基于RFID的供应链仓储管理外文文献翻译

文献信息

标题：The Research of Supply chain inventory management based on RFID

作者： Gaukler G.

期刊名：Production and Operations Management,；第16卷，第2期，页码：65-75.

原文

The Research of Supply chain inventory management based on RFID

Gaukler G

Abstract

Storage as part of the logistics system, it's on the origin, consumption, or between the two storage management items, and store items to the relevant managers to provide the information such as the state, condition and treatment .From the point of logistics in developed countries, the importance of warehousing in logistics strategy is increasing day by day, in the logistics management occupies the core position, and has become the key link in supply chain management. Under the environment of supply chain warehouse management involves a large number of various types of products, at the same time the corresponding business and structure is more complex, very high demand for the accuracy and timeliness of information. RFID is also called Radio Frequency Identification, is English Radio Frequency Identification, with communications is a non-contact automatic Identification technology, with its support for fast reading and writing, the visual recognition, mobile Identification, multi-target recognition, location and tracking management aspects of advantage for a long time, showing the huge market potential, is to promote the development of the logistics management, supply chain management. It represents the direction in the field of automatic identification, to the modern industrial production. The service will be a revolutionary impact.

Keywords: RFID technology; Warehouse management; Business process

1 Introduction

Warehousing is an important part of logistics supply chain. It is a key node of the logistics operation. If a country, a region can not make warehousing logistics socialization, modernization, so these areas to achieve the logistics socialization, modernization is impossible .Implementation of logistics management, is to improve the company's service level, reduce costs, enhance competitiveness, to realize the whole logistics chain optimization. With the development of the

economy, as well as the success of the logistics industry in some developed countries use, warehousing logistics industry is also more and more get the attention of the logistics industry. Traditional warehouse management, generally relies on a non automated, on the basis of the paper file system to record and track the goods in and out, completely by artificial implementation within the warehouse management, warehouse management efficiency is low, therefore, to manage the warehouse on a small scale.

The continuous development of enterprise scale, warehouse management for ins and outs of the types of goods quantity is also increasing, frequency surge, warehouse management job is very complex and diverse, the traditional artificial warehouse operation pattern and the way of data collection has been difficult to meet the requirements of warehouse management of rapid, accurate and has influenced seriously the operation of the enterprise work efficiency, become a big obstacle to the development of the enterprise. Logistics information refers to the logistics enterprises on the basis of business process reengineering, the widespread use of modern logistics information technology to control all of the information and integration of enterprise logistics activities, to reach the company internal and external information resources sharing and effective use, in order to improve the economic benefits of enterprises and the core competitiveness. The key to logistics information is to apply advanced information technology effectively in practical logistics business. Along with the development of the public information platform and the development of the information integration technology, represented by RFID technology, RFID and bar code technology, electronic products, EPC code technology, value-added network VAN, EDI electronic data interchange (EDI) technology, GPS global positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GlS) showed the impact of the strong.

2 The RFID technology and supply chain inventory management were reviewed

2.1 The overview of RFID technology

RFID is the abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification, i.e., radio frequency identification (RFID).RFID is began in the 1990 s a non-contact automatic identification technology, it is the use of radio frequency signal and the spatial coupling or transmission of radar reflection characteristics, realize automatic identification of identified object. RFID can be classified as short distance wireless communication technology, WLAN and other short-range wireless communication technology, Bluetooth, infrared, ZIGBEE, UWB compared to the passive

work the biggest difference lies in the RFID mode, namely using the reflection energy to communicate. Radio frequency identification technology, electronic identification is obtained by using the large scale integrated circuit and computer communication technology, through reading and writing and installed on the carrier of RFID tags, can realize the non-contact recognition and data exchange of information carrier. Coupled with its convenient, fast recognition, large data capacity, long service life, compared with barcode label data dynamically changes, has the advantages of better security, dynamic real-time communication. According to the different application purpose and application environment, the system composition are different, but from the perspective of the working principle of radio frequency identification system, the system generally consists of signal launch receiving antenna of a transmitter, a receiver, a few parts. Working principle of RFID is: smile for passive electronic label, enter the induced magnetic field, will receive special radio frequency signal from the reader, and be able to rely on energy gained by the induced current send product information stored in the RFID chip; If it is active electronic tags, it will send a signal frequency. Read by the reader from the signal from the electronic label and decoding, and eventually sent to the central information system on data processing.

2.2 The RFID and Internet of things

It has three characteristics, the first is the comprehensive perception, is the use of RFID, sensor, qr code, or even other various machines, can at any time instant collection objects dynamic; The second is a reliable transmission, through a variety of ubiquitous wireless network will perceive information real-time transmission; The third is the intelligent processing, the use of cloud computing technology to deal with huge amounts of information in a timely manner, to the people's communication and content and content of communication. It widely used in intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government, public security, and peace, household, intelligent fire control, industrial monitoring, the old man care, personal health and other fields. The Internet of things is to use the ubiquitous network technology built, is the computer, Internet and mobile communication network of after another wave of information industry, is a new technology.

It combines sensor technology, embedded computing technology, modern network and wireless communication technology, distributed information processing technology, etc., through all kinds of integrated micro sensor collaboration to real-time monitor, sense and collect all kinds

of environmental or monitoring object information, through the embedded system in information processing, and through random self-organizing wireless network with multiple hops relaying mode will perceive information transmitted to the user terminal. To truly achieve "ubiquitous computing" concept .Its mouth is to let all of the items to be able to remote sensing and control, and together with the existing network, to form a more intelligent system of production and living. Its essence is the use of radio frequency automatic identification (RFID) technology, the Internet by computer items (products) of the automatic identification and information and sharing of the Internet. The Internet of things is a very important technology in the RFID electronic tag technology. Based on the simple RFID system, combining the existent network technology, database technology and middleware technology, build a large network of numerous mobile tags and readers, is even more important than the Internet giant Internet of things become the trend of the development of the RFID technology.

3 The process optimization of supply chain warehouse management based on RFID

Storage as the core part of logistics, belongs to the logistics each link in the "static" side, the frozen enterprises a large number of assets, so how to design and establish a complete set of warehouse management, improve storage turnover, reducing the number of operating funds, make the frozen assets into cash, reduce the storage and elimination of cost, is the enterprise to improve the important link of the production efficiency, reduce operating costs. Storage system is linked to production enterprises and dealing directly with the customers, like play a important role. The discretion of the warehouse management efficiency directly affects the enterprise profit and customer satisfaction, is critical to the survival and development of enterprises.

The present condition of the warehouse management is: low inventory information processing speed and error-prone; Difficult to manage various forms of inventory; Lack of monitoring on the ability of material, inventory material dump; Difficult to effectively manage the receiving; Value stream is difficult to achieve synchronization with logistics management; Often, inventory and production, sales, procurement, finance, warehouse, quality inspection, and other functions. As a result of the existence of these problems, enterprise warehouse processes are often and complex and cost is very high. In the speed and customer response to win today, enterprises need to adopt new technology and method to improve the accuracy of the inventory quantity, warehousing business process optimization.

The application of RFID technology in warehouse management, mainly to undertake the carrier of warehouse management, and replace the traditional bar code technology is widely used in logistics management. Due to the barcode itself has no storage space, can only rely on a simple number, according to a large amount of data information is stored in the background, the background of the information processing capacity requirements is very high, also to the size of the database requirement is very high. But if put the basic information for each of the items is written in the items of the tray or container electronic label, when the tray or container through reading and writing, can immediately understand the items of information, do not need to access the database, simplify working process. Traditional warehousing operations began in delivery vehicles arrived at the door of the warehouse, and warehousing industry based on RFID technology is started in the cargo loading at the time of departure. More accurate, Warehousing operation under the RFID information more transparent, control more accurate. The deliveryman will the goods of shipment of the goods and transport vehicle information is passed to the warehouse, warehouse management system can choose the warehouse according to the arrangement of the goods information as well as warehouse usage, and then, according to the warehouse of the selected items reservoir and the reservoir distribution, do a good job in receiving time, staff, receiving place, loading and unloading equipment warehouse to prepare beforehand. Use a hand-held stare when the vehicle arrives, the only evidence member ID, speaking, reading and writing device reads the tray label and case label information, the system can provide fast and consignor of the goods have been sent to the warehouse management system and information, complete the voucher to check. The system also indicate the vehicle discharge the goods at the warehouse the goods. Arrived at the designated warehouse, equipped with an electronic tag of the goods, by the reader in inbound channel mouth place, information about the goods can be automatically entered into the warehouse management system. System to record the actual storage information and check, if is qualified to allow warehousing and inventory information into inventory information, if there is an error, output, is solved by staff. Warehouse management system in accordance with the guide the best way of storing the fro terminal on the forklift, select the empty pallet and guide the best way, arrived in the empty pallet. Reader to confirm the goods are ready then updates the inventory. Materials put in storage, can through the printer to print inventory list.

译文

基于RFID的供应链仓储管理研究

Gaukler G

摘要

仓储作为物流系统的一部分，它在原产地、消费地，或者在这两地之间存储管理物品，并且向管理者提供有关存储物品的状态、条件和处理情况等信息。从物流发达国家来看，仓储在物流战略中的重要性日益提高，在物流管理中占据着核心的地位，并已成为供应链管理的核心环节。供应链环境下的仓储管理涉及大量各类型的产品，同时对应的业务和结构比较复杂，对信息的准确性和及时性要求非常高。RFID又称射频识别，是英文Radio Frequency Identification的缩写，是一种利用射频通信实现的非接触式自动识别技术，以其支持快速读写、非可视识别、移动识别、多目标识别、定位及长期跟踪管理等多方面的优势，显现出巨大的市场潜力，正在推动着物流管理、供应链管理的发展。它代表着自动识别领域的前进方向，对现代工业生产、服务将产生革命性影响。

关键词: RFID技术;仓储管理;业务流程

1 引言

仓储是物流供应链中的重要一环，是物流运作的一个关键节点。一个国家、一个地区如果不能使仓储物流业实现社会化、现代化，那么这些地区要实现物流的社会化、现代化是不可能的。实施仓储物流管理，是为了提高公司的服务水平，减低成本，增强竞争力，实现整条物流链的优化。随着经济的发展，以及物流业在一些发达国家的成功运用，仓储物流业也越来越受到物流界的关注。传统的仓库管理，一般依赖于一个非自动化的、以纸张文件为基础的系统来记录、追踪进出的货物，完全由人工实施仓库内部的管理，因此仓库管理的效率极其低下，所能管理的仓库规模也很小。

企业规模的不断发展，仓库管理的物资种类数量也在不断增加、出入库频率剧增，仓库管理作业也已十分复杂和多样化，传统的人工仓库作业模式和数据采集方式已难以满足仓库管理的快速、准确要求，严重影响了企业的运行工作效率，成为制约企业发展的一大障碍。物流信息化是指物流企业以业务流程重组为基础，广泛使用现代物流信息技术，控制和集成企业物流活动的所有信息，实现企业内外信息资源共享和有效利用，以提高企业的经济效益和核心竞争力。物流信息化的关键，是将先进的信息技术有效地应用于实际的物流业务之中。随着公共信息平台的开发和信息整合技术的发展，以RFID为代表的新技术(RFID、条码技术、产品电子代码技术EPC、增值网络V AN、电子数据交换技术EDI、全球定位系统GPS、地理信息系统Gls)显示出了强大的冲击力。

2 RFID技术与供应链仓储管理综述

2.1RFID技术概述

RFID是Radio Frequency Identification的缩写，即无线射频识别。RFID是20世纪90年代开始兴起的一种非接触的自动识别技术，它是利用射频信号和空间耦合或雷达反射的传输特性，实现对被识别物体的自动识别。RFID可以归入短距离无线通信技术，与其他短距离无线通信技术WLAN、蓝牙、红外、ZIGBEE，UWB相比最大的区别在于RFID的被动工作模式，即利用反射能量进行通信。射频识别技术采用大规模集成电路计算、电子识别、计算机通信技术，通过读写器和安装于载体上的RFID标签，能够实现对载体的非接触的识别和数据信息交换。再加上其方便快捷、识别速度快、数据容量大、使用寿命长、标签数据可动态更改、较条码而言具有更好的安全性、动态实时通信等优点。根据不同的应用目的和应用环境，系统的组成会有所不同，但从射频识别系统的工作原理来看，系统一般都由信号发射机、信号接收机、发射接收天线几部分组成。

RFID的工作原理是:对于无源电子标笑，进入感应磁场后，会接收到阅读器发出的特殊射频信号，并能凭借感应电流所获得的能量发送出存储在电子标签芯片中的产品信息;如果是有源电子标签，它会主动发送某一频率的信号。这些从电子标签发出的信号被阅读器读取并解码，最终送至中央信息系统进行有关数据处理。

2.2 RFID与物联网

物联网有三个特点，第一是全面感知，也就是利用RFID、传感器、二维码，甚至其他的各种机器，能够随时即时采集物体动态;第二是可靠的传送，通过无处不在的无线网络将感知的各种信息进行时时传送;第三是智能处理，利用云计算等技术及时对海量信息进行处理，真正达到了人与人的沟通和物与物的沟通。物联网用途广泛，遍及智能交通、环境保护、政府工作、公共安全、平安家居、智能消防、工业监测、老人护理、个人健康等多个领域。物联网是利用无所不在的网络技术建立起来的，是继计算机、互联网与移动通信网之后的又一次信息产业浪潮，是一个全新的技术领域。

它综合了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、现代网络及无线通信技术、分布式信息处理技术等，能够通过各类集成化的微型传感器协作地实时监测、感知和采集各种环境或监测对象的信息，通过嵌入式系统对信息进行处理，并通过随机自组织无线通信网络以多跳中继方式将所感知信息传送到用户终端。从而真正实现“无处不在的计算”理念。其口的是让所有的物品都能够远程感知和控制，并与现有的网络连接在一起，形成一个更加智慧的生产生活体系。其实质是利用射频自动识别(RFID)技术，通过计算机互联网实现物品(商品)的自动识别