研英第十课词汇学习
V ocabulary study
1.Mars→Martian ['ma:??n]
2.Venus→Venusian [vi'nju:si?n]
3.harmony: n. agreement in feeling or opinion; accord
The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture.
His ideas were no longer in harmony with ours.
The couple dwelt together in harmony and concord.
harmonious: adj. friendly and peaceful
It is a harmonious community where pupils are happy and industrious.
Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.
harmony→harmonious
disharmony→disharmonious
4.amnesia [?m'ni??]: partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock,
psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness 失忆症，健忘症，记忆缺失It is sad that many people have got amnesia when they come out from disasters.
People suffering from amnesia don't forget their general knowledge of objects. 5.friction:the force that makes it difficult for things to move freely when they are
touching each other; disagreement and argument between people
Fiction acts on moving bodies and brings them to a stop.
In most machines friction consumes effort, with the result that less work is got out than is put in.
在大多数机器中，摩擦要消耗功，以致造成输出的功要小于输入的功。
friction: conflict, clash
Sara sensed that there had been friction between her children.
When Joan returned to work, the friction between them increased.
6.abrasion/bruise
abrasion [?b'rei??n]: the process of wearing down or rubbing away by means of friction; an area on a person’s body where the skin has been scraped 磨损，擦伤Diamonds have extreme resistance to abrasion.
He had severe abrasions to his right cheek.
abrade→abrasion
My skin was abraded and very tender.
Their gossips abraded her into restlessness.
bruise [bru:z]: n.&v. an injury that appears as a purple mark on your body, although the skin is not broken.
How did you get that bruise on your cheek?
I had only bruised my knee.
7.fantasize: to portray in the mind; imagine
At times when my work gets me down, I like to fantasize about being a farmer.
Her husband died in 1967, although she fantasized that he was still alive.
More derivatives:
fantastic: adj. strange, wonderful, incredible
fantastic: n. an odd person
fantasy: n. illusion
fantasm: n. illusion; a ghostly appearing figure
8.gadget/gizmo/device
gadget: n. a small machine or useful apparatus
The children were squabbling over the remote-control gadget for the television.
gizmo: a device or small machine that performs a particular task, usually in a new and efficient way.
They invented a plastic gizmo for holding a coffee cup on the dashboard.
device: an instrument, especially one that is cleverly thought out or made for a special purpose.
He invented a neat little device for sharpening pencils.
9.autonomy [?'t?n?mi]: the condition or quality of being autonomous;
independence
Activists stepped up their demands for local autonomy last month.
She sets a high value on autonomy.
learner autonomy 自主学习
local autonomy 地方自治
financial autonomy 财政自治
institutional autonomy 机构自治
autonom y→autonomous
autonomous tariff 自主关税
autonomous car 自动驾驶汽车
autonomous navigation 自动导航
autonomous region 自治区
autonomous county 自治县
autonomous system 独立系统
autonomous operation 独立作战
10.empathy ['emp?θi]: identification with and understanding of another’s situation,
feelings, and motives （心）移情作用，认同和理解别人的处境、感情和动机Having begun my life in a children's home I have great empathy with the little ones.
The nurse should try to develop empathy between herself and the patient.
A writer usually has an imaginative empathy with his subject.
11.revel in: to be keen on; lose oneself in; indulge oneself in
Young men revel in doing dangerous tasks.
The young movie star reveled in the public’s admiration.
She revels in tennis.
12.at odds: quarrel with sb.; disagree with sb.
The profit motive is inherently at odds with principles of fairness and equity.
Global ecological efforts can easily be at odds with local ecologies.
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英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)解析
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
自考英语词汇学部分章节重点归纳EnglishLexicology
《英语词汇学》（课程代码：00832）试卷结构 Chapter 5 Word Meaning(词的意义) Reference(所指关系) is the relationship between language and the world. Concept(概念)，which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition n.认识；知识；认识能力, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. Sense(语义)denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense (not every word has reference) Motivation (词义理据)account for the connection between the linguistic(word) symbol and its meaning. Onomatopoeic motivation(拟声理据) words were created by imitating the nature sounds or noises. Morphological motivation(形态理据)compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined. 很多合成词和派生词都是这类， Semantic motivation(语义理据)refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.( 由字面义派生出来的引申 义) Etymological motivation (词源理据) the meaning of many words often relate words the history of the word explain the meaning of the word. associative meaning 关联意义 Lexical meaning 词汇意义 Types of Meaning conceptual /denotative meaning 词义的分类概念意义 Grammatical meaning 语法意义directly to their origins. In other connotative meaning 内涵意义 stylistic meaning 文体意义 affective meaning 感情意义 collocative meaning 搭配意义 Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships. Conceptual meaning also known as denotative meaning( 外延意义 ), is the meaning given in the dictionary and
英语词汇学课后答案张维友编
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
【西大2017版】[0057]《英语词汇学》网上作业题及答案
[0057]《英语词汇学》 第一次作业 [论述题] Exercise 1 Definitions Define the following terms with illustrative examples. 1. aliens 2. denizens 3. homophones 4. metonymy 5. dialect 6. backformation 7. acronym 8. semantic loan 9. bilingual dictionary 10. polysemy 参考答案： Exercise 1 Definitions 1. aliens Aliens are words borrowed from a foreign language without any change of the foreign sound and spelling. These words are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin. For examples, "coup d'état”, "résumé”, "régime”, etc. are all Aliens of French borrowings. 2. denizens Denizens are easily associated with already existing native words. They are successfully assimilated. They are foreign words which have been conformed to native English in accent, form (spelling) and even in adoption of an English affix. E.g. uncertain (the English prefix un- + certain, French by origin). 3. homophones Homophones are words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. sun, son; piece and peace; etc. 4. metonymy Metonymy is one way of meaning transference whereby the name of one thing is changed for that of another, to which it is related by association of ideas. For example, when I say "I am reading Shakespeare (meaning Shakespeare's works), I am using metonymy. 5. dialect Dialect refers to a variety of a language peculiar to some districts and having no normalized literary form. For example, Shanghai dialect is spoken peculiarly in Shanghai but there's no literary work peculiarly written in Shanghai dialect. 6. back formation
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Lecture 4-《英语词汇学》第四章教案
Lecture 4 讲授题目：Morphological Structure of English Words 所属章节：《现代英语词汇学概论》之第2章 计划学时：2 periods 教学方法：传统讲授法 参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》 教学目的和要求：通过本单元的学习，学生对词的 形态结构、词的构成要素—词素、词干、词根有基本的了解和认识。 ?教学重点： 1) Morpheme; 2) Types of morphemes. 教学难点： 1) Concept of morpheme; 2) Morpheme、stem 、root. Lecture 4 Before we actually deal with the means of word-formation, we need to analyze the morphological structure of words and gain a working knowledge of the different word-forming elements which are to be used to create new words. Morphological Structure of English Words 1. Morpheme (词素/语素/形位) It seems to be generally agreed that a word is the smallest unit of a language that stands a lone to communicate meaning. Structurally, however, a word is not the smallest unit because many words can be separated into even smaller meaningful units. Look at the following items: Morphological Structure of English Words ? yes yes ? unhappiness un-happi-ness ? horses horse-s ? talking talk-ing Yes has no internal grammatical structure. We could
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英语词汇学 英语词汇学习题3及答案讲课稿
英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案
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Lecture 5 Word Formation-《英语词汇学》第五章教案
Lecture 5 讲授题目：Word Formation Ⅰ 所属章节：《现代英语词汇学概论》之第3章 计划学时：4 periods 教学方法：传统讲授法 参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》 教学目的和要求：通过本单元的学习，学生对英语的构词法有初步了解，尤其是产出新词最多的三种主要构词法：词缀法、复合法、转类法。 教学重点：1) Affixation; 2) Compounding; 3) Conversion. 教学难点：The above-mentioned word-formations. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation. There is a variety of means being at work now. The most productive are affixation, compounding and conversion. According to Pyles and Algeo (1982), words produced through affixation constitute 30% to 40% of the total number of new words; compounding yields 28% to 30% of all the new words; conversion gives us 26% of the new vocabulary. The rest of new words come form shortening including clipping and
英语词汇学最新教学大纲
英语词汇学 (English Lexicology) 课程编号：05100290课程性质：专业选修课 总学分：2 总学时：36 一课程目的及要求： 英语语言文学专业必修课或选修课。英语词汇学是一门以当代语言学多种理论为指导，全面深入研究英语词汇的专业课程。英语词汇学课程重在揭示现代英语词汇的普遍规律，侧重分析研究现代英语词汇现象，兼顾英语词汇的纵向演变和发展。 本课程旨在帮助英语专业高年级学习者强化英语词汇知识，系统地了解现代英语词汇的过去和现状，把握英语词汇学习与使用的规则和特点。既要培养学生理解语言现象和分析语言问题的理论水平，又要提高学生运用英语的实际能力。二、课程主要内容： 英语词汇学导言（词汇学的性质、重要性、学习方法） 词的基本知识（词和词汇的定义与区别，声音与意义和拼写之间的关系，词汇划分的基本原则及各类词的主要特点） 英语词汇的形成与发展（英语的亲属关系，英语词汇形成和发展的三个时期及其特点，现代英语词汇发展的趋势和方式） 英语构词法I （词的个构成成分，各成分之间的区别，对词进行结构分析）英语构词法II （现代英语主要构词法，这些构词法在英语词汇发展中的地位） 词的意义（了解“意义”的不同含义，词义的理据，几种常见意义） 语义关系和语义场（词与词之间的几种主要语义关系，它们的概念和特点）词义的演变（词义变化的必然性，词义变化的主要方式，词义变化的原因）词义与语境（两种不同的语境，语境对词义的重要作用） 英语习语（英语习语的概念、范畴、特点及其分类原则，习语的作用） 英语词典（不同类型词典的形式、内容、范围及特点） 三、教学方式 以讲解为主，在教学过程中采用研究型教学方式，在讲授基本的词汇学概念和原理之后引导学生进行课堂讨论，课后查阅资料，收集语料，描写语言和分析语言等活动，同时指定阅读材料并作课堂汇报。 四、主要教学参考书： 教材：自编 参考书目： 1. 陆国强：《现代英语词汇学》，上海外语教育出版社，1999 2. 汪榕培、卢晓娟：《英语词汇学教程》，上海外语教育出版社，1997 3. 张维友：《英语词汇学》，外语教学与研究出版社，2000 4. 张韵斐，周锡卿：《现代英语词汇学概论》，北京师范大学出版社，1988 5. 张永言，《词汇学简论》，华中工学院出版社，1982 6．拉耶芙斯卡娅，《英语词汇学引论》，商务印书馆，1960
2019年西南大学作业答案[0057]《英语词汇学》
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./eks/, “out” 5、My sister lives 1000 miles away from us, so I only got to see her ________. .once in a blue moon .one time in a blue moon .one time in a moon .once in a moon 6、In the Early Modern English Period, ________ exerted the greatest influence(s) on English. .Chinese .Latin and Greek .German .French 7、— Does Tom smoke? — No. He is a _______. .unsmoker .nonsmoker .dissmoker .insmoker 8、Words such as priest, bishop, monk, nun, candle, etc. are of ________ origin. .Russian .Indian .Latin .Greek
00832英语词汇学2014年04月真题及答案
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纺院英语词汇学11
1. 将下列矛盾修饰语译成汉语 Old news 旧新闻 student teacher 实习教师 light heavyweight 轻重量级 Peace offensive 和平攻势 growing small 越变越小 negative growth 负增长 Half naked 半裸 open secret 公开的秘密 loose tights宽松的紧身裤 Tight slacks 紧身的宽松裤 awful good极好的 same difference同样的区别 Sight unseen 看不见的景象 darkness visible看得见的黑暗 2. Point out the rhetorical devices of the following sentences 1) A hundred bayonets were marching down the street.----metonymy借代 2) She borrowed his wheel for a spin out to town. ----synecdoche 提喻
3) Laziness travels so slowly that poverty soon overtakes him.---personification 拟人 4) The scent of the rose rang like a bell through the garden.----simile 明喻 5) Constant dropping wears the stone.----metaphor 隐喻 6) His voice sounded like a thunder in the hall.—simile明喻 7) When industry comes in at the window, poverty goes out of the door.----personification.拟人 8) We are creating a nation once again vibrant, robust and alive. But there are many mountains yet to climb. ----mataphor隐喻9) You can not change his mind any more than you can change the orbit of the moon. ----simile明喻 10) That fut coat would be beyond his miserable pocket. ----metonymy借代 11) There are hundreds of sails in the harbour. ----synecdoche提喻 12) He was such an auful teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius you could be sure he’d water it. ---metaphor隐喻 13) Sharp words may occasionally be spoken by unguarded or ignorant tongues.