情景交际和写作技巧以及特殊句式
英语常见表达汇总
1. 建议、邀请及应答
建议和邀请：Why not do sth. 为什么不）Let ' s do sth. （让咱们做。）
Shall I / we do sth 我或我们将）Will / Would you like do
sth
你想
要）
How about / What about doing sth 怎么样）
2）接受：Good idea. （好主意。）That/ It sounds
great.
太好了。
此。）That / It would be very nice.
I ' d love / like
to.
Yes, please.
No problem.
（3）同意。）
我愿意）
太好了。）With pleasure.
I ' ll be glad
to.
乐意。）
我愿意）请吧。）
没问题。）
拒绝：I ' m afraid I
can
I don ' t think
so.
有时常用委婉、含蓄的答语，to do. （我愿
Certainly / Of course /
sure.
I
agree.
我同意。）I think
so.
t / I ' m afraid
not.
我不这么认为。）
恐怕不行。）
No, thanks.
当然。）
我认为如
如I ' d love / like to ,
but I
意，不过很忙或有许多作业要做。）
2. 请求许可及应答
1)请求和允许：Will / Would you mind doing sth.
Will / Would you mind not doing
sth.
Would you like to do
sth.
Would you like
sth.
Can / Could you please do sth.
Can / Could you please (not) do
sth.
Could I do sth. / May I do
sth.
Please do sth.
（2）接受：With pleasure.
吧。）
I
disagree.
我不
不，谢谢。）
am busy / I have a lot of homework
做某事，你介意吗）
别做某事，你介意吗）
你想要做某事吗）
你想要某物吗）
请做某事。
乐意。）
I ' d love to. / I like
to. / I
请你做某事，好吗）
请你别做某事，好吗）我可以做某事吗）
Please don ' t do sth Yes, please. / Go ahead.
' ll be glad to.
请别做某事。）我愿意。 ) No, problem.
(1)同情和遗憾：What a pity. / It 's a pity. （真遗憾、真可惜。 ）
Sorry, I won 't do it again.
对不起，我将不会再去做了。 ）
Certainly not. / Of course not.
I ' m sorry, but …（对不起，不过
3. 感谢及应答
1)感谢： Thank you very much. / Thanks a lot. Many thanks.
That 's / It 's nice of you (to do sth.).
在交际中应注意中西方文化的差异： 1、在西方文化中当对方对自己
所送的礼物表示感谢时，
m glad you like it （我很高兴你喜欢它）来回答； 2、在西方文化中当客人对主人所招待的宴
I ' m glad you enjoy （enjoyed ） it （我很高兴你享受它）/ You' re welcome （你
4. 祝贺、祝愿及应答
(1)祝贺和祝愿：Have a good time / Enjoy on eself / Have fu n.
I hope everything goes well. / All the best with you. / Wish you all the success. 万事如意。 )
5. 同情、遗憾和安慰
问题。） Yes / Certainly / Of course / sure /
OK.
好的。) Not at all. 不介意。） Certainly, I 'll do it.
当然，我将去做。 ） Never mind.
不介意。）
3)拒绝：
You 'd better not.
你最好别
Please don ' t
. 请别
I 'm sorry I can 't. （对不起，我不能。 ） I 'm afraid
not. 恐怕不行。 ）
Thanks. / Thank you for
因……而感谢。 ）
Thank you all the same.
仍旧谢谢你。 ） (2)答语 pleasure./ You 're welcome. / That 's all right. /My pleasure / It 's a pl easure. / It was a Don 't mention it. 不用谢。）
当然不介意。
谢谢。）
你太好了。）
另外， 一般用 I ' 席表示感谢时，一般用 是受欢迎的）来回答，所以切忌按照中国的模式去套用。
Happy New Year. 新年快乐。 ）
Good luck to sb. 祝某人好运。 ）
Well done.
干得好。）
Congratulations to sb.
祝贺某人）
Best wishes to you.
向对方致以良好的祝愿。 ） 过得愉快。 (2)答语:Thanks / Thank you.
谢谢。）
You, too. / The same to you.
你也一样。 ）
Bad luck. / That ' s too bad.
别着急、慢慢来，事情会变好的。 ）
6. 同意和不同意
7. 道歉及应答
起。）
I ' m sorry to hear
that.
听到此消息，我很难过。 ） 2）安慰 ： Take it easy. / Take your time. /
Don
' t worry, everything will
be OK.
（1）同意 ：I agree. （我同意。） 望这样。） I think so. 我认为这样。 ）
I hope so.
我希
I ' m afraid so. （恐怕如此。 ） Good idea. 好主意。）
All
right.
好吧）
No problem. 没问题。） That/ It sounds great. 太好了。）
2）不同意 ： I disagree. 我不同意。 ） I don
' t think so. （我不认为这样。
I hope not.
我不希望这样。 ）
Certainly not. / Of course not.
当然不。）
I ' m afraid not.
/ I 就这么决定了。 ）
' m afraid I can t. （恐怕不是如此的。 ）
That 's a deal.
（1） 了。） 道歉 ： I ' m sorry. / Sorry. 对不起。 ）
I ' m sorry t o trouble you. （对不起打扰
Excuse me, please.
打扰一下。 ）
I ' m sorry for doing
sth.
因做某事而对不
2） 答语 ： That 's OK. / That ' s all right.
/ It
's nothing. / That
' s nothing.
没关系。）
Forget it. / Never mind. / It doesn t matter. / Not at tal l. （别介意。） 8.
称赞、表扬及应答 由于中西方文化习俗的差异，在得到称赞、表扬时中国人通常用“自谦”类的词语来答谢别人对自己 的赞美，而西方人在受到别人的称赞和表扬时一般用 thank you 回答，以示礼貌和自信。 9.
询问外貌特征、性格特征及答语 1）询问外貌特征 ： What do you look like = What are you like
你长得怎么样） （2）答语 ：I 'm tall. （个子高。 ） I have short hair. （我留短发。 中等身材。） I ' m medium build. （我 但 What are you like 除了询问外貌长相外，还可以询问性格特征。
答语：I ‘ m shy and medium build.（我文静而且中等身材。
）
相当开朗。 ） I ' m quite outgoing. （我
10. 评价及答语
倒霉、坏运气。 ）
What do you think of the book = How do you like the book （你觉得那本书怎么样）
It ' s
interesting.
（有趣。）I like it. （我喜欢。）I dislike it.
I can ' t stand
it.
（我不能忍受。）He' s good.（他是优秀的。）I like him. （我What do you think of ... = How do you like ... （你觉得怎么样）
I m in terested in him. （我对他感兴趣。）
11.常见标志和说明
常考标志和说明涉及交通、如：No Smoking （不准吸烟）环保、健康和电器使用等。标志和说明的表达形式有文字和图案两种。例
,No Parki ng （不准停车），No P hotos （不准拍照），No Pets （不准养宠
物），No litter （不准乱扔杂物），No passing （禁止超车），No bikes （禁止自行车通行），No Left Turn （禁止左转弯），Buses Only （公交车专用线），One-way Traffic （单向行驶），Hands Off （请勿
用手触摸），KEE P OFF THE GRASS （勿踏草坪），Save Water （节约用水），Dan ger （危险），This side up （这面向上），Keep Silenee （保持安静），On （开）,Off （关），PUSH（推），PULL （拉），Turn left （左转弯），OFFICE HOUR （办公时间），OPEN（正在营业），CLOSE R停止营业），ENTRANCE入口）， EXIT （出口），Lost and Found （失误招领处），SOS （紧急求救信号）等。
情景交际和写作技巧
情景交际
一.情景交际注意点
情景交际（包括看图写话）考查的主要是课文中的重点句型和语法结构, 特别需要注
意的是在书写过程中需要考虑以下几点：
以及日常生活中英文的简单表达。
1.如果有名词考虑是否可数，如果是可数名词需要考虑是否用单复数形式，并且在名词前
注意添加冠词或者形容词性的词汇来修饰。
例：你想知道这款车是否中国制造，可以这么问:
Is the car made in China
2.注意主谓一致原则，如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应使用三单。
例：你告知同桌Jim喜欢打篮球，该怎么说
Jim likes playing basketball.
3.情景交际和看图写话考察最多的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时（一般用do）、过去进行时、现在进行时、现在完成时（一般含有already，since，yet，ever，for+ be going to 一段时间）。
6.
语态的考察有时候也会涉及被动语态(be done)，特别需要注意不规则动词的时态变化。如: wear--wore--worn; set--set--set 例：(1)你想知道Michael昨天这时候在做什么，你可以这样问:
were you doing at this time yesterday
(2)你想了解你的朋友是否去过长城，可以这样问她
Have you ever been to the Great Wall
4.注意固定词组、句式的用法结构，动词或动词词组后接动词的形式变化等。如：pay attention to do ；look forward to doing 两个短语中前一个to是不定式的含义，后一个则是介词。
例：你的朋友问你是否介意他打开窗户，他会这么问你:
Would you mind opening the window
练习
你去参加晚会，但是因为某些原因你不得不走了，你对你的朋友怎么说
当你向他人救助时，对方也在忙，无法给你提供帮助，你会怎么对他说
你的同学问你是否喜欢听流行音乐，你无法做出判断，你要这样回答:
What
1. 你与你的好朋友很久没有见面了，一见面你会说什么
2.
3.
4. 你听到你好朋友生病的消息，你会怎么说
5. 你想问你朋友的妈妈在哪里工作，你会怎么问
表达自己观点： As far as I know ， In my opinion
表总结： In short ， In a word ，In conclusion ，In summary
7. buy, yesterday 8. they, now 9. family, already
英语作文写作技巧
、认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式
时态： 故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时， 举例时可用过去时。根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。如果句中出现了时 间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。如：
ago ， last ——过去时
next ， in
将来时等。
人称： 注意在句子中人称的统一。
如： Thanks to the teachers, we have improved our English 。其中 we 和 our 就是人称的统一。
格式： 注意书信格式的开头和结尾。 二、找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点
一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。特 别注意文章要有开头和结尾。
三、成文时表述正确，文字流畅
切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。首先考虑句子结构 主系表等 ) 。同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。
( 如主谓宾，
四、文章结构清晰，重点句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连
接短语，使文章结构紧凑。
1. 常用连接词：
1）表文章结构顺序： First of all ，Firstly/First
，Secondly/Second ，And then ，Finally ，
In the end
， At last
2）表并列补充关系的： What is more ， Besides ， Moreover ， Furthermore ， In addition 3）表转折对比关系的： However ，Onthe contrary ，but ，Although+ clause （
从句 ），In spite of+ n/doing ，
On the one hand …On the other hand
Some …while others
表因果关系的： Because ，As ，So ，Thus ，Therefore ， As a result 表换一种方式表达： In other words
6) 表进行举例说明： For example; For instance; such as 7) 表陈述事实： In fact
8) 9)
1. 命题作文
命题作文即给出一个统一的题目，限定考生写作的具体范围，要求考生就同一主题展开叙述或评论。 写好命题作文的关键是紧扣主题、立意明确、观点清晰。
2. 文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。
宾语从句举例： I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous
状语从句举例： If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and
beautiful
动名词做主语举例： Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes 不定式做主语举例： It ' s bad for our eyes to read books in the sun
常用状语从句句型：
1) 时间： 2) 目的： 3) 结果： 4) 条件： 5)
让步： 6) 比较： so …that+ 从句；too …to do （太
以至于
if , uni ess （除非）,as long as （ 只要）
though , although , even though/even if , no matter what/when/where/who/which/how
五、认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是
否准确等。检查后，将草稿卷写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。 面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：
live more and more comfortable
改正： comfortably( 副词修饰动词 )
can get many information by reading newspapers
改正：much in formatio n (
不可数名词由 much 修饰)
has many programs in TV 。
改正：There are many programs on TV 。（There be 句型和介词短语 ）
think ride a bike can keep our health
改正： I think riding a bike can keep us healthy 。 ( 动名词作主语 )
六. 英语作文题型分析与例文评析
so that+ 从句； to do （ 为了 ） as …as …， not s o …as …，than
when, not …until , as soon as
例1] Three years' school life
审题：该题要求考生对三年的初中生活进行回顾和总结，适合以夹叙夹议的方式来写作。（此外，从情感教育的角度来看，阅卷老师总希望读到考生回忆自己美好、快乐的初中生活，而不是讨厌自己的母校、老师、同学等消极情绪的体现。）
学生作文：
I've been in my middle school for four years. Four years' school life plays an important role in my life.
I enjoy making friends, getting knowledge and having interesting time in my school. I have also made
friendship with lots of classmates, and I have also been taught different lessons by lots of different patient teachers. I have grown up a lot in the past four years.
I will never forget my four years' school life.
教师评析：整篇作文非常明快、流畅，体现了考生对母校依依不舍的情怀。由于是对初中生活的回顾和总结，考生恰当地选择以现在
完成时作为主要的时态来强调影响和结果, 文中'plays an important role' 一词组和被动语态的正确运用也体现了考生良好的词汇和语法功底。
2. 应用文
应用文主要包括信函、电邮、日记、通知、广告、电话等形式，它要求考生不仅能表达题中的主要内容，还能够正确地运用各种文本格式进行规范的书写，这也是考生对于英语传统文化了解多少的反映。因此，考生应在临考前系统地复习各种文本格式以及打电话的规范用语，以做到处变不惊、百战百胜。
例2 ］写一篇题为“ A Visit To ”的日记。
审题：该题为半命题式作文。考生除了要注意运用正确的日记格式，还可根据自己的经验和熟悉程度来选择、确定文章的主题.
学生作文：
May 25th, 2004 sunny
A Visit To Jinmao Building
Jinmao Building has Chinese traditional styles and it is also modern. It is the signal construction of Shanghai. It is located in the center of Lujiazui Financial Area. Our family visited Jinmao Building today.
The traffic there is very convenient. You can got here by tunnel and subway. And if you live near it, you can walk there just like our family. We went to the eighty-eighth floor of Jinmao Building. We saw the whole view of Shanghai there. Please come to Jinmao Building, and you will get some unexpected gains there.
教师评析：整篇作文主题明确，对于金茂大厦的描述也较具体，文中“ the signal construction ”一词是全文的亮点。但整篇文章的层次不够清晰，句子也以简单句为主，对于参观这一动词的阐述还不够充分。
3. 看图写话
看图写话是初中英语作文常考的一种形式，但在中考作文中继续出现简单的叙事型看图写话的可能性很小，有可能会提供给考生一些具有寓意的漫画或图片，要求考生从中发现问题、提出自己的观点，这对考生的逻辑思维能力和英语语言的娴熟运用都提出了更高的要求。
［例 3］审题：该图要求考生先看懂漫画，对它进行清晰的描述，同时根据其隐藏的寓意提出自己的观点， 如在此图中应关注树木被砍伐而提出环保的重要性。
学生作文：
Seeing this picture, we know that these trees have been cut down. But as a very little baby in the picture, he must be puzzled. He will ask: What are these Are these trees Of course, in
our imagination, trees must be tall, strong and green enough. Actually, his question shows humans a problem that is worth thinking about. The covering rate of the forest in the world has kept decreasing these years and it caused a lot of problems on environment. As we all know, trees
are very important in our life. They can make the air fresher, reduce natural disasters and soon. So I appeal: Don't cut down trees. Let' s make our earth greener for our later generation. Don't let the children think trees are only roots!
教师评析：整篇作文结构清晰，全文分三段，第一段详细地描述漫画的内容；第二段阐述其蕴涵的寓意即 环保对于世界和后代们的重要性；第三段提出作者的号召，使文章的结尾明快、有力！
4. 提示性作文
就是给出一个标题或无标题，给出具体的内容，规定一定的字数，让考生写出作文。由于这类作文已 经规定了文章的中心思想和主要内容，因此考生可以不再列出提纲，只要把注意力集中在如何正确、完整 地用英文词句表达出中心思想和内容就可以了。
写好提示性作文应注意的事项：
、仔细审题，明确要求。对所给信息反复阅读，弄清这个题目要表达什么，然后对所给信息进行整 组织，按照自己的写作思路使
之条理化。 2、确保语言精炼。在写作过程中，考生应时刻提醒自己按照已给出的信息点去写，不必有太多的发 但也不必按照信息点去逐句翻译。用
自己熟悉的短语、句型去体现要点。掌握好文章的长度，不要字 数过多或过少。 ［例 4］你收到一封咨询信，请你以旅行社工作人员的身份完成任务。请你根据来信，从下列所给的地方 中选择一个或两个符合
Li Ming 要求的地方，向他提出建议。（80字左右）Tokyo, Sydney, Hawaii, Shanghai
Dear Ace Travel,
I'm Li Ming, from the east of China. For the coming winter vacation, my family and I want to spend our vacation in a foreign city for ten days. We would like to go somewhere not only warm but also interesting. We don't mind how far we have to go. It has to be a place where we can swim everyday, and it would be nice if our hotel is not expensive but clean and comfortable. We like to pay no more than $ 5,000 for the trip. Could you please give us your suggestions for vacation spots Thanks a lot. Yours, Li Ming
写作指导：这篇作文结合了提示性作文和应用文的写作要求。首先，我们要读懂英语提示的内容，也
就是那封咨询信的内容。其次，我们要知道书信的写作方法。针对本道题，还要注意，这封信是以旅行社 工作人员的身份来写的。 最后，还要注意咨询信后的要求 - 从下列所给的地方中选择一个或两个符合 Li Ming
要求的地方，向他提出建议及字数限制。下面，我们来看看范文是怎么写的。
1 理、
挥。
One Possible version:
Dear Li Ming,
I'm Gina. It's my pleasure to give you some suggestions for your vacation spots. According to your letter, I think either Sydney or Hawaii is the best choice because they are both warm and interesting. There are some inexpensive hotels, which are clean and comfortable in both places. What's more, you can enjoy sunshine, walk on the beach and swim every day.
Besides, there are many good museumsin Sydney. ( It's also a wonderful place for shopping. ) And if you go to Hawaii, you could have a visit to Pearl Harbor, which is quite educational and historical. ( And you can also enjoy exotic dances. )
That's just my idea. I hope it would give you some help.
Yours,
Gina
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情景交际和写作技巧以及特殊句式
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