2010年阅读真题解析(英语)

2010年真题解析

Passage One

1.bull: 1)牛2）（文中含义）牛市

2.run: 时期，一段时间

* bull run: 牛市期

3.dramatic: 戏剧化的

4.note: 1.（文中含义）气氛 2. 笔记

* on a dramatic note: 戏剧性地

5.all but （two pieces）: 除....之外的所有东西

6.to fetch: 1）. （文中含义）售得（若干价钱）

*The painting is expected to fetch at least $20 million.人们认为这幅画可以卖到至少2000万美元。 2）去（某个地方）取回

*Shannon went upstairs to fetch some blankets.香农去楼上取来一些毯子。

7.auction：（名词）拍卖

* The house was sold at auction.房子拍卖出售。

auctioneer: 拍卖师

8.to call out bids; 喊出拍卖的报价

9.to file for sth：1）（文中含义）(法律上正式）提出申请

* The Morrisons have filed for divorce：莫里斯夫妇已经提出离婚。

# to file for bankruptcy: 提出破产的申请

# file a complaint/ lawsuit (against somebody)针对sb提出投诉/诉讼

Mr Genoa filed a formal complaint against the department. Genoa先生正式投诉了这个部门。

2）排队前行

* We began to file out into the car park. 我们开始排队进入停车场。* The mourners filed past the coffin. 吊唁者排队经过棺材。

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more

than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 在2008年9月15日伦敦苏富比拍卖行举行的“在我心中，美丽永恒”拍卖会上，Damien Hirst的56部作品成功售出，随着这些作品的售出，艺术品市场一个世纪以来最长的牛市戏剧性地落幕了。所有作品中只有两件没有售出，销售额超过了7，000万英镑，创造了单个艺术家的拍卖纪录。这是最后的胜利。（因为）就在拍卖师喊出报价的时候，纽约华尔街上历史最悠久的银行之一雷曼兄弟申请破产。

10.momentum: （名词）势头，力量

#gain/gather momentum 集聚力量，发力

* The campaign for reform should start to gather momentum in the new year.改革活动应该在新年发力。

* Governments often lose momentum in their second term of office.一般政府在第二任期内会失去势头。

11.peak: 1）顶点2）（文中含义）巅峰

# at one’s peak: 在巅峰状态

12.to reckon: 1）. 认为＝think

* Do you reckon he'll agree to see us？你觉得他会同意我们吗？

2）（文中含义）估算，估计

* We reckon that sitting in traffic jams costs us around $9 billion a year in lost output。我们估算在交通堵塞中的损失达每年90亿美元。

13.A is double B : A是B的两倍

14.ego: (名词) 自我

15.greed: （名词）贪婪

greedy: 贪婪的

16.controversy: （名词）争议

controversial: 有争议的

17.to match: （动词）1）.（文中含义）与….相当

* His strength is matched by his intelligence. 他的力量与智慧相当。

2）与….相配

We painted the cabinets green to match the rug. 我们把壁橱油漆成绿色和地毯相匹配。

* Do you think this outfit matches? 你觉得这套衣服搭配得当吗？

注意：我们不说“matches to” or “matches with another”. 而是说“one thing matches another” or “two things match”.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising

bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm – double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. 世界艺术品市场在经历了2003年起的急剧上升后，一段时间以来其发展势头已经开始丧失。Clare McAndrew 是一家名叫Arts Economics,研究公司的创始人，他估计在2007年的高峰期，世界艺术品市场的价值约为650亿美元，是五年前的两倍。从那时起，它的价值可能已经降到500亿美元。但是艺术品市场产生的利益远远超出它本身的规模，因为它汇集了巨大的财富、膨胀的自我、贪婪、激情和争议。其方式几乎没有哪个产业能与之相提并论。

18.to stay away from: 远离

19.sector: 领域，部门

20.guarantee: （名词）保证金

* In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. 在Hirst的作品拍卖会后的几个星期和几个月里，任何此类的投资都变得很不合时宜。在艺术品领域，这意味着收藏家远离了画廊和销售店。当代艺术品的销售额下降了三分之二，而在最热门的领域，那一年的销售额截止到2008年11月份下跌了近90%。几周之内，世界上两家最大的拍卖行，苏富比和佳士得，不得不支付近两亿美元把那些早已把作品交与他们出售的客户，以作为担保费用。

21.downturn: （名词）下降，衰退，低迷

the current downturn: 目前的低迷状态

22. on average: 平均而言

23. to fluctuate: 变动，震荡

fluctuant:：变动的，震荡的

24. be confident that….或者be confident about sth: 坚信…

用名词形式的话：to have confidence in sth……..注意介词的不同

25. be at the bottom: 在底部

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at

the bottom.”当前艺术品市场的下滑是自1989年底日本停止购买印象派作品以来最糟糕的一次。这一次，专家估计平均价位相对于峰值来讲下降了大约百分之四十，尽管有些价格波动的幅度更大。但佳士得的首席执行官Edward Dolman说：“我们现在已处于谷底，对此我深信不疑。”

26.slump: （名词）低潮，锐减= downturn

27.to keep away: 远离= to stay away from

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. 他指出，与上一次暴跌不同的是目前市场上仍存在买家。几乎每位接受这个特别报道采访的人都说，当前最大的问题不是缺乏需求，而是没有好的作品销售。三D因素----death(死亡)、debt(债务)、divorce(离婚)------依然会把艺术品推向市场。但所有那些不必出手的人正在远离市场，等待市场信心的回归。

本文主要就世界艺术品市场的低迷状况进行论述。

第一段：指出艺术市场上持续一个世纪的牛市结束了，标志就是达米安?赫斯特56部作品的出售。

第二段：回顾了自2003年至今，艺术市场的走势情况，即在经历了急剧的上升期后，艺术市场的势头大减。

第三段：对低迷的艺术市场进行详细的分析。

第四段：指出尽管当前的艺术市场状况糟糕，但佳士得的总裁仍有信心期待市场的复苏。

第五段：指出这次衰退与以往的不同之处是市场上仍存在需求，但缺乏好的作品，原因是许多卖主在等待未来的时机。

1. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory”

because __________.

because:原因分析题, 通常先下再上, 即在下文中找

A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories 逻辑上说不通

B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids也不能说是因

C. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces 也不能说是因

D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

在原文中定位It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.（宣布破产，表示金融危机的来临）

2. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1-2, Para 3),

the author suggests that __________.

对于句子解释的，我们面对的句子有这样的特点：句子结构很晦涩；或用了修辞手段。

A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

B. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries违背事实，因为every kind绝对化，绝对化的选项，毙掉

C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

D. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

C与D是一致的，所以不选。回文定位到第三段In the weeks and months that fo llowed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Stay away from: 我们做的是深刻的推断题，选取正确答案的规则是：面子不同，里子同。答案选（A）

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.’（Para 2S2，3）

B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

C. The art market generally went downward in various ways.（p3s1）

D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.（尾段尾句）

排除性判断题，题干往往缺乏信号词，所以需要一一回文定位，加以比较和判断，由于相对繁琐费事，我们需要“无比耐心”

（Ａ）回文定位到第二段第二、三句At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm –double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion

（C）回文定位到第三段首句In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.的spending=the art market, of any sort=generally 和in various ways, became deeply unfashionable=went downward, 所以（C）正确

（D）回文定位到尾段尾句：But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,

waiting for confidence to return. 所以（D）正确

（B）是无中生有，虽然有标志性的词momentum，但回到有momentum的地方

定位，完全歪曲了愿望。

正确答案应该选（Ｂ）

4. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are __________.

A. auction houses’ favorites

B. contemporary trends

C. factors promoting artwork circulation

D. style representing Impressionists

尾段：The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.从破折号后面找到线索，很多时候破折号出现的地方也是题眼。５．The most appropriate title for this text could be __________.

A. Fluctuation of Art Prices

B. Up-to-date Art Auctions

C. Art Market in Decline

D. Shifted Interest in Arts

这是篇章主旨题。思路是对整篇文章做高度概括，可以将各段的首句信息做综合处理

P1s1: end

P2s1: lose momentum

P3s1: unfashionable

P4s1downturn /worst

P5s1: slump

通过上述各句的核心词，不难发现（C）是正确答案。

2012年

1.家庭作业

2.粉色

3.基因专利

4.经济萧条对美国社会的影响

2011年

1.外部董事

2.美国报业的重生

3.二战后的住房风格及其由来

4.欧盟的困境

大家从这八篇来看可以总结出我在批注中说到的规律。

Passage Two：

1.to address: (及物动词)：1）. （文中含义）对一大群人发表正式演说

# address a meeting/conference etc

*He addressed an audience of 10,000 supporters.（后面不加介词to, 或者at, in ）他给一万个支持者做演讲。

* I was addressing a small gathering。我在一个小型集会发表演讲

2）直接对sb说话

* She turned to address the man on her left. 她转过去对她左边的男人说话。

3）解决（问题）

# address a problem/question/issue etc

* Our products address the needs of real users.我们的产品解决了使用者的需求。

4）在（信封、包裹上）写上地址

# address something to somebody在sth上写上地址寄给sb

* That letter was addressed to me.这封信是寄给我的。

* Send a stamped, self-addressed envelope。寄出一封贴好邮票、写好你自己地址的信封。

2.suburban: 郊区的

suburb: （名词）郊区 a London suburb 伦敦郊区

3.throughout the evening: 整个晚上

4.talkative: 健谈的

5.frequently: 经常地

6.anecdote: （名词）趣闻轶事

7.on the couch: 在沙发上

8.to comment: 做出评论

#comment on