英美文学史复习要点

英美文学史复习要点
英美文学史复习要点

英国文学

Charles Dickens查理·狄更斯

Oliver Twist雾都孤儿(first true novel);Hard Times艰难时刻;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectations远大前程;Pickwick Papers匹克威克外传;David Copperfield大卫科波菲尔;Bleak House荒凉山庄

Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代

Under the Greenwood Tree在绿荫下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特乔市长;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德;A Pure Women诱奸

美国文学

Part 1. The Literature of Colonial America殖民时期文学

Puritanism对美国文学最有影响力的一种文学形式

The American puritans: a group of serious, religious idealists, advocating highly religious and moral principles. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God.

Basic Puritan Beliefs:①total depravity (concept of Original Sin)②unconditional election(concept of predestination)③limited atonement④irresistible grace⑤Perseverance of the "saints"

Part 2. National Literature民族文学(启蒙文学)

Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林

The Autobiography自传

Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩(爱国主义作家)

Common Sense常识;The American Crisis美国危机

Thomas Jefferson(在其主持领导下,通过了独立宣言)

The Declaration of Independence独立宣言

Part 3.Romanticism (stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outbreak of the civil war)

早期浪漫主义作家①Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文幽默大师、散文大师

A History of New York纽约外史——美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book见闻札记;Rip Van Wrinkle瑞普·凡·温克尔;The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说——使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家

②James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀(关注西进运动)

Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子故事集(5部长篇小说:The Deerslayer杀鹿人; The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人; The Pathfinder探路者; The Pioneer拓荒者; The Prairie平原)

③William Cullen Bryant布莱恩特

Thanatopsis死亡随想;To a Waterfowl;致水鸟(被Matthew Arnold誉为英国语言中最完美的一首短诗)

Transcendentalis m①oversoul超灵②believe firmly in democracy, and insisted on an intense individualism③nature

Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the 1830s and 1840s in the New England region of the United States as a protest to the general state of culture and society. ①They believe the inherent goodness of both man and nature. ②They believe that society and its institutions ultimately corrupted the purity of the individual.③They believe that man is at his best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. It is only from such real individuals that true community could be formed.

Edgar Allan Poe埃德加?爱伦?坡(诗人、短篇小说家)

To Helen致海伦;The Raven乌鸦;Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales 故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌; Annabel Lee安娜贝尔?李(爱情诗,致已逝的妻子)-----歌特风格;首开近代侦探小说先河,又是法国象征主义运动的源头。

推崇人与自然的关系的作家①Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生(超验主义的集大成者)

The American Scholar论美国学者; Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;

Self-reliance论自立

②Henry David Thoreau亨利?大卫?梭罗

Walden瓦尔登湖

浪漫主义作家①Walt Whitman沃尔特?惠特曼(written in Whitman’s signature free verse style) Free verse: poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme

Leaves of Grass草叶集: Song of Myself自我之歌(《草叶集》中最长的一部长诗)

②Emily Dickinson埃米莉?狄金森

I Heard a Fly buzz—when I died当我死的时候—听到一只苍蝇嗡嗡响

二者异同:①均歌颂美国的扩张,赞扬美国的自由、民主、个人主义。②W放眼美国(national)而D只关注新英格兰(regional),同时,

关注人性黑暗面的作家①Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔?霍桑(Sin will get punished, one way or another.)

The House of the Seven Gables带有七个尖角阁的房子; The Scarlet Letter红字; The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇; Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔; The Marble Faun玉石雕像; Young Goodman Brown好小伙布朗(短篇小说);The Great Stone Face(短篇小说)

The Scarlet Letter

内容情节: The story starts during the summer of 1642, near Boston, Massachusetts, in a Puritan village. A young woman, named Hester Prynne, has been led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms, and on the breast of her gown "a rag of scarlet cloth" that "assumed the shape of a letter." It is the uppercase letter "A." The Scarlet Letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin—a badge of shame—for all to see. A man, who is elderly and a stranger to the town, enters the crowd and asks another onlooker what's happening. The second man responds by explaining that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she, and whose real name is unknown, has sent her ahead to America whilst settling affairs in Europe. However, her husband does not arrive in Boston and the consensus is that he has been lost at sea. It is apparent that, while waiting for her husband, Hester has had an affair, leading to the birth of her daughter. She will not reveal her lover's identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her subsequent public shaming, is the punishment for her sin and secrecy. On this day, Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child's father.

主题:The Scarlet Letter is not a praise of a Hester Prynne sinning, but a hymn on the moral growth of the woman when sinned against.

人物分析:Hester Prynne: attractive, appealing, and mildly aggressive

②Herman Melville赫尔曼?梅尔维尔(The way to heaven is through hell.)

Moby Dick白鲸;Typee泰比(长篇小说);Omoo奥姆; White-Jacket白外套; Billy Budd比利?巴德

Part 4. The age of Realism(浪漫主义文学与现实主义文学的分界点:The Civil War)

Mark Twain马克?吐温(Samuel Langhorne Clemens)乡土文学(Local Colorism)的集中代表性作家,虽非首创,但将其发扬光大;并开创了口语化的文体(colloquial style)的传统

Local Colorism: such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than native

Gilded Age refers to the period following the Civil War, running from the late 1860s to 1896. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain in his book. The term refers to the gilding of a cheaper metal with a thin layer of gold, with a hint of the "golden age" of a nation's glory. Many critics at the time complained that the era was marked by ostentatious display, crass manners, political corruption, and shoddy ethics.

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利?费恩历险记(代表作,被海明威誉为“all modern American literature comes”);Life on the Mississippi(另一代表作); The Gilded Age镀金年代(first novel); Jumping Frog跳蛙(first book); The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆?索亚历险记(a boy’s boo k);

Henry James享利?詹姆斯(the founder of psychological realism心理现实主义的奠基人)

The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像(代表作);Daisy Miller黛西?米勒;三部曲(The Wings of the Dove鸽翼;The Ambassadors大使;The Golden Bowl金碗)

Part 5.American Naturalism

Naturalism is not only a special selection of subject matter and a special way of rendering those materials; it is a mode of fiction that was developed by a school of writers in accordance with a particular philosophical thesis.

Jack London杰克?伦敦

The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;Marti Eden马丁?伊登;White Fang白獠牙;The Sea Wolf海狼Theodore Dreiser西奥多?德莱赛

An American Tragedy美国悲剧(最成功的小说);Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹(first novel; Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic司多哥)

Part 6.Modernism

Imagism: approving the use of free verse, direct common speech, creation of new rhythms, absolute freedom in choice of subject matter, and the evocation of precise imagery in hard, clear poetic works

Ezra Pound艾兹拉?庞德(imagism poet)

The Cantos诗章(In a Station of the Metro在地铁车站)

Robert Frost罗伯特?弗罗斯特

The Road Not taken没有选择的道路;After Apple-Picking摘苹果之后

Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯?艾略特(诗人)

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (情歌); The Waste Land荒原(奠定了此后美国文学发展的传统)

20th“The Lost Generation迷惘的一代”代表作家①F. Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯?菲茨杰拉德The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tales of the Jazz Age爵士年代; Tender in the Night夜色温柔; The Last Tycoon最后的大亨

The Jazz Age was a movement that took place during the 1920s, or the Roaring Twenties, from which jazz music and dance emerged with the introduction of mainstream radio and the end of the war. This era ended in the 1930s with the beginning of The Great Depression but has lived on in American pop culture for decades.

②Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特?海明威central theme: (courage is) grace under pressure (guts).

Journalistic新闻体;硬汉形象

The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了,武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣;The Old Men and the Sea老人与海

John Steinbeck约翰?斯坦贝克

The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄Of Mice and Men人鼠之间

William Faulkner威廉?福克纳

The Sound and the Fury喧哗与骚动; As I lay dying弥留之际;Sanctuary圣殿;Light in August 八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙,押沙龙;The Hamlet村子;Go DownMoses去吧,摩西;Intruder in the Dust闯入坟墓的人; Requiem for a Nun修女安魂记

https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f3686003.html,/443672130/infocenter#!app=2&via=QZ.HashRefresh&pos=1339568043

英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案

考试课程:英国文学史及选读考核类型:A 卷 考试方式:闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业:英语考试班级:英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____,a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s

《外国文学史》课后简答题自己吐血

1.作为欧洲最早出现的文学,古代希腊文学开创了一种什么样的文化传统?体现了早期西方人什么样的思想感情和审美趣味?古希腊文化中蕴含着原始的“人”的观点,它经由古罗马文化对后来的西方文学产生了深远影响,成为西方文学人文传统的主要源头之一。古希腊民族对人的重视,与该民族的自然观宇宙观有密切联系。古希腊人有强烈的个体意识,重视个体的人的价值的实现,强调人在自己对立物——自然与社会——面前的主观能动性,崇尚人的智慧和在智慧引导下的自由,肯定人的原始欲望的合理性,是古希腊文化的本质特征。蕴藏着根深蒂固的人本主义意识。古希腊文学中最为突出的是人本精神。无论神话史诗还是喜剧,都满腔热情地讴歌生活,赞美人生,讴歌人类的勇敢聪明和智慧,占在宇宙的高度审视人和大自然的搏斗,礼赞人性的悲壮和崇高,体现出他们热爱生活,积极进取,勇于追求的乐观精神。这一精神成为文艺复兴时期西方思想的主要来源 希腊人以为人在世界上是孤独的无助地站立着的,且因为他时时地战胜阻碍,庄严的承受命运最严刻的判定,于是人道的崇拜便成了希腊生活与希腊宗教的主要特点。 他们成就了简朴的直截的美:直白的真实的美。 2.希腊神话具有哪些特点,为什么会具有这些特点? 1)原始、野蛮、未开化。希腊民族在原始公社和氏族社会就已经有了一套丰富而完整的神话。由于希腊神话起源很早,所以在希腊神话故事中往往会带一种原始、野蛮、未开化的气息。 2)人本主义与命运观念并存。希腊神话是原始初民的自由意志、自我意识和原

始欲望的象征表述。在神话中,神的意志和欲望就是人的意志和欲望,神和英雄们的所作所为、恣肆放纵的行为模式,隐喻了希腊人对自身原始欲望充分实现的潜在冲动,体现了个体本位的文化价值观念。希腊神话里真正具有宗教意义的神是命运,而那些热热闹闹的、欢愉活泼的、喧闹不已的诸神却没有一点宗教的意味。在希腊神话里表现了一个不出场的东西,这个东西就叫命运。它决定一切,包括神的命运也同样是由它决定的。因此,在希腊神话里面就包含了一个非常深刻的思想——命运。 3)人神同形同性论,处在核心地位是“人神同形同性论”,不仅使希腊神话较早的摆脱了兽型妖灵阶段,而且是深化体现了较强的民主意识和以人为本、注重现实的精神。希腊神话中的神不是有王或城邦统治者所垄断的,也不是高高在上,只供人们敬畏的神癨,而是属于整个希腊世界所有公民并生活与民众之中的神,神性与人性是相通的。不存在不可逾越的界限。神和人都有男女的形态,但有时人完美的体现,神的形象体现着人的智慧和美之所能达到的最高境界,但也和人一样有着七情六欲。 4)构建了一个多神系统。希腊人民以丰富、新奇的想象创造出了以宙斯为首的俄林波斯山众神,一般认为有十二主神。 5)赞扬乐观、积极进取的精神。希腊人民通过创造神来表达自己的理想和愿望,展现自己民族积极进取的精神风貌。 6)深刻的哲理意味。西绪弗斯滚石头,对一种看不见的终极目标的追求。 希腊神话故事是古希腊人民在努力从事生产生活活动过程中所创造的希腊神话故事是古希腊人民生活与人生的折射,它反映了古希腊人民对自然和英雄人物的崇拜与理想化,以及他们为了生存与自然所进行的顽强斗争。

英国文学史期末复习重点

英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates(海盗). They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1)T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.

外国文学史试题库学习资料

外国文学史试题库 一、填空(85题) 1、美国废奴文学的代表作有《汤姆叔叔的小屋》、《白奴》。 2、俄国文学史上塑造“小人物”形象的作品有普希金的《驿站长》、果戈里的《外套》 以及陀斯妥耶夫斯基的《穷人》等。 3、现实主义是19世纪 30 年代首先在法国、英国等地出现的文学思潮,以后波及俄 国、北欧和美国等地,高尔基称之为“批判现实主义”。 4、哈代把他的小说分为三类:罗曼史和幻想小说、机敏和经验小说、性格和环境 小说。 5、海涅被称之为浪漫主义的“幻想之王”和开创新诗派的“第一只夜莺”。 6、《复活》的男女主人公分别是聂赫留朵夫、玛斯洛娃。 7、司汤达的著名的文学评论集是《拉辛与莎士比亚》。他的长篇小说《红与黑》在文 学史上的地位是现实主义的奠基作,其副标题是《1830年纪事》。 8、马克思所称赞的英国“一派出色的小说家”是狄更斯、萨克雷、盖斯凯尔夫人。 9、马克.吐温的代表作是《哈克贝利.芬历险记》。 10、“迷惘的一代”语出美国女作家斯泰因,她曾指着海明威等人说:“你们是迷惘 的一代”。 11、把现实主义从理论到创作都臻于完善,代表了西欧现实主义的最高成就是巴尔扎克 (作家)的《人间喜剧》(作品)。 12、巴黎公社文学最有代表性的作家有欧仁.鲍狄埃、路易丝.米雪尔(茹尔.瓦莱 斯、让-巴蒂斯特.克莱芒)等。 13、路易丝.米雪尔是巴黎公社的著名诗人和社会活动家,有“红色圣女”之称。 14、巴黎公社文学为 20世纪世界无产阶级文学的发展奠定了基础。 15、维尔特被恩格斯称为“德国无产阶级第一个和最重要的诗人”。 16、冈察洛夫的代表作《奥勃洛摩夫》塑造了俄国文学史上最后一个“多余人”形象。 17、车尔尼雪夫斯基的长篇小说《怎么办》是一部社会政治小说,其副标题是新人的故事,这部小说塑造了拉赫美托夫等“新人”的形象。 18、欧.亨利是美国著名的短篇小说家,他善于通过描写“小人物”的不幸命运,揭示资本主义的不平与虚伪;在艺术上,他的小说常常以“含泪的微笑”和辛酸的欢乐打动读者,善于构思一个出人意料的结局,这种写法被称为欧.亨利笔法。 19、《马丁.伊登》是杰克.伦敦的代表作。 20、1829年巴尔扎克发表了《朱安党人》,迈开了走向现实主义的第一步。他的《人间喜剧》分为三大类:风俗研究、哲学研究、分析研究,其中的风俗研究又分为私

自考英语本科英美文学选读教你投机取巧过英美文学整理加强版

美文学这门科目庞大之极,堪称英本自考之最。自己一个人看那么厚的一本书,不用说能不能看下来,能记住多少实在不好说! 我在复习的时候,总结了一些规律,与大家分享,望对你有用,帮你顺利通过! 1.题型分析: 一般来讲,肯定是这种类型:a.单项选择题(40道,40分) b.引文简析(无非就是问问作者是谁,出自哪个作品,主题意象什么的,4道,16分)c.简答题(4道,24分)d.论述题(无非就是分析加读后感,20分) 经验:你应该可以看出来了,重点当然是单选了,分数大,又好得分,实在不行还可以蒙。建议尽可能把书看一遍,但不要看作者生平,那肯定不会考。有个印象就可以了,不用去背,如果你汉语文学功底好,可以省去不少时间。 2.比例分析 据本人统计,历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%,美国文学占48%。(2003年4月例外,其中英国部分58%)其中,可以看出 单选题:前22题肯定为英国部分,其余为美国部分。 大题部分:基本上是一人一半,各占50% 经验:书上共652页,英国411页,美国241页。英国作家共38位,美国15位。其中,美国部分中,诗歌作品也比较少,比较好确认。结论:死学美国,顺带英国。 3.内容分析 历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移,选读的比重越来越大。 经验:课文内容作到大体了解,但要特别重视作家艺术特色。选读部分加大力度,多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节,尽量作到能用英语复述。实在不行,也至少作到能用汉语复述。 4.真题解析及预测 自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高,所以历年试题是必惫的复习材料,不可缺少。有人说:“一套真题等于3套模拟题!”这话绝对没错。所以要花大力气在上面。记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。 注:马克吐温的《哈克贝里费恩历险记》的分析在2000~2002年中,连续考了三次。 经验:注意历年真题,尤其是去年的。去年的10分大题大致如下: a.《傲慢与偏见》中的三种婚姻 b.《白鲸》选文作品复述几分析象征意义。 ================================================ 4月14日]投机取巧教你过英美文学[压题篇] 本文是投机取巧过英美文学的最后一篇,收录北京市2004年4月10日英美文学考试的试题(除选择题外),是我在北京自考论坛处网友处所得,特此对提供帮助的朋友表示感谢。 二、1、Thomas Gray:Elegy in the Country Churchyard的第一段 2、Yeats的Down by the sallen garden,考的是他俩站在河边,那个女孩*在他肩头,他觉得自己年轻懵懂,而且泪流满面。 3、Emyly Bronte的Whuthering Heights里面Hethcliff在他lover临死之前的那段表现,还问了narrator 是谁 4、Emlily Dikinson的I Heard a Fly Buzz--When I died,问那个blue Buzz是什么意思

英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题) 2. Romance (名词解释) 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad(名词解释) 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance(名词解释)9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释)11. Blank verse(名词解释)12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读) 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要,最重要属sonnet18。(其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读) 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的,故事情节来自Old Testament,另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment(名词解释) 19. Neoclassicism(名词解释) 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要,注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样,它虚构了一系列的人物,以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文,这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要,要知道具体内容,就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称,和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; (我们主要讲了三个地方)“A Modest Proposal”比较重要,要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要,剧情要清楚,Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形,以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature,另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要,需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家,另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),

英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f3686003.html,ing alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f3686003.html,ing metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的,广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ① 坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use …heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③ 声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three:King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1.new discoveries in geography and astrology

2010-2011年英美文学史复习提纲

2010-2011年英美文学史考试题型及范围 一、考试题型 Part One: Multiple Choice (1’x 30) Part Two: Define the Literary Terms (3’x5) Part Three: Identification 15’(根据作品判定作者或作品类别即genre) Part Four: General Questions (15’) Part Five: Critical Analysis (25’) 二、范围 I.Multiple Choice (见下面) II.Definition 1.Humanism 2.Naturalism 3.Imagism 4.Romanticism 5.Transcendentalism 6.The Lost Generation 7.Modernism 8.Local Colorism III.Identification 1. 部分的选择题改编 2. 作品分析及大问题作家的代表作品。(书中例子) Identify Following Works by its Author or Genre 1. Beowulf is a(n) __________ of the Anglo-Saxon and the English people. 2. The Faerie Queen is an__________ written by_____________. IV. General Questions (state the significance of the following writers in the history of English and American literature and provide specific examples from their works to illustrate your views) 1.Thomas Hardy 2.Ernest Hemingway 3.T. S. Eliot

外国文学史必考简答答题、论述题

第一单元 1、古代希腊文学经历了哪些发展阶段?每一阶段的主要成就和主要特点是什么?列举主 要的代表作家和作品。 答:古希腊文学的发展可分四个时期:①氏族公社制向奴隶社会过渡的时期,史称“荷马时代(公元前11世纪~公元前9世纪),主要成就是神话和史诗。代表作有《希腊神话》和荷马《荷马史诗》,赫西奥德的教诲诗《工作与时日》和叙事长诗《神谱》。 ②希腊奴隶制城邦国家的形成和繁荣时期(公元前8世纪~公元前5世纪),主要成就是 抒情诗和寓言。代表作有萨福的独唱琴歌,和伊索的《伊索寓言》。③希腊奴隶制的全盛时期(公园前6世纪末~公元前4世纪初),史称“古典时期”,雅典成为全希腊的中心,雅典奴隶主民主制促进了雅典文化艺术的繁荣,主要成就是戏剧、散文和文艺理论。 代表作有柏拉图《理想国》、《裴德罗斯篇》、《伊安篇》、《会饮篇》;亚里士多德《诗学》。 ④希腊化时期(公元前4世纪~公元前2世纪),这一时期文学成就不大,只有新喜剧对 后世文学有一定影响。代表作米南德《恨世者》和《萨摩斯女子》。 2、希腊神话包括哪两方面的内容?它的主要特点是什么? 答:希腊神话包括:神的故事英雄传说 主要特点:①以艺术的方式反映了希腊氏族社会的本质和面貌。 ②神人同形,神高度人格化 ③以人为本强调人的力量和奋斗精神 ④生动活泼、清新质朴、充满乐观精神。 3、荷马史诗的基本内容是什么?分析其主要思想和其中的几个主要人物形象。 答:基本内容:以特洛伊战争为背景,《伊利昂纪》写最后一年中51天内发生的事情。 全诗在为赫克托耳举行的盛大葬礼中结束。《奥德修纪》写木马计的设计者奥德修斯,海上十年历险和归家夫妻团聚的故事。 主要思想:以人为主,热爱现实,肯定人的奋斗精神。强调对人生采取积极的态度。 主要人物形象:①阿基琉斯:勇敢,义气,固执,任性,氏族英雄身上的个人意识。 ②奥德修斯:有心计,善于克制自己,狡猾,心狠手辣。 4、荷马史诗有什么艺术特色? 答:1)创造了“英雄史诗“的形式:以英雄人物为中心,规模宏大,风格崇高。 2)结构灵巧,布局严整:《伊利昂纪》十年战争,最后一年,51天,4天激战(占整个篇幅的一半)。 3)自然的语言和“荷马式的比喻”:以自然界,日常生活,劳动过程中的某些现 象进行比喻。 4)使用现实主义和浪漫主义两种创作方法。 5)两步史诗的不同风格,阳刚之美和阴柔之美。 5、列举古希腊三大悲剧诗人及其代表作品,比较他们的创作特点。 答:埃斯库罗斯:他的剧作反映了雅典奴隶主民主制建成时期的社会生活。代表作《七将攻忒拜》(中,反映出作者的爱国思想和拥护民主制思想的一致性。)《俄瑞斯忒亚》(三部曲以一连串的复仇故事,反映出新观念新到的胜于旧观念旧道德、民主制优于旧传统的思想。)《被缚的普罗米修斯》。特点:悲壮、雄浑、自豪而又充满自信。 索福克勒斯:他的创作是雅典民主制盛极而衰时期的社会生活的反映。代表作《俄狄浦斯王》(他提倡民主精神,鼓吹英雄主义思想,强调人对命运的反抗。是雅典奴隶主兴盛时期民主派意识的特点。)特点:悲愤、迷惘、上下求索。 欧里庇得斯:他的作品反映了雅典奴隶主民主制危机时期的社会现实和思想意识。 代表作《特洛伊妇女》(以反对侵略战争为主题;)《美狄亚》(是为妇女地位的低下和

2010-2011年英美文学史复习提纲(名词解释答案)

1.Humanism: A Renaissance intellectual and artistic movement triggered by a “rediscovery” of classical Greek and Roman language, culture and literature. Humanists emphasized human culture, reason, learning, art, and education as a means of improving humanity. They exalted the dignity of man, and emphasized present life as a worthwhile focus for art, poetry, and literature. 2.Naturalism: Naturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Europe, especially in France and Germany, in the second half of the 19th century. The school of thought is a product of Darwin’s evolutionary theory. It asserts that human beings exist entirely in the order of nature. Humanity is thus a higher order animal whose character and behavior are entirely determined by two kinds of forces, hereditary and environment. 3.Imagism: Imagism is an early twentieth-century artistic movement in the United States and Britain. Imagists believe poets should use common, everyday vocabulary, experiment with new rhythm, and use clear, precise, concentrated imagery. The Imagists advocate direct treatment of the thing and a rhythm like that of a musical phrases. 4.Romanticism: It is an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions of classicism. 5.Transcendentalism: Transcendentalism is the summit of the Romantic Movement in the history of American literature. It was started in New England in the 1830s. Transcendentalists place emphasis on the importance of the Oversoul, the individual and Nature. It is believed that nature is ennobling and the individual is divine and therefore, self-reliant. 6.The Lost Generation: A term first used by Gertrude Stein to describe the group of twentieth-century authors who grew disillusioned after World War I and lived in Europe as expatriates. Ernest Hemingway is one of the more famous members of the Lost Generation. 7.Modernism: Modernism refers to the deliberate departure from tradition and the use of innovative forms of expression that distinguish many styles in the arts and literature of the 20th century. As a reaction against realism, it takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as it theoretical base and cast away all the traditional elements in literature such as story, plot, character, chronological narration, etc. 8.Local Colorism: When setting dominates, or when the author wants to capture the language, appearance, mentality of people of a particular place at a specific moment in history, the story becomes an example of local color writing or regionalism.

外国文学史试题库

外国文学史 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题 1.在古代西方文论家中,提出“寓教于乐”观点的是( D ) A亚里斯多德 B 苏格拉底 C 柏拉图 D 贺拉斯 2.法国著名的短篇小说家莫泊桑的成名作是( C ) A《两个朋友》 B《米隆老爹》 C《羊脂球》 D《项链》 3.歌德《浮士德》中同名主人公奋斗探索的第三阶段一般被称为(B)悲剧。 A知识 B 政治C爱情 D 乐土 4.希腊神话中,取金羊毛的英雄是[ B ] A.赫剌克勒斯 B。伊阿宋 C.狄俄尼索斯 D。忒修斯 5.除了《普罗米修斯》之外,埃斯库罗斯的代表作还有( C ) A《安提戈涅》 B 《鸟》 C 《俄瑞斯忒亚》 D《美狄亚》2.《伊利昂纪》6.古希腊悲剧之父指的是[ A ] A.埃斯库罗斯 B。索福克勒斯 C.欧里庇得斯 D。阿里斯托芬 7.古罗马喜剧《婆母》的作者是( D ) A 维吉尔 B普劳图斯 C 奥维德 D泰伦斯 8.文艺复兴时期杰出的西班牙小说《小癞子》是一部描写( D )生活经历的小说。 A 骑士 B农夫 C 商人 D 流浪汉 9.在《神曲》中,引导但丁游历地狱的是[ B ] A.荷马 B。维吉尔

C.柏拉图 D。亚里士多德10.席勒《阴谋与爱情》中封建贵族阶级的叛逆者是( C ) A瓦尔特 B米勒 C斐迪南 D路易丝11.《十日谈》宣扬的最突出的思想是( A ) A.幸福在人间 B。和平统一 C.宗教信念 D。民族团结12.意大利浪漫主义作家曼佐尼的代表作是( B ) A 《斯巴达克思》 B 《约婚夫妇》 C 《田野生活》 D 《乡村故事》 13.莫里哀以阿巴贡为主人公的喜剧是[ D ] A.《伪君子》 B.《堂·璜》 C.《无病呻吟》 D.《吝啬鬼》 14.十八世纪英国现实主义长篇小说中最具讽刺特色的作品是[ B ] A.《鲁滨逊漂流记》 B.《格列佛游记》 C.《汤姆·琼斯》 D.《克莱丽莎》 15.英国小说家理查生的代表作是( A ) A《帕美拉》 B 《格列佛游记》 C《兰登传》 D 《鲁宾逊飘流记》 16.“德国第一部有政治倾向性的戏剧”指的是[ B ] A.《铁手骑士葛兹·冯·伯利欣根》 B.《阴谋与爱情》 C.《强盗》 D.《爱米莉娅·迦洛蒂》 17.法国最早写“忧郁病患者”的浪漫主义作家是[ D ] A.雨果 B.史达尔夫人

英美文学史 复习资料

美国文学史 1,Benjamin Franklin:merchant family,an apprentice in a printing house 2,Emerson:family:clergyman,philosophy of the soul,美国孔子,文明之父,transcendentalism(超验主义nature的出 版,nature is ennobling and individual is divine神圣的)chief spokesman, 最终除了你自己的思想头脑外,没有什么是神 圣的,the ame scholar(speech) 3,Ellen Poe:a poet and fiction writer,begin his literary by writing poets 4,Nathaniel Hawthorne:man and human history originates in puritanism(清教主义),view :there is evil in every heart,描写人性和社会的阴暗面,young goodman brown (desperate and gloomy)揭示每个人都有邪恶的秘密, rappaccini`s daughter(人性罪恶之源),ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art,美国文学史上最受争议的 (ambivalent),intellectuals us appears as villains(恶棍) in his story,the house of the seven gables,the marble faun,the blithedale romance,the scarlet letter(加尔文主义) 5,Walt Whitman:family:carpenter(木匠)free verse(自由诗体),leaves of grass(获得成功的原因:the democratic ideas)歌整体和部分,when the lilacs last in the dooryard bloomed

相关文档
最新文档