Unit1 主谓一致
高一英语导学案--必修四
Unit1:Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement
主谓一致
1. 理解主谓一致
2. 掌握主谓一致的用法
填入be 的正确形式
The boy _____ diving. They _____ diving.
Both Jack and Tim _____ diving. Neither Jack nor Tim _____ walking. 主谓一致:是指句子的谓语动词与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即如果句子的主
语是单数,谓语动词用单数,如果主语是复数,则谓语动词用复数.
三原则： 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则 语法一致原则：
1.主语是可数名词的单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式.
The girl ___ very beautiful . 这个女孩子很漂亮 The chicken ___very delicious.鸡肉很美味
2.（1）不定代词one, each, every, either, neither, something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.
Each of us_______(have) something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说.
Everyone ______ (be) here. Let's begin our lesson! 大家都到齐了.让我们开始上课吧!
2.(2)不定代词none 作主语时,如果修饰的是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数;如果它所修
饰的是可数名词,则谓语单,复数均可用. None of the water _____ (be) clean here.
None of us __________(be) perfect. 人无完人.
3.由and 连接两个主语时,如果把这两个主语作为个体来考虑时,谓语动词用复数;如果把这两个主语看作一个整体时,谓语动词就用单数. Ann and Jack ________(be) friends.
Fish and chips _______(be) my favourite food
但如果and 连接的两个并列主语指的是同一个人或一件事，谓语动词用单数。 1 .The singer and the dancer __________ (come) from Longtou. 2.The singer and dancer _______ (come) from Longtou.
4.主语后面有with, together with , along with , as well as ,except , but, besides, like, such as 等表示连带成分时，谓语动词的单复数由这些词前面的主语来决定，即主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语是复数，谓语用复数。
Look! A women with 12 children _______(be) waiting for a bus. 5.一些成双成对的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数, 如trousers, pants, shoes, gloves, glasses, scissors 等。但如果在这些词前加上 a pair of 时，则谓语动词用单数 ( )This pair of shoes_________not mine. My shoes______in the box. A: is are B:are is C:is is D:are,are
6.动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但如果几个并列的动名词或不定式作主语，则谓语动词用复数。
1.Doing morning exercises ____ (be) good for your eyes 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
2. To help poor people ____ (be) our duty. 帮助有困难的人是我们的责任。
3. Listening, reading and speaking _____________ (be) important in studying English 7.一个不定式、动名词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数 Saving the people ____ (be) my great happiness. When we will go to Beijing ___ (be) not decided.
To hold the Olympic Games____ a rich prize for a country. (be) What we need ____ more time. What we need ____ teachers. Let's write:
1. Time _______(be) money.
2. No one ________ (know) the truth.
3. The writer and the teacher ______(be) coming.
4. The writer and teacher_______ (be) coming.
5. Something ______(be ) wrong with your watch.
6. The teacher with his students _________(have) a meeting.
意义一致原则：
1.集体名词如class(班/ 同学们），family（家庭/ 家庭成员），audience（观众）,group（小组）,team（队）,club（俱乐部）等作主语时，谓语动词取决于集体名词在句中所表示的意义。当它们表示一个整体的概念时，通常被看作单数；而当它们表示组成整体的个体成员时，它们就是复数意义。
1.Our class______(be) not big. 我们班不算大.
2.The class__________(wait) for a new teacher now. 现在同学们都在等候新老师的到来2.一些单复数相同的单词如：Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, deer等,谓语动词的单复数要根据它在句子中所表达的意义而定。
A little deer______ (be) running on the hill.
Some deer_______ (be) eating grass.
但the Chinese, the Japanese, the English, the British, the French 等名词表国民总称时，作复数用。（其中English，British，French等不能指单个的人）
3. people, police这两个词看似单数形式，但表达的是复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
1.The people in the city ______ (be) very friendly. 这个城市的人很友好。
2.The police ___________(look) for the lost boy now. 警察正在找丢失的男孩.
4.一些名词如maths, physics, politics（政治）,news ,the United States等，其形式上虽以-s结尾，但表示的确是一门学科或一种事物，谓语动词只能用单数。
The United States ______(be) a developed country. 美国是个发达国家.
5.当表示度量，距离，金额，时间等数量词作主语时，常把这个数量词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
1.100 dollars ____ (be) not a small number
2.Twenty years ________(be) not a long time.
3.forty miles________(be) a long way.
在一些算术题目中，一般把算术题目的主语看成是单数，谓语动词
用单数，但在加和乘时，谓语动词也可用复数。
1.six minus four _________ (be) two.
2.Two and two____________(be) four.
6.分数作主语时，不是看分数本身，而是看这个分数所修饰的名词。如果其修饰的是不可数名词或可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数，如果是复数名词。则谓语动词用复数。
1.In our class two thirds of the students _______(be) girls.
2.Three quarters of the information on the internet ______(be) written in English.
7.由“the+形容词”构成的词，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等用来表示具有某种特性的一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The rich _______ (have) a lot of money.
8.代词all，most，what, who ,which, more , 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数也要根据它所表达的意义来决定。
Most of the apples_______(be) rotten. 大部分的苹果是烂的.
Most of the apple ____(be) eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了.
9.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由它修饰的先行词来决定。先行
词是单数时，谓语动词用单数，反之用复数。
She is one of the few girls who _____ well paid(获得好收入) in the factory now.
A: is B: are C: was D: were
对：Tom is one of the students who____good at playing football.
Tom is the only one of the students who____ good at playing football.
就近一致原则:
1.在…or, either…or…, neither…nor…，not only…but also…, not …but…句型中，其谓语动词和邻近的那个主语保持一致.
1.Either Ann or Jane _______ (come) from USA.
2.Neither he nor I ______ (have) finish the work.
3.Not only his family but also he _____(like) Zhang Yimou’s movies.
2.在there be 和here be 结构中，如果主语不只一个。谓语动词通常和靠近be的名词来决定谓语的单复数形式。
1.There _____ (be) five pens and a book on the desk
2.There _____ (be) a book and five pens on the desk.
主谓一致记忆口诀
单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单。
如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间.
有些名词谓常复,people, police, cattle即这般
主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关.
many a作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单
or, nor, but also, there be,近主原则挂嘴边.
1. The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 199
2.（2005年山东卷）
A. change
B. has changed
C. changing
D. have changed
2. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _________ in the clothing industry.（2005年辽宁卷）
A．is working B．works C．work D．worked
3. A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.（2006年江苏卷）
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
4. A survey of the opinions of experts ______that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ____ good for one’s health. (2007年江西卷)
A. show; are
B. shows; is
C. show; is
D. shows; are
a. Let's write
1.Bread and butter________ my favourite food.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
2.The old ____ taken good care of in this country.
A. am
B. is C are D. was
3.The teacher with two students ___ into the room.
A. go
B. goes
C. have gone
D. going 4.Two thirds of water ____ from the Yellow River
A. are
B. come
C. go
D. comes
5.No one except my parents ______ anything about it.
A. know
B. knows
C. have known
D. is known
b. Multiple choice:
1. On the wall______ two large portraits.
A. hangs
B. hang
C. hanged
D. hanging
2. “News of victories ____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.
A. keep
B. kept
C. keeps
D. have kept
3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle.
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. has
4. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with twelve people in all.
A. is
B. are
C. being
D. was
5. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A. know
B. knows
C. have known
D. is known
6. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. were
7. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
8. A library with five thousand books____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered
B. has offered
C. are offered
D. have offered
1．One or two days ____ enough to see the city．
A．is B．are C．am D．be
2．Neither my wife nor I ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
A．is B．are C．am D．be
3．Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another．A．is B．are C．am D．be
4．Not the teacher，but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film．
A．is B．are C．am D．be
5．Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday．
A．was B．were C．has been D．have been
6．A woman with some children ____ soon．
A．is coming B．are coming C．has come D．have come
7．No one except my parents ____ anything about this.
A．know B．knows C．is known D．are known
8．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already．
A．has read B．have read C．are reading D．is reading
9．All but one ____ in the accident．
A．was killed B．were killed C．will be killed D．are killed
10. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet.
A. has not been decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
11. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different
reasons.
A. were; was
B. was; was
C. was; were
D. were; were
12. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are
13. The results of the examination ___that you have all made great _____ .
A. show; progress
B. shows; progress
C. show; progresses
D. shows; progresses
14.Here _____ a new pair of shoes for you.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has Fill in the blanks with the proper verbs:
The necklace
The story happened in Paris. One day, Pierre together with his wife, Mathilde ___ invited to a ball at the palace. Both of them ____ very glad to accept the invitation . Not only a new dress but also some jewellery ____ needed. But the family ____ not a rich one, they only could offer to buy a dress. So a diamond necklac e ____ borrowed from Mathilde’s friend Jeanne. But neither of them ____ told that the necklace ____ not a real diamond one. They went to the ball, and they ____ both happy. On their way home, Mathilde found the necklace ____ no more around her neck. They looked everywhere for it , but they couldn’t find it. It ___ lost. A lot of money ____ borrowed ,and a new diamond necklace ____ bought. To pay off the debts , the couple had to work day and night. Ten years ___ a long time, but at last they paid off all their debts. When Mathilde met Jeanne in the park , she ___ told the fact. The necklace she borrowed from Jeanne ____ only worth 500 francs.
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俞敏洪出生于1962年10月，江苏江阴人，民盟成员。北京大学西语系毕业，大学学历。在江阴市第一中学上高中。两次高考失利后，于1980年考入北京大学西语系，期间患病（肺结核）休学一年，1985年北京大学毕业，然后留校担任北京大学外语系教师。1991年9月，俞敏洪从北京大学辞职，进入民办教育领域，先后在北京市一些民办学校从事教学与管理工作。1993年11月16日，担任校长。从最初的几十个学生开始了新东方的创业过程。2001年成立新东方教育科技集团，2006年9月7日新东方教育科技集团在美国纽约证券交易所成功上市。母亲李八妹，妻子杨桂青，目前有一子一女。 出生草根 当一个人被视作成功者，他的每一个故事都会成为主角。俞敏洪在演说中经常讲到，只有两种人的成功是必然的，第一种是经过生活严峻的考验，经过成功与失败的反复交替，最后终于成大器，另一种没有经过生活的大起大落，但在技术方面达到了顶尖的地步。诚然如此，他无疑属于前者。 俞敏洪出生于60年代初的江苏农村，他因英语培训成名，却因为英语成绩差劲两次高考落榜。他说自己从那时开始与英语较上了劲。1980年，第三次参加高考的俞敏洪终于上了大学，讽刺的是，录取他的是北京大学英语系。即便如此，当时也没人想到俞敏洪将来会成为什么样子。进入北大后，他因为肺结核病休学一年，因为普通话不标准，只能在差班上课。 土里土气、智商平平，是俞敏洪当时的公认形象。他的高三补习班同学、现任北京新东方校长周成刚后来调侃，自己苦苦奋斗了二十几年，想不到最后竟要受制于他。俞敏洪自嘲，5年的大学生涯，大家认为他是最没出息的一个，也没有一个女孩正眼看过自己。 这些故事是俞敏洪日后经常在公开场合对别人提起的，他想要表达的是：不甘困苦、笨鸟先飞，就一定有成功的机会。事实上，俞敏洪当时还并未萌发出创立一大摊子生意的远大梦想，但他的确是个愿意为生活做出改变的人。大学毕业后，俞敏洪的大部分同学出国留学，他因为学业不出众“只能”留校担任一名普通老师。在“下海”浪潮席卷的那个年代，对于接触过高等教育的人来说，这是一份无聊的工作。经过3年的申请，他终于也被美国一所大学接受。 成功总是被各种偶然包裹，这就是新东方创立的最初动机。俞敏洪为了攒钱出国，张罗起一间淹没在建筑工地中的培训作坊。 人物荣誉
高中英语必修四各单元单句语法填空(有答案)
必修（4）语法单句训练 Unit one (主谓一致) （用所给词的正确形式填空） 1．What we need (be) more time and what they need (be) more workers. 2. This is one of the most exciting theme parks that I (have) visited, and Lily is the only one of the cleverest students who (have) worked out the problem. 3. A large amount of damage (be) done to the city in a very short time and large amounts of money (be) spent in rebuilding the city. 4. The wounded （be）sent to the hospital immediately and the dying person (be) seriously injured. 5. A number of students （have）gone to the countryside to help the farmers and the number of the students remained (be) one hundred. 6. About three—fourths of the earth’s surface(be) covered with water and three—fifths of workers here (be) women. 7. Neither you nor I nor anybody else (know) anything about it. 8. Tom or his brothers (are) waiting in the hall. 9. Truth and honesty (be) the best policy. 10. Going to bed early and getting up early (be) a good habit. 11. The farmer as well as his wife and children (be) very sad for their damaged crops. 12. The peasant and scientist (have) produced a special strain of super hybrid rice. 13. More than one person (have) seen the explosion. 14. The family (be)going to move abroad and now the whole family(be) packing luggage. 15. Two hundred miles (be) quite a long distance, but one hundred yuan (be) a small sum of money. 16. The crowd (be) running for their lives and the news (be) very exciting. 17. This glass works (be) set up in 1980 and these glass works (lie) near the railway station. 18. The police (be) searching for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly disappeared in a theatre. 19. Between the two rows of trees (stand) the teaching building. 20. “All (be) present and all (be) going on well.” Our monitor said. Unit two and unit three (动词v-ing 形式作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语) （用动词的适当形式填空） 1. It is no use (complain) the bad weather. 2. It is worth (visit) this wonderful marine park with only 80 yuan. 3. There is no sense in (forbid) the children to play outside. 4. No one can escape (punish) by the law if he breaks the law. 5. You (speak) English will surely improve if you practice (speak) it every day. 6. Mary’s (迟到) made the boss very angry. 7. Seeing the scene, I can’t help(laugh). 8. Peter had great difficult in (communicate) with others. 9. (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. 10. I remember to mail the letter but forget (buy) the stamp. 11. I advise (leave) early and forbid Tom (follow). 12. I want to tell my father that our computer needs (repair). 13. The key to (solve) the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers. 1
谓语的主谓一致
第四讲谓语的主谓一致 【语法讲解】 “一致”指句子成分之间要在人称、数、性等方面保持的协调关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语和谓语动词之间的数的一致。 1. 基本原则： 在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。三个原则中，以语法一致为主，意义一致次之，就近一致再次之。 1.1语法一致原则指的是一般情况下，主语和谓语动词要在语法上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，动词也采取单数形式；主语为复数形式，动词也采取复数形式，这种一致关系叫做语法一致。例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是一个好学生。（一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数时，be动词采用is的形式） Tom and Mary are good friends. （一般现在时中主语为第三人称复数时，be动词采用are的形式） 英语中遵循语法一致原则的具体情况包括： 1）动词不定式、动名词、从句做主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。例如： Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。（主语为动名词talking） To make a plan for our future is important. 为我们的将来制定计划很重要。（主语为不定式短语to make a plan for our future） When they will move to Beijing has not been decided yet.他们什么时候搬到北京去还没有决定。（主语为主语从句when they will move to Beijing） 2） a portion of, a series of, a kind of 等词语修饰主语时，of后面既可以接单数名词，也可以接复数名词，但谓语动词采用单数形式。例如： A kind of special tools is needed. 需要一种特殊的工具。 A series of white arrows has been painted on the road. 马路上画有一连串白色箭头。 A portion of land has been cultivated. 已经耕种了一部分土地。 【特别提醒】a variety of, a number of ＋名词复数作主语时，谓语动词采用复数形式。 A variety of ways______________ in solving the problem. 为了解决这一问题已经尝试了很多种方法。 A large number of people _________________________.很多人在那家公司工作。 3）everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, each, one of, either, neither, every用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。例如： Someone _____________(bing)t the book here.有人把书带到这儿来。 _________________, tell him I’ll be back in a minute.如果有人打电话，告诉他我马上回来。 One of the students______(be) absent today. 有一个学生今天没来。 I invited both of them but neither ____________(come) yet. 我邀请了他们两个人，但现在一个也没到。The two guests have arrived and either__________(be)welcome.两个客人都到了，而且都受欢迎。 【特别提醒】none的用法相当于名词，指不可数名词时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式；指可数名词复数时，后面的谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。 None of the money ____(be) yours. None of his friends_________(come) to see him. 4) both, few, many, several等代词用作主语或修饰可数名词复数的主语时，谓语动词采用复数形式。例如： Both her fingers ______________.她的两个手指都断了。 Few of my friends_______(be)there .我的朋友几乎没有人在那里。
19.主谓一致
主谓一致 一、主谓一致的定义 谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致，这就叫做主谓一致。 二、主谓一致的原则 在英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词应该采取的相应形式。这看起来似乎很简单，但使用起来却常遇到复杂的情况。 （－）语法一致原则 一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The number of errors was surprising．错误之多是惊人的。 We love our motherland．我们热爱我们的祖国。 The girl has found her mother．那个姑娘找到了她的妈妈。 （二）意义一致原则 主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。如： The crowd were fighting for their lives．这些人正为生存而战斗。（主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式。） Three years in a strange land seem like a long time．在异国土地上生活三年，仿佛是很长的时间。（主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。）（三）就近原则 谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的主语的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。如： Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there．不仅他的孩子想去，而且他本人也想去那里。 Either my wife or I am going to work there．不是我妻子就是我将去那里工作。 三、主谓一致的应用情况 由于汉语里没有主谓一致现象，因此，不少英语初学者不能正确掌握英语的主谓一致。一般来说，英语的谓语形式随主语的人称、单复数以及动作的时态、语态而变。以下结合中