虚拟语气练习题及答案解析

虚拟语气讲解与练习

黄志刚2013.10.

一. 简介

?`虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，

或与事实相反。

?虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气

?在什么情况下用虚拟语气?

在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚

拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。

二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

真：If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）

If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）非真：If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）

If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）

2、用法及动词形式

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况，

例：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)

If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况

例：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）

3.表示对将来情况的主观推测

例：1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）

2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事

实：不知能否下雪）

3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这

件事的始末。

(在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should＋动词原形"构成，should 可省略。)

4.有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了

If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。

如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。

If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。

③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。

如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。

If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。

5.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should,

had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。

如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

6.非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句

子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…., but for….等

But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。

7.有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

①省略从句

He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。

You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。

②省略主句

If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。

If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、

虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法

1.虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句

a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式

eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)

b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词）

eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）

c、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形

eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）(注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）

2.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中

1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并

且should不能省略

She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。

He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。

2.在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would /

should + 动词原形。

He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。

He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。

3.虚拟语气的其他用法

①一坚持(insist)，二命令(order、command)，三建议(advice、suggest、propose)，四要求(demand、require、

request、desire.)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。

如：He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice

注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。

如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。（这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。）

suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。

如：His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。（这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。）

②表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气。如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、

surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。句型：It is.......that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。

4.在even if、even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句

结构相同。

如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。

5.在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从

句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：

①may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。

如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。

We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。

I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。

②may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。

如：You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲

We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。

6.一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚

拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：

表示发生的时间虚拟语气结构：过去：had + 过去分词／现在：过去时(be 用were )／将来：过去时(be 用were ) 如：I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。

I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。

We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿

7.虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语

气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。

如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。

8.简单句中的虚拟语气

（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。

如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？

You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。

I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。

（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他”。

如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。

May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。

（3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。

如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us. 上帝保佑。

（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。

①提出请求或邀请。

如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？

Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？

②陈述自己的观点或看法。

如：I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。

I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。

③提出劝告或建议。

如：You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。

You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。

④提出问题。

如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？

Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？

⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词+ have + 过去分词”。

如：You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。

You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。

虚拟语气

Ｉ概念。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。

II.虚拟语气的特点：

1.虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念。

2.虚拟语气常由一个表示条件的从句和一个主句构成。

3.由于虚拟语气中条件从句中的条件是与客观事实相反，因此其主句的结论也只能是想象的，非真实的。

4.虚拟语气的特点决定了它句中动词形式的使用与真实句中的动词形式的是不同的。同时，虚拟语气受时间

的制约，分成以下三种句式：

1）与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。

2）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气

3）与将来事实相反的虚拟语气

III. 在不同时间下，虚拟语气的三种形式，公式。

注：1、虚拟语气中助动词be一律用were，不用was。

2、在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，“if＋主语＋should +Ｖ+…＋表示可能的假设

1.与现在事实相反

１）If I had a car, I should be very happy.

= I should be very happy if I had a car, but I haven’t a car.

2)If I were a bird, I could fly.

= I could fly if I were a bird, but I am not a bird, so I can’t fly.

3)I he took his teacher’s advice, he might pass the exam.

= He might pass the exam if he took his teacher’s advice, but he doesn’t take his teacher’s advice, so he doesn't pass the exam.

4)If it we ren’t raining, we should go for a picnic.

= We should go for a picnic if it weren’t raining, but it is raining.

题例：

1)1)If my father __________ here now, he _________ tell me what to do.

A.A.were, would B were, will C is, would D is , will

2)2)If I ________ a bee, I __________ work much harder.

A were, would

B were, shall

C had, will

D have, should

3)3)If I _______ much money, I _________ buy a house.

A have, will

B had, should

C had, will

D have, should

4)4)He __________ learn more quickly if he _________ harder.

A will, work

B would, worked

C would, work

D will , worked

5)5)If I __________ you, I _________ do that.

A was, wouldn’t

B were, wouldn’t

C am , won’t

D were, won’t

Key: AABBB

2.与过去事实相反

例：1) If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.

= I would have called her if I had known her telephone number, but I didn't know her

telephone number, so I didn’t call her.

2) If you had come ten minutes earlier, you could have met that famous film star.

= You could have met that famous film star if you had come ten minutes earlier, but

you didn’t come ten minutes earlier, so you didn't see that famous film star.

3) If I had realized the importance of English study, I should have worked much harder.

= I should have worked much harder if I had realized the importance of English study,

but

I didn’t realize the importance of English study, so I didn't work harder.

题例：

1)1)If you _________ the doctor’s advice, you would have recognized already.

A. followed B would follow C follow D had followed

2)2)If my lawyer __________ here last Saturday, he ___________ me from going.

A had been , would have prevented

B had been, would prevent

C were, would prevent

D were, would have prevented

3)3)I __________ if she _________ me.

A would have overslept , didn’t call

B would have overslept, hadn’t called

C overslept, hadn't called

D would overslept, didn’t call

4)4)---- If he ________, he ________that food.

-----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A was warned, would not take

B had been warned, would not have taken

C would be warned, had not taken

D would have been warned, had not taken

5)5)She _______ to the party if she _______ invited.

A would have gone, had been

B would go , was

C would have gone, was

D has gone

Key: DABBA

3.与将来事实相反

例：1）If I were to be twenty years old, I would take the course of computer science.

= I would take the course of computer science if I were to be twenty years old, but I am

not twenty years old, so I will not take the course of computer science.

2) If I did /should do/were to do that , she would feel very surprised.

=She would feel very surprised if I did/should do/were to do that, but I don’t do that, so she will not feel surprised.

3) If I failed, I would try again.

= I would try again if I failed, but if I doesn’t fail, I will not try again.

题例：

1)1)It’s quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it _________, I would still go to the park.

A should rain

B would rain

C rained

D had rained

2)2)I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I _______, I would try again.

A should fail

B would fail

C failed

D had failed

3)3)________ tomorrow, what should we do?

A If it rains B. Should it rain C. Would it rain D. Were it raining

Key: AAB

注：书面语中，“if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用：

如果“if”从句中含有“were, had”或“should”时，则可省略连词“if”，而把“were, had ”或“should”

移至主语之前。

例：1) Were I you (=I were you ), I would ….

2) Had they not come last time (=If they had not come last time), we would have done….

3) Should it rain tomorrow (= If it should rain tomorrow), she would …

注: 1.某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

1.1.在动词suggest, insist, order, command, require, request , demand 等后面的宾语从句中，动词形式一般用

“should + 动词原形，或省略should用动词原形，用以表示一种建议，劝说，命令，要求的语气。

例：１）The teacher suggested we (should )finish that task at the end of next week.

2)2)The officer ordered that the enemy (should ) be surrounded in the village before daylight.

3)3)His uncle insists that he (should ) go to the most well-known university instead of some common ones.

注意：1) 在It’s suggested /ordered /required/demanded/decided/necessary/important等结构的主语从句中，或suggestion, order, idea等词的同位语从句和表语从句中，也应用should +动词原形，或省略should ，以适合于说话人所表示的建议或要求，命令的语气。

例：a. It’s suggested that a modern hotel (should) be set up at the front of the hill.

b. The general gave the order that the bridge (should ) be destroyed before 5 o’clock in the morning.

c. It's necessary /important that every party member (should ) take the lead and work well.

2)当suggest的主语不指人，而是指某一现象时，同时宾语从句不表示建议，而是暗示一种情况，这时宾语从句不用should +动词原形，而应根据内容而选择正确的时态。Insist等词的用法在不表示对未来某一动作的主张和要求时，也不用should +动词原形。

例：a. The expression on his face suggested that he was unhappy.

b. She insisted that her answer was right.

2.常见的要求使用虚拟语气的特殊动词，词组，句形。

1) about time

It + time + that +主语＋should + V

high time V-ed

例： a. It’s about time that you ___B_____ your store.

A close

B closed

C have closed

D had closed

b. b.It’s high time that he ________B__ to think how to deal with the money.

A would begin

B began

C begin

D will begin

2) What if….?(如果该怎麽办)

例：a. ---He would go to see you.

---_________ He did not come?

A. What if

B. Where if

C. What come

D. why whether

4)4)“wish” 在宾语从句中V-ed…. 表现在

wish + 主语（宾语从句中的主语）+ had + 表过去

could/would/ might + V. 表将来

例：a. -----Do you have a type writer?

-----No, but I wish I _____B_____.

A have

B had

C do

D had had

b. b.I wish I ____C_____ my time when I was young.

A didn’t waste

B shouldn't have waste

C hadn’t waste

D wouldn't have wasted

c. c.I wish we _____A_____ with my brother when he flies to England next week.

A could go

B had gone

C will go

D are going

4)4)as if, as though表不可能，不真实情况时的虚拟语气

例：a. They look rather puzzled, as if /though they didn’t know. 表现在

b. You look as if /though you had seen a ghost. 表过去

c. He is very happy as if /though he could win the game. 表将来

5) would rather在虚拟语气中的用法

V-ed表现在或将来

would rather +主语(从句中)+

had + 过去分词表过去

例：a . I would rather you came tomorrow than today.

b. b.I would rather you hadn't said that.

虚拟语气练习题

1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.

A. have read

B. had read

C. should have read

D. are reading

2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.

A. come; would meet

B. had come; would have met

C. come; will meet

D. had come; would meet

3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.

A. should be

B. would be

C. have been

D. had been

4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.

A. speak

B. spoke

C. will speak

D. to speak

5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.

A. was

B. were

C. has been

D. had been

6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.

A. have laid there for two hours

B. have been lied there for two hours

C. have lied there for two hours

D. have lain there for two hours

7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.

A. went

B. could go

C. have gone

D. could have gone

8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?

A. will you

B. should you

C. would you

D. do you

9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.

A. knew

B. knows

C. has known

D. had known

10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.

A. Because of

B. In spite of

C. In case of

D. But for

11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.

A. would meet

B. would had met

C. would have met

D. would have meet

12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.

A. teaches

B. will teach

C. has taught

D. would teach

13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.

A. had been

B. were

C. was

D. would be

14.He’s wo rking hard for fear that he _____.

A. should fall behind

B. fell behind

C. may fall behind

D. would fallen behind

15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.

A. had rained

B. would have rained

C. have seen

D. rained

16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.

A. should

B. would

C. do

D. had

17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.

A. not went

B. won’t go

C. not go

D. not to go

18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.

A. had had

B. have had

C. had

D. would have had

19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?

A. decided against

B. will decide against

C. have decided

D. shall decide against

20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.

A. go to sleep

B. went to sleep

C. go to bed

D. went to bed

21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?

—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.

A. had

B. have had

C. would have

D. had had

22.If she could sew, _____.

A. she make a dress

B. she would have made a shirt

C. she will make a shirt

D. she would had made a coat

23._____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave

D. If he leaves

24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.

A. will take

B. would take

C. take

D. took

25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know e arlier,_____ at the station.

A. we’d meet them

B. we’ll meet them

C. we’d have met them

D. we’ve met them

26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was; shall pay

B. am; will pay

C. would be; would pay

D. were; would pay

27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.

A. have not given

B. would not give

C. had not given

D. did not give

28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.

A. has

B. had

C. have

D. will have

29.It is strange that he _____ so.

A. would say

B. would speak

C. should say

D. will speak

30.Had I known her name, _____

A. or does she know mine?

B. and where does she live?

C. she would be beautiful.

D. I would have invited her to lunch.

31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.

A. know

B. knows

C. known

D. knew

32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.

A. possessed

B. owned

C. had

D. had had

33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come

B. came

C. would have come

D. will come

34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.

A. will take

B. took

C. take

D. takes

35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.

A. didn’t leave

B. hadn’t left

C. haven’t lef t

D. couldn’t leave

36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.

A. had

B. didn’t have

C. had had

D. have

37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the co ncert.

A. hadn’t

B. didn’t have had

C. hadn’t had

D. hadn’t have

38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.

A. be

B. to be

C. would be

D. shall be

39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.

A. she’s gone

B. she’ll go

C. she’d gone

D. she’d go

40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.

A. go

B. shall go

C. will go

D. would go

1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD

11—15 CDCAA16—20 ACAAD

21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD

31—35 DDCCB 36—40 DCACD

解析：

1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。

3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。

4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。

5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/3b15917096.html,in是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。

7.could have done表示“本来可以”。

8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。

9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。

10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。

11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。

13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。

14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。

15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。

16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。

17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。

20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。

21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。

22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。

23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。

24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。

26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。

27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。

30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。

31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。

32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。

33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。

34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。

35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。

37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。

39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

40.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

虚拟语气练习题精选

1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

A. must finish

B. would be finished

C. be finished

D. must be finished

2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.

A. leave; for

B. leave; to

C. left; to

D. to be left; for

3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been

B. has been

C. was

D. has gone

4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

A. did; set

B. had done; should be set

C. should do; be set

D. had done; must be set

5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .

A. can; it

B. /; /

C. would; it

D. may; /

6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

A. for; to

B. that; be

C. which; should be

D. to; being

7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.

A. would be sent

B. should send

C. be sent

D. must be sent

8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.

A. will protect

B. should protect

C. shall protect

D. are protecting

9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are

B. were

C. would be

D. would have been

10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be

B. Should there be

C. There will be

D. There should be

11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave

D. If he leave

12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved

B. would have been saved

C. will be saved

D. had been saved

13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would

B. should have

C. may

D. have

14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

A. I am

B. I would be

C. I was

D. I were

15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend

B. would have lent

C. could lend

D. may have lent

16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.

A. have caught

B. had caught

C. could have caught

D. were to catch

17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”--- “No, but I wish I _____”

A. have

B. will

C. do

D. had

18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

A. I may have failed

B. I’d fail

C. I’d have failed

D. I’ll have failed

19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

A. I’m deciding

B. I’ll decide

C. I decided

D. I decide

20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow

B. would snow

C. snow

D. will snow

21. If only I _____ my watch!

A. hadn’t lost

B. haven’t lost

C. didn’t lost

D. don’t lose

22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make

B. might not make

C. shouldn’t have made

D. might not have made

23. We _____ the work on time without your help.

A. hadn’t had finished

B. didn’t have finished

C. couldn’t have finished

D. can’t have finished

24. --- “Where have you been?”

--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”

A. I would be here

B. I have been here

C. I had been here

D. I would have been here

25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were

B. had been

C. are

D. should be

Key: 1-5. CAABB 6-10. BCBCB 11-15. CAABDB 16—20. CDCCA 21-25. ADCDC

ＶＩ。练习题

1.1.I advised that sister ________ at her desk all day.

A.A.mustn’t B not read C doesn’t read D needn’t read

2.2.The situation required that China __________ its door to the outside world.

A must open

B should open

C have to open

D has to open

3.3.I ________ you a more valuable present for your birthday. I was short of money at that time.

A must have brought

B would have bought

C had bought

D would buy

4.4.----Do you want him to lend you some money?

-----I wish he __________.

A had

B did

C would

D should

5. _______he came , the problem would be settled.

A Would

B Should C. Shall D. If

6. 6.It was required that each student _________ enough food on the trip.

A. A.had better bring B would bring C brought D bring

7.7.You __________ the meeting yesterday. Why are you absent?

A had seen

B might have seen

C were to see

D would see

8.8.She didn’t come yesterday, or you _________him.

A had seen

B might have seen

C were to see

D would see

9.9.___________ you ________last Wednesday, you might know it well.

A Were , to come B. If, came C. Had, come D. Did , come

10.10.I was ill that day, otherwise I _________the sports meet.

A. would have taken part in B took part in C had taken part in D would take part in

11.11.She couldn’t have answered the question if she _________ a few books on world history.

A didn’t read

B wouldn’t read

C haven’t read

D hadn’t read

12.12.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________.

A breaks

B has broken

C were broken

D had been broken

1313We should have arrived sooner except we _________ a flat tyre.

A had

B would

C has not

D has

1414----Why didn’t you help him?

----I would have_______ I didn’t have the money.

A still

B but

C otherwise

D or

15. I would rather she _____________ with her friends that alone.

A travel on train

B traveled by train

C travels by train

D travelling by the train

16.16.I would have invited her to the party but I ____________ her well.

A don't know

B didn’t know

C hadn’t known

D haven’t known

17.17.It was ordered that no smoking __________ in the library.

A was allowed

B be allowed

C would be allowed

D had been allowed

18.18.Would you have stayed with her?

A had she asked

B if she asked

C if she should ask

D should she ask

19.19.________ here, he would attend the lecture.

A.A.Had he been B If he were C Were he D Was he

20.20.Without electricity, what __________?

A will the world be like

B.B.would the world be like

C.C.the world would be like

D.D.the world will be like

Key: 1----5 BBBCB 6----10 DDBCA 11----15 DCABB 16----20 BBACB

高中英语虚拟语气练习题

1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies

B. lay

C. had lain

D. should lie

2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.

A. has

B. had

C. will have

D. had had

3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired

A. drove; didn’t get

B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get

D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got

4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison

A. refers

B. referring

C. referred

D. refer

6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him

A. on him to go; should be

B. he went; be

C. he go; was

D. he should to; is

8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today

---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today

A. tells

B. told

C. would tell

D. had told

9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible

---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework

A. was

B. were

C. had been

D. would be

10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet

A. would have taken part in

B. took part in

C. had taken part in

D. would take part in

11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily

A. Had it not been for

B. If it were not

C. If it had not been for

D. Were it not for

12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going

A. had been, would have prevented

B. had been, would prevent

C. were, prevent

D. were, would have prevented

13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam

A. If he were to work

B. Had he worked

C. Should he work

D. Were he to work

14. ____today, he would get there by Friday

A. Were he to leave

B. If he had left

C. Did he to leave

D. Had he left

15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now

A. are

B. were

C. would be

D. would have been

16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

A. has come

B. did come

C. come

D. had come

17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.

A. was, had helped

B. was, would have helped

C. had been, would have helped

D. were, would have helped

18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday

A. were not, could have climb

B. were not, could climb

C. had not been, could have climbed

D. hadn’t been, could climb

19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

20. ---I am going to tell her the news

---I would as soon you _____her about it

A. didn’t tell

B. don’t tell

C. hadn’t tell

D. won’t tell

21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home

A. stayed

B. could stay

C. has stayed

D. stay

22. It was requested that the play ____again

A. should put on

B. would put on

C. be put on

D. put on

23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately

A. had sent for

B. send

C. be sent for

D. was sent

24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness

----Yes, but ____it

A. I’d rather not do

B. I’d rather not have done

C. I should’ t do

D. I’d better not do

25. If only I ___my car

A. hadn’t lost

B. wouldn’t lose

C. didn’t lose

D. haven’t lost

26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth

A. is

B. would

C. were

D. wouldn’t be

27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being

A. do

B. didn’t do

C. don’t

D. didn’t

28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son

A. is

B. were

C. had been

D. should be

29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more

A. were

B. could become

C. had been

D. should be

30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem

A. hold

B. held

C. have held

D. had held

31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying

A. even if , was

B. though, would be

C. even, had been

D. as if, were

32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert

A. had not

B. did not have had

C. hadn’t had

D. hadn’t have

33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again

A. will discuss

B. to discuss

C. should discuss

D. will be discussed

34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops

A. help

B. to help

C. helped

D. helping

35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules

A. obeys

B. Obey

C. will obey

D. would obey

36. I wish I ____here then

A. was

B. had been

C. were

D. would be

37. It is strange that he ____back so early

A. came

B. will come

C. had come

D. should have come

38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV

A. did

B. do

C. shall do

D. have done

39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday

A. be put

B. put

C. should put

D. had been put

40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there

A. had been

B. has been

C. was

D. been

41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven

A. must finish

B. would be finished

C. be finished

D. must be finished

42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……

----D on’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!

A. do

B. didn’t

C. did

D. don’t

43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning

A. would, have washed

B. could, have been washing

C. would have, have been washing

D. could have, had washing

44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse

A. had tried

B. hadn’t tried

C. have tried

D. didn’t try

45. ----How could I thank you enough?

----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it

A. must do

B. could do

C. would have done

D. should have done

46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue

A. be, be delayed

B. is, delay

C. should be, be delayed

D. is , be delayed

47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths

A. it would have been

B. it would be

C. there would be

D. there would have been

48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.

A. requested, deliver

B. demand, be delivered

C. request, should deliver

D. demand, delivered

49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder

A. made unpunished

B. came unpunished

C. went unpunished

D. not punished

50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late

A. would be

B. were

C. will be

D. would have been

51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then

A. come

B. came

C. would come

D. will come

52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting

A. had put on

B. should put on

C. have put on

D. will put on

53. I hope that you ____ right

A. will be

B. should be

C. were

D. would be

54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you

A. am

B. have been

C. should be

D. would be

55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning

A. start

B. started

C. would start

D. had started

56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

A. has come

B. did come

C. had come

D. came

57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead

A. must have studied

B. might study

C. would study

D. would have studied

58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week

A. were not, could have climbed

B. were not, could climb

C. had not been , could have climbed

D. had not been, could climb

答案

C B

D B C C C B A A D A B A C D B C D A

D C C B A C B B A B D C C A B B D B A A

C D C B C D D B C D B B A A A C D C

情态动词、虚拟语气60题

1. ——Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.

—— No, I＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

A. don’t

B. can’t

C. won’t

D. couldn’t

2. ——I hear you’ve got a set of Australian coins.＿＿＿I have a look?

—— Yes, certainly.

A. Do

B. May

C.Shall

D. Should

3. He seldom listens to others. He＿＿＿＿＿answer for what he has done.

A. shall

B. will

C. can

D. would

4. ——May I leave the office before 5 o’clock in the afternoon?

——No, I’m afraid you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

A. needn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. mustn't

D. won’t

5. —— Shall I tell John about it?

—— No, you＿＿＿＿. I don’t know his telephone number.

A. needn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. shouldn’t

6. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How＿＿＿it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?

A. can

B. should

C. may

D. must

7. The traffic light is red, so I＿＿＿＿＿＿stop my car.

A. must

B. have to

C. can

D. mustn’t

8. —— What happened to the young trees we planted?

—— The trees＿＿＿＿＿＿well, but I didn’t water them.

A. might grow

B. needn’t have grown

C. would grow

D. would have grown

9. I was really anxious about you. You＿＿＿home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t leave

10. Children＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in public very often.

A. should be praised

B. shouldn’t have praised

C. shouldn’t have been praised

D. shouldn’t be praised

11. Let’s clean the classroom, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?

A. won’t you

B. shall we

C. do we

D. will not you

12. Tom＿＿＿＿＿＿＿show his exam results to his parents.

A. dare not

B. dared

C. dare to

D. dares not to

13. I don’t think he＿＿＿＿＿＿＿a new bike.

A. need to buy

B. needs buy

C. need

D. need buy

14. —— Nacy＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the letter from her mother.

——No, she can’t have. The postman hasn’t come yet.

A. can receive

B. can have received

C. must have received

D. must receive

15. She＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿the film. She knows nothing about it.

A. can’t see

B. can’t have seen

C. must see

D. mustn’t have s een

16. They must have been here the day before yesterday,＿＿＿＿?

A. mustn’t they

B. didn’t they

C. mustn’t have they

D. had they

17. ——I didn’t see her yesterday.

—— Oh, but you ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

A. must have

B. ought to

C. should have

D. cannot have

18. —— Must I take a bus ?

—— No, you＿＿＿＿. You can walk from here.

A. must not

B. don’t

C. don’t have to

D. had better not to

19. —— Why do you make me do so?

—— I am sorry that you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿do such a thing.

A. would

B. can

C. should

D. may

20. —— Will you stay for lunch?

—— Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿. My brother is coming to see me.

A. I mustn’t

B. I can’t

C. I needn’t

D. ?won’t

21. What would have happened＿＿＿＿, as far as the river bank?

A. if Bob has walked farther

B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther

D. if Bob walked farther

22. You didn’t let me drive. If we＿＿＿＿in turn, you＿＿＿so tired.

A. drove；didn’t get

B. drove；wouldn’t get

C. were driving；wouldn’t get

D. had driven；wouldn’t have got

23. Without electricity human life＿＿＿＿＿＿＿quite different today.

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

24. Oh, Janne, you’ve broken another glass. You ought ＿＿＿＿when you washed it.

A. be careful

B. to care

C. have cared

D. to have been careful

25. I＿＿＿＿＿＿often go fishing when I lived in the countryside.

A. should

B. would

C. could

D. might

26. He＿＿＿＿＿＿rather stay at home than go to the cinema with you.

A. should

B. might

C. would

D. had better

27. It’s high time we＿＿＿＿＿＿＿to the theater.

A. will

B. shall

C. are going to

D. went

28. —— Could I use your telephone?

—— Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

A. could

B. will

C. can

D. might

29. It’s strange that they＿＿＿＿＿nothing about this matter.

A. know

B. would know

C. knows

D. knew

30. I wish you＿＿＿＿＿＿go with me tomorrow.

A. will

B. would

C. shall

D. can

31. —— Do you still remember the day when we went to the Great Wall?

——I can’t remember it well, but＿＿＿＿＿＿sometime last autumn?

A. might it be

B. could it have been

C. could it be

D. must it have been

32. ——I can’t get through to the general manager’s office anyhow.

—— The line is busy. Someone＿＿＿＿＿the telephone.

A. must use

B. uses

C. must have been using

D. must be using

33. He suggests we＿＿＿＿＿＿to the cinema at once, otherwise we will be late.

A .must go B. go C. will go D. would go

34. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if ＿＿＿＿.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

35. The general ordered that the thief＿＿＿＿.

A. be punished

B. would punish

C. would be punished

D. should punish

36. If only I＿＿＿＿＿how to operate a computer as you do!

A. had known

B. wou欤?know

C. should know

D. knew

37. It is surprising that he＿＿＿＿at the meeting.

A. was

B. be

C. is

D. were

38. If you＿＿＿＿wait a moment, I’ll go and find our manager.

A. can

B. should

C. will

D. must

39. —— Do you think he will do me a favor?

—— As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He＿＿＿＿be prepared to give you a hand, though.

A. might

B. must

C. can

D. should

40. Even though I’d hurt my leg, I＿＿＿＿＿＿swim back to the river bank.

A. could

B. might

C. had to

D. was able to

41. You＿＿＿＿＿＿＿go to the party if you don’t finish your homework first.

A. won’t

B. don’t

C. oughtn’t

D. shan’t

42. —— It is rather cold here. Shall we light a fire?

—— No, we＿＿＿＿＿＿because things are easy to catch fire.

A. won’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

43. I＿＿＿＿＿＿Professor Jones had taught me this question.

A. believe

B. deeply think

C. wish

D. suppose

44. The chairman requested that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.

A. the members studied the problem more carefully

B. the problems were more carefully studied

C. the problems could be studied with more care

D. the members study the problem more carefully

45. I＿＿＿＿＿＿it again.

A. would like you to read

B. would like that you read

C. would like you reading

D. would like you read

46. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must＿＿＿always＿＿＿so much.

A. not；be smoking

B. not；have smoked

C. not；to smoke

D. be not；smoking

47. If I＿＿＿you, I＿＿＿＿more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was；shall pay

B. am；will pay

C. would be；would pay

D. were；would pay

48. “Would you have told him the answer had it been possible?”

“I would have, but I ＿＿＿＿so busy then.”

A. had been

B. were

C. was

D. would be