(完整)高中英语直接引语与间接引语讲义
直接引语和间接引语
一、概念：直接引语指直接引用别人的话，故必须有引号；间接引语为转述别人的话，无引号。
e.g. He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”(直接引语)
He said that he had gone to the Green Lake the day before. (间接引语)
二、步骤（如何把直接引语变为间接引语）：
连接词→人称→时态→状语→语序
第一步：连接词
1、直接引语为陈述句，用that.
2、直接引语为一般疑问句，用whether或if(主句动词常为ask)
3、直接引语为特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词（what, when, how等）
4、直接引语为祈使句，用tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth.
e.g.
(1)He said, “I went to the Green Lake yesterday.” (陈述句)
He said that …
(2)He asked, “Did you go to the Green Lake yesterday?”
He asked whether /if…
(3)Don’t make so much noise, children!” she said.
She told the children not to make so much noise.
第二步：人称的变化
一般可以通过翻译来转化人称，也可以通过口诀“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”来记忆。
e.g. He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”
He said that he…
翻译出来为：（他说，“我昨天去翠湖了。”），那么转换过来为：（他说,他昨天去了翠湖。）由此可见，翻译出来后人称很好转化。
第三步：时态的变化（引号内的内容向前推一个时态）
e.g. He said,“I went to the Green Lake yesterday.”(一般过去时)
He said that he had gone ... (过去完成时)
【注意】以下几种情况时态不变
①直接引语是客观真理。
The teacher said ,“The earth moves around the sun .”
→ The teacher told me that the earth moves around the sun earth.
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”
→ Jack said that he was doing chores when Tom came to see him
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." → Jack said that he was born on April 21, 1980.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，
时态不变。如：
He said, “I get up at six every morning.”
→ He said that he gets up at six every morning.
第四步：状语的变化
第五步：陈述句语序（易错点）
直接引语的类型间接引语的变化例句
陈述句
间接引语的引导词that可以省略；主句的引述词有say, tell, report, answer, reply, explain, announce, think等；主句一般位于句首；间接引语用陈述句语序。“I’m leaving for Tokyo on business tomorrow”, Mr. Smith said me. →Mr. Smith told me that he was leaving for Tokyo on business the next day.
疑问句
间接引语必须将疑问句语序
一般疑问句
由if/whether引导从句
【注意】
1.直接引语是祈使句，若表示请求，变为间接引语时，应使用ask sb.（not）to do sth.
若表示命令，应该使用tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.
2.直接引语是以let’s 开头的祈使句，变间接时，通常用suggest+动名词/从句
同样，当疑问句并不是表示疑惑，而是建议等时，也可用suggest/advise
e.g. shall we get the ticket first?——he suggest
Why don’t you send it back to the factory?
3.直接引语中凡有When,since,while 引导的从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句时态,从句的时态不变
Grammar Work[语法专练]
1．将下面的直接引语改为间接引语
a. Aunt Emily said to me, “I will take your daughter to the history museum tomorrow.”
____________________________________________________________________________
b. Tom asked, “Do you have the habit of having sports every day?”
____________________________________________________________________________
c. My sister asked me, “When did you find the answer to this question?”
____________________________________________________________________________
d. “My workers are trying to finish this task ahead of time,” the engineer said to us.
____________________________________________________________________________
e. Mr. Smith said to us, “Don’t be late for school tomorrow, please.”
____________________________________________________________________________
2．将下面的间接引语改为直接引语
a. The teacher asked us who could solve that difficult question.
____________________________________________________________________________
b. The traveler said that everything had changed since he came last time.
____________________________________________________________________________
c. The old man order his grandsons to be quiet.
____________________________________________________________________________
d. He said that his parents should have been there three days before, but they were not there then. ____________________________________________________________________________
e. The interviewee asked me when I was born.
____________________________________________________________________________
Grammar Quiz[语法小测]
1. Little brother asked me _____ I could buy him a toy when I went to town.
A. whether
B. /
C. that
D. how
2. — Could you tell me where I can find the bus stop?
— Yes, I will tell you _____ you want to know.
A. that
B. if
C. what
D. which
3. — _____?
— No, she left here without one word.
A. Did Julia say when she will come back
B. Did Julia when will she come back
C. Did Julia say when she would come back
D. Did Julia say when would she come back
4. Can you tell me _____ the post office in a short way, sir?
A. how can I get to
B. how I can get to
C. where can I get to
D. where I can get to
5. The repairman asked Mr. Black _____ with his air conditioner.
A. what the matter is
B. what the matter was
C. what is the matter
D. what was the matter
6. Mr. Bush told his listener that Edison _____ the electric light last century.
A. invents
B. invented
C. has invented
D. had invented
7. Mother _____ if I could open the tight window _____.
A. said to me; there
B. asked me; there
C. asked to me; here
D. said to me; here
8. The lawyer asked inspectors _____ evidence found here was true or not.
A. that
B. which
C. if
D. whether
9. I ask my boss if he _____ to my birthday party when he _____ time next Sunday.
A. comes; will have
B. comes; has
C. will come; will have
D. will come; has
10. Do you remember how many times _____ to Shanghai since last year?
A. you have been
B. have you been
C. had you been
D. did you go
Grammar Work[语法专练]
1．将下面的直接引语改为间接引语
a. Aunt Emily said to me that she would take my daughter to the history museum the next day.
b. Tom asked us whether we had the habit of having sports every day.
c. My sister asked me when we had found the answer to this question.
d. The engineer told us that his workers are trying to finish that task ahead of tim
e.
e. Mr. Smith told us not to be late for school the following day.
2．将下面的间接引语改为直接引语
a. The teacher said to us, “who can solve this difficult question?”
b. The traveler said, “Everything has changed since he came last time”.
c. “Be quiet, please,” said the old man.
d. He said, “My parents should have been here three days ago, but they are not here now.”
e. The interviewee said, “When were you born?”
Grammar Quiz[语法小测]
1-5 ACCBD 6-10 DBDDA
高中英语语法讲义——名词
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高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义(9)被动语态知识点整理总结(含练习与解析)
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执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
高中英语知识讲解 直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
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高中英语语法系统全解【珍藏版】
高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
高考英语语法复习讲义：语法总结全集
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高中英语语法(全英详细讲解)
必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed
高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解.
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高中英语语法讲义——特殊句式
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人教版高一英语--直接引语与间接引语的转换
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高中英语语法状语从句讲义
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Grammar —Adverbial Clause 方式状语地点状语时间状语 用从句形式当状语，即状语从句 (一)时间状语从句引导词 till, until A until B ： A 一直延续到 B 出现或发生就停止 I sleptuntilnoon. I didn ’ t go to bed until midnight. I entered the room until 6:30. I didn ’ t enter the room until 6:30. as soon as, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly no sooner ? than, hardly ? when, scarcely ? when(结合倒装句 ) before, after, 完成 +since( 自从 )+过去时间 --what was the party like? --Wonderful. It ’ s yearsI enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since
人教版高中英语语法复习资料txt
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(完整版)高一英语直接引语和间接引语练习.doc
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高中英语语法讲义 ——简单句
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高中英语直接引语变间接引语练习题(答案)
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