2015下新目标八年级英语下册教案Unit10教案

Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.

Period 1

知识目标

1.学习重点词汇：among , search , especially等。

2．学习讨论自己的家乡并写成文章。

能力目标

能够和同学讨论自己的家乡并写出家乡的变化。

情感目标

1.通过讨论自己家乡的变化，培养学生对自己家乡的热爱之情。

2．培养学生善于观察，乐于分享和交流的思想感情。

要点精讲

1 among prep. 在（其）中，……之一

【辨析】between与among的区别

between介词，意为“在……之间”，一般指在两者之间，常与and连用。among，介词，意为“在……之间”，一般用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间。

Our teacher is standing among the students. 我们的老师站在学生中间。

活学活用

The old woman lives ______ a small village . It is ______ two hills .

A. in , among

B. at , among

C. at , between

D. in , between

【答案】D

2 regard v. 将……认为，把……看做

【点拨】regard…as …把……看做……，将……认为……

例如：He regards me as his son .他将我视为他的儿子。

活学活用

The American teacher regards us ______ his friends .

A. as

B. to

C. with

D. \

【答案】A

3 consider v. 注视，仔细考虑

【点拨】consider doing sth 仔细考虑做某事= think about doing sth ; consider … as … 把……视为……= regard … as …

例如：Please consider coming and joining us . 请考虑来加入我们。

I consider reading books as a relaxing activity . 我将看书视为一项休闲活动。

活学活用

1.Nowadays，the study of English is considered as a very important industry in China as well as in the rest of the world .

A. is regarded as

B. is looked as

C. takes as

D. treats as

【答案】A

2.let’s consider ______ , shall we ?

A. go swimming

B. to go swimming

C. going swimming

【答案】C

4 Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts . 我们的家乡在我们的心

里留下了柔软甜美的记忆。

【点拨】leave … + 介词短语把……留在\落在……

例如：I hurried to school this morning , so I ______ my bag at home .

A. forgot

B. left

C. lost

D. put

【答案】B

活学活用

—Show me your homework, Dave?

—Sorry, Mrs. Brown. I've it at home.

A. missed

B. forgotten

C. lost

D. left

【答案】D

课时训练

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空________

1．There were at ________ (little) 1,000 people at the concert last night.

2．It isn't easy _________ (be) a famous person.

3．Everyone _________ (have)a _ _________(wonder) time on the square dancing excitedly.

4．Millions of Chinese leave the countryside ________ for work in the cities .(search) 5．I used to ________ home at least once a year .(return)

6．I consider __ ________(watch)three-D movies at home wearing the special glasses.

7．I was really happy _________ (meet)you here.

8．That’s ________of my hometown .(truth)

9．We all think such ________are good .(develop)

10．He brought a lot of sweet ________ to us .(memory)

Ⅱ.用适当的介词填空

1．We had a wonderful time ________Sunday morning.

2 ________ my opinions , he should get up early and take exercise .

3．My mother often helps me ________my English.

4．I have waited ________ him ________ a while .

5．He is searching ________ a good job .

III.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子

1．I have studied in that school ________ ________ ________ ________.(自从20世纪中叶)

2. It’s the_______ ________ ________ ________..(我们城市的标志)

3. Most of the children_______ ________ ________. liked to play together .(在我的时代)

4. They like many kinds of sports , _______ swimming .(尤其是)

5. He is the best teacher _______ ________ ________ . .(在我们心里)

6. I think speaking impolitely to parents is _______ ________ . .(可耻的事情)

7. It took him 2 days to _______ ________ ________ ________. .(返回他的故乡)

8. _______ ________ Tom , some things will never change . (根据)

Tom; Hi, Dad, do you have time for a chat? I have 66 some problems.

Dad: Oh, Tom, what’s 67?

Tom; Dad, you and mum are always around me. I don’t have my own time and 68

Dad: Are we?

Tom: Yes. I always have to obey you, but I’m able to decide my own business now.

Dad: Oh, I didn’t realize that we hardly 69 you to make your own decision in the past.

Tom: Dad, I have grown up. Please don’t treat me like a child.

Dad: I’m sorry. Well try to change ourselves.

Tom: That’s 70.

Dad: Son, remember, we are always open for a chat.

V. .单项填空

()1.The match was really fantastic , ______ when Smith scored in the last minute .

A. probably

B. exactly

C. especially

D. mostly

()2.[2012·重庆] I didn't believe he could drive ________ he told me.

A．once B．while C．since D．until

()3.—How long has the foreigner ______ here ? –He has ______ here for several hours .

A. arrived , come

B. come , got

C. stayed , been

D. left , been away

()4.We are going to ________ with some friends for a picnic this weekend. Would you like to come?

A．get on B．get away C．get along D．get together

()5.It is difficult ________ a new student in a new school.

A．being B．is C．be D．to have

()6.She may be slow but ________ she's reliable(可靠的)．

A．at most B．at least C．still D．however

()7.My grandma ______ a lot of changes in Changchun since she came here .

A. sees

B. can see

C. will see

D. has seen

()8. I______ my hometown for a long time . I really miss it !

A. left

B. went away from

C. have left

D. have been away from

()9.I often help my aunt ________ her car and she often helps me ________my English. A．wash; learning B．to wash; for

C．wash; to D．wash; with

()10. The book ______ pretty popular since they were published .

A. becomes

B. will become

C. has become

D. is becoming

()11. Yao Ming is ______ as one of the most popular basketball players in the world .

A. regarded

B. made

C. kept

D. watched

()12.--Can you answer the telephone ? I’m busy ______ the Internet .

--OK , I’ll get it .

A. search

B. to search

C. searching

D. searched

()13. 【2013安徽】I will meet Jane at the station, Please____________ what time she will arrive.

A. count

B. choose

C. check

D. catch

()14.It’s difficult to live in a foreign country , ______ if you don’t speak the language .

A. exactly

B. naturally

C. usually

D. especially

()15.—I think it will be sunny tomorrow.

—I hope ________. I want to go hiking.

A．not B．real C．really D．so

VI. 阅读理解

Joe Read studied in this school for fourteen years. When he finished school, he was already eighteen years old. And then his father said to him, “You finished school, and you are a good student. Now you may go to town and get a good job. They need some clever people to work in the office. The people there can get a lot of money now. If you stay at home, you can't get money from our family.” A few weeks later, Joe went to the office and asked for a job there. A man took him into a small room and gave him some questions on a piece of paper. Joe answered the questions quickly, and he gave the paper to the man. The man looked at the paper for a few minutes and then asked, “You were born on Sept.23.But which year were you born in？” Joe answered, “Oh, every year.”

()1.How old was Joe when he went to school?

A．8.B．18.C．4.D．14.

()2.What place did his father want him to work in?

A．A school. B．An office.

C．A house. D．A shop.

()3.What did his father think of Joe?

A．He was a good student.

B．He wasn't a good student.

C．He wasn't clever.

D．He could get money from his family.

()4.Why did the man give Joe a piece of paper?

A．Because he wanted to give Joe a job.

B．Because he wanted Joe to answer some questions.

C．Because he wanted to know if Joe was clever.

D．Because he wanted to know how old Joe was.

()5.From Joe's answer, “Oh, every year.”，we can infer(推测) that________.

A．he didn't want to work in the office

B．he was hardworking but dishonest

C．he was outgoing and clever

D．in fact, he didn't really answer the man's questions

参考答案

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．least2．_being__3．_had__ (have)a __wonderful__4．to search 5．return

6．__watching__

7．__to_meet_8．true 9．developments 10．memories

Ⅱ.用适当的介词填空

1．on2．In 3．with 4 for ；for

5．for

III.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子

1．l since the mid-20th century 2. symbol of our city

3n my time 4. especially s

5. in our hearts .

6. a shame

7. return to his hometown

8. According to

IV. 1. met 2. wrong 3. freedom 4 encouraged 5. Cool

V. .单项填空

1. C

2. D

3. C

4. D get on意为“上车”；get away意为“离开”；get along意为“相处，进展”；get together意为“聚在一起”。根据句意可知选D。

5. A

6. B

7. D

8. D

9. D help一般用于help sb (to) do sth “帮助某人做某事” 和help sb with sth “在某方面帮助某人” 结构中。

10. C

11. A

12. C

13. A

14. D

15. D

VI. 1—5 CBABD

Period 2

现在完成时

一、意义与构成

1. 意义：表示过去

1) 发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果

2) 某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态

2. 基本构成：have/has+ done (过去分词)

3. 句型

基本结构：主语+have/has+ done (过去分词)

a. 肯定句：主语+have/has+ done (过去分词)

b. 否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词)

c. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词)

d. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+ done过去分词

二、过去分词

与动词的过去式一样，动词的过去分词有规则动词过去分词和不规则动词过去分词两种。

1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同

1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”

如：work—worked—worked; play—played—played; enjoy—enjoyed—enjoyed.

2) 以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ”

如：dance—danced—danced; live—lived—lived; place—placed—placed.

3) 以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将“y” 变为“i” ，再加“ed”

注意：元音字母+y结尾的动词的过去分词的变法参见一般动词。

如：carry—carried—carried; hurry—hurried—hurried; cry—cried—cried

4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，再加“ed”

如：plan—planned—planned; stop—stopped—stopped; drop—dropped—dropped

2. 不规则动词

不规则动词的过去分词有5种形式：

A-A-A 如：cost—cost—cost; cut—cut—cut; hit—hit—hit

A-B-B 如：bring—brought—brought; build—built—built; catch—caught—caught;

keep—kept—kept; sell—sold—sold; smell—smelt—smelt;

learn—learnt—learnt; say—said—said; meet—met—met;

make—made—made; leave—left—left

此类变化涉及到的动词较多，需要同学们认真记忆。

A-B-C 如：begin—began—begun; blow—blew—blown; drive—drove—drive;

break—broke—broken; forget—forgot—forgotten; eat—ate—eaten;

take—took—taken; do—did—done

此类变化涉及到的动词较多，需要同学们认真记忆。

A-A-B 如：beat—beat—beaten

A-B-A 如：come—came—come

不规则动词的过去分词变化规则多，但是还是有一定的规律所循，希望同学们多花心思，细心记下，这是使用完成时态的基础。

三、用法

1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动

作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

I have spent all of my money. 我花光了身上所有的钱。

(含义是：I don’t have any money now.)

Jane has laid the table. Jane已经把桌子摆好了。

(含义是：We can sit and have dinner.)

Michael has been ill. Michael病了。

(含义是：He can’t come to school.)

He has returned from abroad. 他已经从国外回来了。

(含义是：He’s at home now.)

2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for（+时间段），

since（+时间点）连用。

Mary has been ill for three days. Mary已经病了三天了。

I have lived here since 1998. 我从1998年起一直住在这。

I have been a teacher for 10 years. 我当老师已经10年了。

注意：点动词（buy, die, join, finish等）不能直接与for, since 连用，需要改变动词。

1) have代替buy

I have bought new car. 他买了辆新车。(含义：他自己有车，不用搭别人车等。)

I have had this bike for almost 7 years. 我买这辆自行车七年了。

2) 用keep或have代替borrow

He has kept the book for a long time. 他借这书好长时间了。

3) 用be in替代come to/ join/ move to等

How long have you been in America? 你来美国多久了？

4) 用be+副词替代start/ get up/ return to/go back to

The show has been on for half an hour. Hurry up!

演出已经开始了半个小时了。快点！

I’ve been up for an hour, but I still feel sleepy.

我起床已经一个小时了，但是我还是觉得很困。

He has been back to his hometown for a year, but he’s still missing the life in the

city.

他回到故乡都一年了，但是他还是很怀念城市生活。

总之，后加时间的完成时表达中，都表达一个动作所延续的时间，而点动词只表达那一动作，动作之后所处的状态，应该用相应的状态词来表达，如come是“来”的意思，而来之后的日子都是“在…”因为不能用come表达，应该用be in…来表达，意为“一直处于…”。

3. 现在完成时的时间状语

现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last

Sunday,

in1990, three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时

间状语连用。

如：I have finished my homework yesterday. (×)

I finished my homework yesterday. (√)

1)副词already和yet

already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如：I’ve already slept for 12 hours but I’m still feeling tired.

我都睡了12个小时了可是我还是很累。

I haven’t finished working yet.

我还没有完成工作。

Have you found your lost cat yet?

你找到你丢了的小猫了吗？

2)ever和never

多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未”。

如：---Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？

---No, I haven’t. I have never been to the Great Wall. 没有。我从未去过长城。

3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如：just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。

如：I have just finished my paper. 我才写完我的论文。

I’ve dream about that before. 我以前梦到过那个情景。

Up to now, he has got 3 gold medals in the Olympic Games.

到现在为止，他已经在奥运会中取得了三块金牌。

He has been there three times the last few days.

近几年他去过那里三次了。

4)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。

如：---Have you met him today?

---No, I haven't.

---今天你见过他吗？---没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次？

四、练习

（一）单项选择

1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they __________ what happened to him.

A. knew

B. have known

C. must know

D. will know

2. Have you met Mr. Li __________?

A. just

B. ago

C. before

D. a moment ago

3. The famous writer __________ two new books in the past two year.

A. is writing

B. was writing

C. wrote

D. has written

4. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I __________ it twice.

A. will see

B. have seen

C. saw

D. see

5. ---These farmers have been to the United States.

---Really? When __________ there?

A. will they g

B. did they go

C. do they go

D. have they gone

6. ---__________ you __________ your homework yet?

---Yes. I __________ it a moment ago.

A. Did; do; finished

B. Have; done; finished

C. Have; done; have finished

D. will; do; finish

7. His father __________ the Party since 1978.

A. joined

B. has joined

C. was in

D. has been in

8. ---Do you know him well?

---Sure. We __________ friends since ten years ago.

A. were

B. have been

C. have become

D. have made

9. ---How long have you __________ here?

---About two months.

A. been

B. gone

C. come

D. arrived

10. The house is dirty. We __________ it for weeks.

A. didn’t clean

B. hadn’t cleaned

C. don’t clean

D. haven’t cleaned

11. You don’t need to describe her. I __________ her several times.

A. had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

12. He __________ English for six years by the time he takes his examination.

A. has studied

B. studied

C. will study

D. had studied

（二）翻译句子

1. 我父亲以前到过长城。

_________________________________________________________

2. 她去过上海。

_________________________________________________________

3. 这本字典我已经买了三年了。

_________________________________________________________

4. 他们已经互相认识。

_________________________________________________________

5. 我哥哥还没有回来。

_________________________________________________________ 答案：

（一）单项选择

1. 现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，题目中提出父母很悲伤，这是对现在的影

响，由此可知应用完成时，答案B。从意思来讲，父母看上去很悲伤，也许他们已经知道了他的事。

2. B，D 两选项应用于一般过去时，A，C两词用语现在完成时，但是just用于助动词have/has 后，而

本题应填在句末，因而使用before，答案C。

3. 现在完成时常与“in the past + 一段时间”连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一

段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故应选D。

4. 现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times

（几次）等

表示重复次数的词语连用。故应选B。

5. when这个时间状语表达“何时”，问确切的时间，多用于一般过去时、一般将来时和一般现在时，

故答案为B。

6. 问句中yet是一般现在时的标志，a moment ago中的ago是典型的一般过去时的标志，因而答案为B

7. 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的

延续性动词来代替。故答案依为D。

8. since是现在完成时的典型标志，而become是个点动词，在用语完成时表达时，应换成相对应的延续

性动词，因而答案为B。

9. 有问句可知是完成时，而“到这儿”这个概念应该用延续性动词表达，对应词为been，答案为A。

10. 从意思来看，房子很脏，推断出一定是一直没有打扫，又看到for weeks，for+一段时间是完成时

中的用法，因而答案为D。

11. Several times 几次，现在完成时常与次数连用，因而答案为A。

12. for+一段时间是完成时中的用法，因而选择A。

（二）翻译句子

1. My father has been to the Great Wall before.

2. She has been to Shanghai.

3. I have had this dictionary for three years.

4. They have already known each other.

5. His elder brother hasn’t come back yet.

Period 3

现在完成时补充

教学难点：完成时中非延续性动词向延续性动词的转换

1、什么时候一定要用延续性动词：

在含有以下三个标志词的完成时句型中：since，for，how long

2、哪些瞬间性动词需要变成相应的延续性动词或结构

open--- be open close--- be closed

come/go/ arrive--- be (in) become--- be

start/ begin --- be on finish/end--- be over

leave--- be away die--- be dead

get up--- be up wake up--- be awake

get married--- be married borrow--- keep

catch a cold--- have a cold buy--- have

join --- be in/ be a member of

3、句型：

(1)如：这本书他借了一个月了。(不用borrow)

He has kept the book for a month.

He has kept the book since a month ago.

(2)这本书他借了多久了？

How long has he kept the book?

现在完成时专项练习

一、单项选择

1. —My god! I ______ the book from the library for more than two months.

—Go to see if you will be fined.

A. have lent

B. have borrowed

C. have returned

D. have kept

2. — David, where have you ______ recently?

—I have ______ to Shanghai with classmates.

A. been, gone

B. been, been

C. gone, been

D. gone, gone

3. —Where is Jack’s brother? I haven’t seen him for a long time.

—______.

A. He has been to Suzhou

B. He has gone to Suzhou

C. He is going to Suzhou

D. He will go to Suzhou

4. My friends have ______ there since the firm set up.

A. work

B. start working

C. begun to work

D. worked

5. Sara ______ the Summer Palace twice.

A. went to

B. goes to

C. has gone to

D. has been to

6. It ______ 20 years since they ______ to China.

A. was, came

B. was, have come

C. is, have come

D. is, came

7. ----______ to Italy?

----No, never, but I went to France 5 years ago.

A. Did you go

B. Have you gone

C. Have you been

D. Are you going

8. She is not going to the concerts this Sunday night because she ______ her ticket.

A. didn’t lose

B. has lost

C. will lose

D. didn’t have

9. Stephen has studied Chinese in China ______.

A. for three months

B. three months ago

C. since three months

D. for three months ago

10. We ______ our mission so far. It is really fantastic.

A．to finish B. finish C. have finished D. finishing

11. Mathew_______ already _______ Eton Town since 1998.

A. have, lived

B. has, lived

C. have, live

D. has, living

12. ----Are you familiar with the famous singer---Jay Chou?

----Certainly! I _________ to his concerts many times.

A. go

B. am going

C. have gone

D. goes

13. ----Nowadays my hometown has taken a new look. It is so wonderful.

----Really. Great changes _______________during the past 30 years.

A. have taken place

B. are taken place

C. took place

D. take place

14. ----Where is my wallet?

----I __________it here just now but I can’t find it now.

A. saw

B. have seen

C. was seeing

D. see

15. It’s 8:00 now. You_______ to write your homework yet, Bob.

A. haven’t started

B. didn’t start

C. do n’t start

D. won’t start

16. My elder sister ____ a new pair of trousers last night. I _______ them on. They are

perfect.

A. has made, tried

B. made, tried

C. had made, have tried

D. made, have tried

17．----We ____how to drive already.

----When ______ you learn?

----Two years ago!

A. learned, does

B. learned, did

C. have learned, does

D. have learned, did

18. Billy _____up for a few minutes.

A. was getting

B. is getting

C. has got

D. has been

19．----____ Jim and you _____ the paragraphs _____ ?

----Yes, we ____ them last night.

A. Have, copied, already, have

B. Did, copy, yet, did

C. Have, copied, yet, did

D. Did, copy, ever, had

20. ----Have you finished your homework ______?

----No,_________.

A. already, not yet

B. yet, not yet

C. already, I haven’t

D. ever, not yet

二、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. With a book in his hand, Mr. Liu ______(hurry) to enter the room just now.

2. Nicolas _________(make) a lot of friends since 2000.

3. They _________(know) many foreigners up till now.

4. He _________ already _______(write) a letter to the president of the U.S.A.

5. —When _________ she _________(leave)? — 4 weeks ago.

6. —_________ you ever_________(watch) the movie?

—Yes, I _________.

—Where __________ you ________(watch) it?

—At Beijing Theater.

7. —Sally, I _________( not see) you for a long time.

—Yeah, I also miss you very much.

8. The class______ (end).for ten minutes.

9. How long _________ she _________(be) ill?

10. They _______(stop) to have a rest already.

三、按要求完成句子(同义句转换，每空一词)。

1. The twins arrived home three days ago.

The twins ___________ _________ home for three days.

2. They bought a new computer last week.

They have __________ a new computer___________ last week.

3. The foreign guests left China two days ago.

The foreign guests have __________ ___________ from China for two days.

4. The film began fifteen minutes ago.

The film __________ ___________ ___________ for fifteen minutes.

5. The old lady died 10 years ago.

The old lady ___________ ___________ ___________ for 10 years.

四. 根据汉语提示完成句子

1．你最近收到你美国笔友的来信了吗？

_______ you ______ ________ your American pen-pal _________ ?

2. 我们已经很长时间没有看望老师了。

We________ ________ our teacher ______ ______ _______ _______.

3. Billy曾经去过几次日本。

Billy _______ _______ _______ Japan for ______ times.

4. 他们已经去火车站了。

They ______ ______ ______ ______ station.

5. 史密斯一家还没有回来。

The Smiths _______ _______ _______ _______.

参考答案

一、

1-5 DBBDD 6-10 DCBAC

11-15 BCAAA 16-20 DDDCB

二、

1. hurried

2. has made

3. have known

4.has written

5.did, leave

6. Have, watched; have; did, watch

7. haven’t seen

8. have been over

9. has been10. have stopped

三、

1. have been

2. has been on

3. had, since

4. has been dead

5. been away

四、

1. Have, heard from, recently

2. haven’t visited, for a long time

3. has been to, several

4. have gone to

5. have n’t been back yet