高考英语语法填空技巧与方法

高考英语语法填空技巧与方法

高考英语语法填空技巧与方法

一、学前热身

The woman often called the First Lady of New York died on August. Brooke Astor was one hundred and five years old. The extremely wealthy and famous New Yorker spent much of her life __1__(help)the needy in her beloved city.

She was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was the only child of a high level military officer. After two earlier __2__(marry) ，she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again. He came from a family __3__ had been rich for least on hundred years. Among other things, he owned many buildings in New York City. Brooke Astor became one of the __4__(rich)women in the world when Vincent Astor died. She also became head of a huge charity organization_ _5__(found) by her husband. He repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving __6__ his money. And apparently she did. Missus Astor gave tens of millions of dollars __7__(main)to places and people in New York City. She said it was the sensible choice because that was __8__ the money had been made. She gave financial support to the city’s cultural centers，its poor and disabled as __9__ as to many other smaller charities. When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today __10__ her support.

二、题型介绍

(1)短文来源：都来自网上。

(2)短文长度：170-200词。

(3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。

(4)短文题材：或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。

(5)考点设置：

①纯空格题：设6-7个小题。

②用括号中所给词填空：设3-4个小题。

(6)答案特点：

①纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。

②用括号中所给词填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成？两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。

③所填词(答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。

④两年都有所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。

三、解题高招

（一）通读全文，把握大意。

既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。

（二）结合语境，试填空格。

读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：

(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。

逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：

技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如：

[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second.

技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词，很可能是填限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)。

如：[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly.

[例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.

技巧3：句子不缺主语、宾语、表语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。

[例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house.

技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。

[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.

技巧5：若两句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。

[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou.

[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy…

技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。

[例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. [例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary.

技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。如：

[例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)!

(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。如：

[例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：

[例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists…

[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.

(4)so /such…that…句型。如：

[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey.

(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。如：

[例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays.

(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。

技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)

解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep 是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。

[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her

Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)

解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。

[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)

解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated 可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。

技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：

(1)作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：

[例20] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007年佛山一模)

解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。

[例21] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…解析：句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。

(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：

[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。[例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33___ (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)

解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。

(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：[例24] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模)

解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。

[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests.

解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词followed作伴随状语。

(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。如：

[例26] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年广州二模)

解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。[例27] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)

解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。

(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧

根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：

[例28] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

[例29] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。

[例30] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject

解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。

技巧11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：

[例31] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.

解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。

[例32] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模)

解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。

[例33] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading…(2008年三校联考)

解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。

技巧12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：

[例34] …the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)

解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。

[例35] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。

技巧13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：

[例36] As I looked ___32___ (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模)

解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。

[例37] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末) 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。

[例38]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ___33___ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)

解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。

技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。如：[例39] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).

解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。

[例40] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.

解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意可知，错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填unnecessary。

技巧15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词

[例41]…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist ___34___ (attract)…(2008年广州一模)

解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attraction。

[例42]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)

解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。

[例43]Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico’s border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.

The ___33___ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007梅州二模)

解析：结合前段内容，特别是the的提示，可知要用bad的最高级worst，表示“最严重的”。

3. 重读全文，解决难题。

在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。

高中语法填空专练练及解题技巧

解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是：

一、浏览全文把握语篇

浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。

二、边读边填先易后难

在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。

三、验证复查清除难点

有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。

另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。

二、语法填空专练（一）

阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）

（1）Using Garbage as a Fuel Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look ____1___ coal, petroleum, or natural gas, __2_____ they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels(料). As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as _____3___ energy source.

Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United Sta tes _____4__( burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam _____5___ is produced is used to m ake electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power pla

____6____ of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by bur ning almost a half million barrels of oil!

But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns _____7 ___(easy), such as food and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. Another problem is that burning ga rbage can _____8____ the air.

Our fossil fuel supplies are ____9____. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage ___10____(pile) up on the earth.

（2 ）

The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is the most __1____(influence) book i n my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen K eller was once in deep despair in her __2____, but finally she decided to o vercome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great p atience__3____ her long and hard learning period.

I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships __4____(bravety). Ma ybe you are born under an ill star yet you can stand a better chance __5__ __ others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage__6____ co urage is needed. Second, the impairment of part of her senses did not stop__ 7____ learning: on the contrary, she had made continual __8____ to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overc ome many handicaps. __9____, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we __10____(lose) them soon because this way we would ob serve the world more carefully than ever before.

（3）

(1) The villagers all look forward to ________ (benefit)from the railway to be built in their village.

(2) It just rains ___________ ( slight ) . It doesn’t matter whether you bring your umbrella or not.

(3) _________ amazed me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.

(4) The train runs ________ the forests and _________the mountains.

（4）

Most scientists think the universe began with a “Big Bang” 1 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago, the dust settled into 2 solid globe, 3 exploded with fire and rock and formed the earth’atmosphere.

As the water appeared on the earth, the 4 ( harm )gases and acids was dissolved into the oceans and seas, which made it possible for life 5 (develop) on the earth.

Many millions of years 6 , the first planets appearedon the water and they produced oxygen. Thanks to the oxygen,all kinds of life 7 ( appear ) on the earth. Until 2.6 million years ago, the human being’sancestors began to develop all over the earth one after another. But their 8 ( activity) produced too much dioxide into the air, 9 ( cause )global warming problem. So the earth will be 10 danger.

三、语法填空专练（二）

(1)

In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money

helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31. ____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18!

(2)

Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence.

To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twa in concert.”

Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?”

(3)

People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.

The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book.

(4)

When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then.

When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _____6____ (have) a look first, or you will go ____7____ wrong way.

In many English cities, there are big buses ____8_____ two floors. You can sit on the ______9____ (two) floor. From ____10_____ you can see the city very well. It’s very interesting.

(5)

____1____ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women ___2_____ any clothes on, and he and his ____3____ always tried to keep the small girl out ____4____ he was doing this, “She is ____5_____ young to understand,” they said.

But one day, when the artist _____6____ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ____7____ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _____8___ her parents waited for her to speak.

For a few seconds the little girl said ____9_____, but then she ran to her mother and said

let me?”

(6)

Most Americans don’t like to get advice ____1___ members of their family. They get advice from “_____2___ (strange)”. When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. _____3___ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _____4___ give advice on many different subjects ______5___ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, ____6___ even on how to buy a house or a car.

Most newspapers _____7____ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are _____8____ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, ____9____ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special ____10___ (train) for this kind of work.

(7)

Without proper planning, tourism can cause______1____. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places _____2_____ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民) of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become _____3_____ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists _____4____ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. ______5_____ is important to think about the people of a destination country and _____6______ tourism affects them. Tourism should help _____7_____ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and _____8_____ (happy) of local inhabitants.

Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism ______9_____ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work _____10_____ the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the cou ntry’s economy can suffer.

(8)

London was awarded _____1____ 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, ______2_____ (defeat) European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital ______3____ the first time since 1948.

_____4____ Moscow, New York and Madrid were eliminated (淘汰) in the first three rounds London beat Paris 54—50 on the fourth ballot(投票表决) of the IOC.

In London crowds cheered and waved flags as _____5____ watched the announcement from Singapore _____6_____ a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area _____7____ the main Olympic complex (建筑群) will be based.

Blair spent two days in lobbying(游说) in Singapore ____8____ leaving to host the G8 summit (8国峰会) in Scotland. “My promise to you is we will be your very ______9___ (good) partners,” Blair said.

It’s the fourth bid (申办) from Britain after _____10____ (fail) attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olympics and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000.

(9)

Why is setting goals so ______1_____? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything ____2_____ you want in life. Instead _____3____ just letting life happen to you, goals allow ______4_____ to make your life happen.

_____5_____ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It’s _____6____ having a map to show you _____7____ you want to go.

and then get there by making plans and _____8___ (set) goals. Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. Goals aren’t difficult to set, and _____9_____aren’t difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are ____10____one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life.

(10)

We often think of future. We often wonder ____1_the world will be like a hundred year s’ time. Think of ____2___ space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon _____3___ (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as _____4___. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, _____5___ (permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting _____6____ planets. Great progress will have been made _____7___ medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time. _____8_____ the world will have been developed—even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, _____9____ floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities ____10____ the sea.

参考答案

1．[解析]sb. spend time (in) doing sth.某人花(时间，精力)做某事。[答案]helping

2．[解析]从下文she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again.得知，她以前经历了两次婚姻

[答案]marriages

3．[解析]had been rich前缺主语。这是定语从句，只能用that/which。[答案]that/which

4．[解析]根据句意得知是最富有的。[答案]richest

5．[解析]found创办，成立；建立，过去分词短语作定语，表被动。[答案]founded

6．[解析]give away赠送；赠予；颁发。[答案]away

7．[解析]adv.大部分地；主要地。[答案]mainly

8．[解析]句子the money had been made主谓齐全。根据句意是因为这些钱应该用于人们和社会。[答案]where

9．[解析]as well as也，又，和。[答案]well

10．[解析]没有她的支持，就成就不了现在的纽约。[答案]without

语法填空专练（一）

（1）

1.like

2. but

3. an

4. have been burning

5. that

6. amount 7 . easily 8. pollute 9. limited 10. piling

垃圾是一种很好的燃料。垃圾看起来不像煤、石油或天然气，但他们的化学成分和矿物燃料类似。当我们用完矿物燃料时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作能源来用。

燃烧垃圾并不是一种新的想法。欧洲和美国的一些城市燃烧垃圾已经有很多年了。燃烧垃圾产生的热量被用来烧水。产生的蒸汽则用来发电或给附近的大楼供热。在法国巴黎，一些电站每年要烧掉200万公吨的城市垃圾。产生的能量差不多相当于燃烧50万桶石油！但是以垃圾作为燃料有一些问题。有些垃圾很容易燃烧，比如食物废料和纸制品，但他们必须要和金属、玻璃和其他不容易燃烧的物质分离开。另一问题就是燃烧垃圾会污染空气。

我们的矿物燃料供应有限。燃烧垃圾或许是一种能源资源，我们可以用它来满足对能源的需求。这种方法也可以减少地球上垃圾的堆积量。

（2）

1.influential,

2.childhood,

3.in,

4.bravely,

5.than,

6.when,

7. her , 8.efforts, 9.Third, 10.would lose

【译文】对我一生最有影响的书

海伦写的《我的生活故事》是对我一生影响最大的一本书。此书全篇充满了勇气，奋斗和信仰。海伦凯勒童年时曾经一度十分消沉，但是最后她决定克服自己生理上的缺陷去快乐地生活。而且她十分耐心地完成了漫长而艰难的学习过程。

最重要的是，从她的经历中，我领悟到了三个道理。首先，她教给我成功之路上经常要勇敢地面对艰难困苦。或许你一生下来身体就有缺陷，但是你依然可以得到比别人更好的机会。因此重要的是当需要勇气的时候，你必须鼓起自己的勇气。第二，她感官上的某些缺陷并没有阻止她的学习，相反地，她不断地努力去钻研知识，坚韧不拔的精神帮助她克服了很多障碍。第三，她建议我们应该很好地利用我们的感官，就好像我们马上就要失去他们一样，因为这样我们就会比以前更仔细地观察这个世界。

（3）

( Key: benefiting; slightly; What; through, over )

则涉及重点语法内容——名词性从句的引导词; (4)是复习两个重要的介词。这样, 既可以复习已学的语法知识, 又可以提高学生的解题技巧和能力。

（4）

1. Between

2. a

3. which

4. harmful

5. to develop

6. later

7. appeared

8. activities

9. causing 10. in

语法填空专练（2）参考答案

(1) 1 reported 2 richest/wealthiest 3 by 4 when 5 by 6 However 7 younger 8 Both 9 acting 10 the

(2) 1 had been stolen 2 at 3 back 4 amazement 5 and 6 hospital 7for 8 the 9 that 10 another

(3) 1 living 2 languages 3 or 4 all 5 Before 6 bigger 7 written 8 a 9 up 10 most

(4) 1 because 2 and 3 work 4 dangerous 5 too 6 Have 7 the 8 with 9 second 10 there

(5) 1 An 2 without 3 wife 4 when/while 5 too 6 was painting 7 after 8 Both 9 nothing 10 angrily

(6) 1 from 2 strangers 3 Instead 4 that/which 5 including 6 and 7 regularly 8 answers 9 others 10 training

(7) 1 problems 2 that/which 3 annoyed 4 and 5 It 6 how 7 a 8 happiness 9 grows 10 in

(8) 1 the 2 defeating 3 for 4 After 5 they 6 on 7 where 8 before 9 best 10 failed

(9) 1 important 2 that 3 of 4 yourself 5 Successful 6 like 7 where 8 setting 9 they 10 the

(10) 1 what 2 / 3 will have been set up 4 tourists/visitors/travelers 5 permitting 6 other 7 in 8 All 9 so/thus/therefore 10 under