library drew her back to the Pace of life she knew when she was growing up on a farm in her youth, told The Atlantic magazine.

（1）According to the first paragraph, what will NOT happenin2117?

A. A camera which was produced 100 years ago will be exhibited.

B. The Future Library will be0pen to the public for the first time.

C. Photos with a 100-year exposure time will be developed and exhibited.

D. Books printed on the wood of trees planted in 2017 will be displayed.

（2）What can we learn about today's people's attitude toward works of art?

A. They consider works deliberately.

B. They spend little time on Works.

C. They spend much money 0n works.

D. They stare at works for 10 minutes at a time.（3）What is the purpose of the wave of slow art?

A. To advocate creating works of art slowly.

B. To protect works of art from being damaged.

C. To promote works of art for modern culture.

D. To encourage people to pay more attention to works of art.

（4）How would Anne Beate Hovind feel about the city life?

A. It's discouraging

B. It's dull

C. Its developed.

D. It's busy

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了慢速艺术是为了鼓励人们更多地关注艺术作品。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“the philosopher-artist Jonathon Keats' ‘century cameras’—cameras with a 100-year-long exposure (曝光)time—will be brought back from hiding places around the city to have their results developed and exhibited.”可知，在2117年“一架百年前生产的照相机将会展出”是不会发生的。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“visitors are encouraged to stare at five works of art for 10 minutes at a time—a tough task for the average museum visitor, who typically spends less than30seconds on each piece of art.”可知，我们能从今天的人们对艺术作品的态度中了解到“他们很少花时间在工作上。”故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“These projects, more than a century in the making, are part of a new wave of slow art intended to push viewers and Participants to think beyond their own lifetimes. They aim to challenge today's short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately.”可知，慢速艺术的目的是鼓励人们更多地关注艺术作品。故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a project for cities, since it's in cities that time runs fastest and the pace of life is fastest. ‘Since I started living in a city, I've somehow been quite disconnected,’”可知，安妮感觉城市生活是忙碌的。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear.

According to a team of researchers at MIT, both cases may be possible before long, thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or clothing.

Solar energy is only available about half the time we need it — during daylight. For the sun to become a major power provider for human needs, there has to be an efficient way to save it up for use during nighttime and stormy days. Most such efforts have focused on storing and

recovering solar energy in the form of electricity, but the new finding, by MlI professor Jeffrey Grossman, Postdoc David Zhitomirsky and graduate student Eugene Cho, could provide a highly efficient method for storing the sun's energy through a chemical reaction and releasing it later as heat.

The key to enabling long-term, stable storage of solar heat, the team said, is to store it in the form of a chemical change rather than storing the heat itself. But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. When exposed to sunlight, the molecules can stay that way for long periods Then, when triggered (触发)by a very specific temperature or something else, the molecules return to their original shape , giving off heat in the process.

Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. But those earlier efforts were designed to be used in liquid solutions and not able to make durable (耐用的) solid-state films. The new approach is the first based on a solid-state material, in this case a polymer, and the first based on inexpensive materials and widespread production technology.

（1）What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?

A.To show the main idea of the passage.

B.To practice readers' imagination.

C.To interest readers in the passage.

D.To introduce a new kind of material.

（2）According to the passage, what can the polymer film do?

A.It can be made into window glass.

B.It can make necessary electricity.

C.It can store energy and release sunshine.

D.It can absorb sunshine and give off heat.

（3）According to the passage, what is STF based on?

A.The chemical reaction.

B.The movement of heat.

C.The form of electricity.

D.The physical reaction.

（4）What is the advantage of the molecular configuration?

A.It is less expensive.

B.It is very powerful.

C.It is easily available.

D.It is less changeable.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型材料，它可以通过自身吸热并储存热量，之后能够根据需要释放热。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the sun's energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear. ”想象一下你的衣服可以释放足够的热量让你温暖和舒适，让你可以在冰冷的房间里保持舒适。或者，再想象一下车的挡风玻璃可以储存太阳的能量，然后释放热量使挡风玻璃上的冰消失)可推测，本段以衣服和骑车挡风玻璃为例，提到了如果衣服能够吸热和放热、汽车的挡风玻璃能够吸热和自动除冰那该是多么好的事，以此来吸引对着对本文的兴趣。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or clothing. ”多亏了这种能在白天吸热之后以热能形式释放的新型材料，这个透明的聚合物膜可以应用于许多不同的表面，如窗户玻璃或服装)可知，这种聚合物膜可以吸热，此后再以热能的形式释放出来。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. ”这种以化学反应为基础的储存材料，即太阳能热燃料(STF)，以前就已经被开发出来了，可知，STF是以化学反应为基础。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. ”但是热量会随着时间的推移而消失，不管周围的物质有多好，所以研究小组建立了一个化学储存系统，可以将能量保持在一个稳定的分子结构中)可推断，这种分子结构的优势是相对稳定。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

One of the hardest parts of living abroad is being away from your loved ones, especially your family. While my friends are so important to me, I've personally found it more difficult being away from family.

However, I was fortunate that my mum and sister recently found the time to see me. Both my sister and I have major birthdays this year as she's tuming 18 and I'll be 21. My sister is a very big music fan and this year, I created my status as the best older sister by keeping an eye out for music concerts in Paris. In our home town of Leicester, we don't regularly get many well-known artists playing in our city. But in Paris, I managed to get the best 18th birthday present of all: tickets for all three of us to see my sister's favorite American rapper, Angel Haze.

I will try to visit for my sister's actual birthday in June, the chance for my sister and my mum to visit became a birthday treat. The experience of finding our way together to the concert or getting to show them around the Paris sites such as the Eiffel Tower,the Arc du Triomphe and even my favorite ice cream place,Amorino, was an amazing memory for us all !Despite the fact that I felt the slight pressure to make sure the weekend went smoothly,even the heavy rain failed

to dampen our mood.

Therefore, while it can be difficult being away from home and potentially missing big family moments,there are ways to avoid the sadness and find a way to make the best of your situation to create an unforgettable memory. Just like the continuing rain while we went up the Eiffel tower, every cloud has a silver lining, because then we got the funniest photos ever!

（1）What can be known about the author while living abroad?

A. She knew her friends were all homesick.

B. She realized friends were more important.

C. She somewhat missed her parents and siblings.

D. She knew she she do her best to study.（2）What do you know about the author from the second paragraph?

A. She disliked the dull and dry life in her hometown.

B. She in fact loved music no less than her sister.

C. She thought American rapper was the most popular.

D. She showed deep love for her younger sister.

（3）What does the underlined word“dampen”mean in the passage?

A. Inspire.

B. Damage.

C. Protect.

D. Remind.

（4）How does the author describe herself in the passage?

A. She is easy to be homesick.

B. She is responsible for her family.

C. She has a positive attitude.

D. She is skilled in taking photos.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者以自己的亲身经历，告诉读者：想家是在外的学子们的共同感受，在异乡看到亲人时的感觉是难以用语言去形容的。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，身在异乡的作者也会时不时地思念家中的亲人，故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，作者的妹妹喜欢音乐，她便想尽一切办法给妹妹买到音乐会演出的票，做了一个名副其实的好姐姐，由此可知，选D。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Despite the fact that I felt the slight pressure to make sure the weekend went smoothly, even the heavy rain failed to dampen our mood.”可知，作者带着母亲和妹妹在巴黎游玩地非常高兴，由此可知大雨没有破坏她们的情绪，故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Just like the continuing rain while we went up the Eiffel tower, every cloud has a silver lining, because then we got the funniest photos ever!”可知，虽然作者和家人在雨中登上埃菲尔铁塔，但是在云彩的衬托下他们所拍的照片非常美，作者对待困难的态度非常积极，由此可知，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生在捕捉细节信息的同时，需根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.

Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health.

Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in commonly consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation (吸入)using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year.

The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. "This shows that small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact." Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate "the accumulative human exposure" to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans' caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content.

For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.（1）What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body?

A.The quality.

B.The quantity.

C.The shape.

D.The size.

（2）How did Kieran Cox's team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics?

A.By studying papers.

B.By comparing the impacts.

C.By analyzing the data.

D.By conducting experiments.

（3）Which of the following is true according to the text?

A.Drinking less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics.

B.The study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.

C.Cox's team gained comprehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans.

D.People consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.The Potential Problems of Microplastics

B.Microplastics Coming From Various Sources

C.Microplastics Found Within Human Bodies

D.The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body”微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ra nges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles.”基兰·考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The authors of the study found that people wh o drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water.”这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.”微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Michele Gentile, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle.

Michele owns Ex Libris Cafe in Polla, a small town in southern Italy. He said he thought of the recycling program because he wanted to inspire children in the small town to read and pay attention to the environment.

"My goal is t0 spread the passion and love for books among those people in Italy who do not usually read while at the time helping the environment," Gentile explained.

The idea for the initiative (倡议) came after Gentile collaborated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. Working together, the schoolchildren and Gentile collected enough cans to purchase books for an entire classroom. His new program too off from there and has already spread into northern Italy: Gentile's hopes his work will continue to make headlines and become a worldwide initiative.

The free books come from customers in Gentile's shop who have donated money to purchase a "suspended" book. The idea comes from a World War II practice in which customers would buy two Coffees: one for themselves and another for the next person in line. Gentile has been using the extra books as part of his recycling initiative,

While Gentile's program is a great way to recycle and get kids to read, it also brings awareness to the growing problem of plastic waste. Single-use plastics make up around 26 percent of all the plastics in the world, only 14 percent of which are recycled. Plastics that end up in landfills take around 500 years to decompose (分解), is a major concern for environmentalists.

Cutting down on plastic waste is important if we want to better the environment for future generations, and recycling programs like Gentile's book giveaway are a great way to meet that goal.

（1）What is the purpose of Gentile's book giveaway?

A.To sell more coffee and books.

B.To attract more customers.

C.To collect money for a new project.

D.To inspire reading and recycling.

（2）How did Gentile come up with the idea?

A.Working with a school to recycle cans.

B.Seeing school kids don't like reading.

C.Donating books for a local school.

D.Buying a “suspended” book for a child.

（3）Who pay for the books of the project?

A.The local government.

B.Gentile himself.

C.Some publishers.

D.His customers.

（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A.An Italian's Reading Initiative

B.Recycling Can Get Kids Free Books

C.Michele's Way of Doing Business

D.A New Way to Deal with Plastic Waste

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，意大利书商Michele Gentile发起了一项“拿瓶换书”的活动，只要孩子们拿一个塑料瓶和一个铝罐就可以跟他换一本书，以此来鼓励孩子们阅读和环保。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He said he thought of the recycling program, because he wanted to inspire children in the small t own to read and pay attention to the environment. ”他说他想到了环保的项目，他想启发和鼓励这个小镇的孩子们阅读和关注环保)可知，Michele的目的是鼓励和启发孩子们阅读和环保。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The idea for the initiative (倡议) came after Gentile collaborated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. ”这个倡议的想法是在和附近的一个中学合作铝回收项目之后产生的，可知，和一所中学合作铝回收的项目让Michele有了这个想法。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“The free books come from customers in Gentile's shop who have donated money to purchase a ''suspended" book. ”这些免费图书来自于Gentile书店的顾客，他们捐钱买了一本“暂停使用”的书，可知，书店的顾客为图书付了钱。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Michele Gentile, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle. ”一位名叫Michele Gentile的书商正在为孩子们提供可回收的塑料瓶可以换得的免费书籍，可知，本文主要讲述Michele Gentile让孩子通过可回收利用的塑料瓶来换免费书籍的故事。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Oil is essential for modern life. About 64 percent of the world's oil is located in the Middle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil are Europe, America, and Japan. The problem lies in getting the oil from the countries that produce it to the countries that consume it. This is mainly done using oil tankers. Usually the oil is shipped safely and with no problems, but occasionally there is a disaster.

Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped around the world each year, this spilled oil can have terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore.

One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the